Dichloroacetyl chloride

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P260, P264, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.4% (1 of 243) of reports.

H314 (99.6%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (70.8%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H400 (99.6%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P260, P264, P264+P265, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P363, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 243 reports by companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 243 reports by companies.

There are 9 notifications provided by 242 of 243 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P260, P264, P264+P265, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P363, P370+P378, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give nothing to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting. Thus, the risk of increasing the medical problems by inducing vomiting of a volatile corrosive chemical is very high. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases. CAUTION: For Acetyl bromide (UN1716), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

SMALL FIRE: CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use powder, carbon dioxide. NO water. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

ALCOHOL FOAM

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.

· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

HCl - when spill Dichloroacetyl chloride into water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1765 datasheet.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

When spilled in water

Small spill:

- ISOLATE in all directions: 30 m (100 ft)

Large spill:

- PROTECT people from downwind during DAY time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.1 km (0.1 mi)

- PROTECT people from downwind during NIGHT time: 0.5 km (0.3 mi)

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases, food and feedstuffs, alcohols and water. Dry. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

AEGL 1: Notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 2: Irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape (Unit: ppm)

AEGL 3: Life-threatening health effects or death (Unit: ppm)

AEGLs Status: Interim

0.040 [ppm]

1.6 [ppm]

52 [ppm]

· Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

CAUTION: For Acetyl bromide (UN1716), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

Small Fire

· CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

Lachrymation. The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation may cause lung oedema. Exposure could cause death.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

NO open flames. NO contact with water. Above 66 °C use a closed system and ventilation.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS! AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Dichloroacetyl chloride is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Flash point 151 °F Boiling point 107-108 °F. Vapors are irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. Corrosive to metals and tissue.

Liquid with a penetrating odor; [HSDB]

COLOURLESS-TO-YELLOW FUMING LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

PENETRATING ODOR

225 to 226 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

107-108 °C @ 760 MM HG

107-108 °C

108 °C @760 [mm Hg]

151 °F (NTP, 1992)

66 °C, 151 °F

Decomposes (NTP, 1992)

SOL IN ETHER

Solubility in water: decomposes

1.5315 at 61 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.5315 @ 16 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.5

15315 @ 16°C

5.1 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

5.1 (AIR= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 5.1

154 mmHg at 77 °F (NTP, 1992)

23.0 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 3.1

fumes in air

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.4638 @ 16 °C/D

DECOMPOSES UPON CONTACT WITH WATER & ALCOHOL

Schoenflies notation

Chemical bond

Diamagnetic susceptibility

Internuclear distance

Magnetic susceptibility

Molecular structure

Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Optical coefficient

Point group

Quadrupole coupling

Refractive index

Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Acid Halides

Corrosives

Flammable agents - 2nd degree

Fumes in air. Decomposed by water to dichloroacetic acid and hydrochloric acid, both corrosive, with release of heat. (NIP).

Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of Hydrogen Chloride gas will be created in 0.94 minutes. After mixing particular chemicals into water, there may be a delay of <1-10 minutes before gas generation may be observed. For this chemical, a 4 second induction time was observed. Experimental details are in the following: "Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Distances for the 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook", ANL/DIS-09-2, D.F. Brown, H.M. Hartmann, W.A. Freeman, and W.D. Haney, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, June 2009.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Acyl Halides, Sulfonyl Halides, and Chloroformates

Water-Reactive

Air-Reactive

Solutions of DICHLOROACETYL CHLORIDE in acetone are stable for less than two hours and fresh solution should be prepared before each use (NIP). May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291].

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.

Pain. Redness. Blisters. Skin burns.

Pain. Redness. Severe deep burns. Loss of vision.

Burning sensation. Abdominal cramps. Shock or collapse.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

...STRONG IRRITANT TO SKIN & EYES.

SYMPTOMATOLOGY (...INGESTION OR SKIN CONTACT): 1. CORROSION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF MOUTH, THROAT AND ESOPHAGUS, WITH IMMEDIATE PAIN AND DYSPHAGIA. NECROTIC AREAS...GRAYISH WHITE BUT SOON ACQUIRE A BLACKISH DISCOLORATION (YELLOW IN CASE OF NITRIC ACID) & SOMETIMES SHRUNKEN OR WRINKLED TEXTURE... 2. EPIGASTRIC PAIN...MAY BE ASSOC WITH NAUSEA & VOMITING... AT TIMES, GASTRIC HEMORRHAGE MAY BE INTENSE, AND VOMITUS THEN CONTAINS FRESH BLOOD. PROFOUND THIRST. 3. ULCERATION OF ALL MEMBRANES AND TISSUES WITH WHICH THE ACID COMES IN CONTACT. AFTER THE INGESTION OF CONCN MINERAL ACID, THIS CORROSION MAY LEAD WITHIN A FEW HR OR A FEW DAYS TO GASTRIC PERFORATION AND PERITONITIS. 4. CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE WITH CLAMMY SKIN, WEAK & RAPID PULSE, SHALLOW RESP, AND SCANTY URINE. CIRCULATORY SHOCK IS OFTEN IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF DEATH. /ACIDS/

RATED 10 ON RABBIT EYES. ...TESTED EXTERNALLY ON EYES OF RABBITS &...RATED NUMERICALLY ON SCALE OF 1-10 ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF INJURY...AFTER 24 HR /OBSERVATION/, PAYING PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO CONDITION OF CORNEA. MOST SEVERE INJURIES HAVE BEEN RATED 10.

Dichloroacetyl chloride (1 and 5% LD50 for 4 wk) is not toxic to liver of rats of both sexes, as shown by histochem studies.

This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to water quality.

Dichloroacetyl chloride may be released to the environment by fugitive atmospheric emissions resulting from industrial production and use operations. It can be formed in the atmosphere by oxidation of trichloroethylene. If released to moist soil, dichloroacetyl chloride will hydrolyze upon contact with the water. Evaporation from dry surfaces is expected to occur. If released to water, dichloroacetyl chloride will hydrolyze upon contact, forming HCl and dichloroacetic acid. If released to the atmosphere, dichloroacetyl chloride will react in the gas-phase with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals at an estimated half-life rate of 22.8 days. The half-life for the gas-phase tropospheric hydrolysis is in excess of 100 years. Atmospheric wash-out and transformation via rain may be possible. Occupational exposure by inhalation and dermal routes related to the commercial production and use of dichloroacetyl chloride may occur. (SRC)

Dichloroacetyl chloride is not known to occur naturally. (SRC)

Fugitive atmospheric emissions resulting from industrial production and use operations are a potential source of dichloroacteyl chloride release to the environment(SRC). Dichloroacetyl chloride can be formed in the atmosphere by the atmospheric oxidation of trichloroethylene(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Dichloroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes on contact with water(1); therefore, hydrolysis is expected to be the only important environmental fate process in moist soils. Based on a vapor pressure of 25.3 mm Hg at 25 degC(2), dichloroacetyl chloride is expected to evaporate relatively rapidly from dry surfaces. (SRC)

AQUATIC FATE: Dichloroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes on contact with water(1); therefore, hydrolyses is expected to be the only important environmental fate process in water. The hydrolysis products are expected to be HCl and dichloroacetic acid. (SRC)

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: When released to the atmosphere, vapor phase dichloroacetyl chloride is expected to react with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals at a theoretically estimated half-life rate of 22.8 days(1). The tropospheric gas-phase hydrolysis reaction between dichloroacetyl chloride and water has a half-life in excess of 100 years(2). Atmospheric wash-out and transformation via rain may be possible. (SRC)

Dichloroacetyl chloride decomposes upon contact with water or alcohol(1). The rate of hydrolysis in a solution of 89.1% acetone and 10.9% water at -20 degC was experimentally determined to be 3.1 1/sec(2), which corresponds to a half-life of 0.22 sec(SRC). Hydrolysis products are expected to include HCl and dichloroacetic acid(SRC). Based upon data obtained from static reactor experiments at 476 to 546 degK, the gas-phase hydrolysis half-life between water and dichloroacetyl chloride in the troposphere has been determined to be in excess of 100 years(3). The rate constant for the gas-phase reaction of dichloroacetyl chloride with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 4.4X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 degC which corresponds to a half-life of 22.8 days in an average atmosphere containing 8X10+5 hydroxyl radicals/cu cm(4).

Dichloroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes on contact with water(1), therefore, bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not possible. (SRC)

Dichloroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes on contact with water(1), therefore, leaching in moist soils will not occur as the compound will be chemically transformed. The hydrolysis product, dichloroacetic acid, should be susceptible to leaching. (SRC)

Dichloroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes on contact with water(1); therefore, volatilization from water or wet soils will not occur(SRC). With a vapor pressure of 25.3 mm Hg at 25 degC(2), dichloroacetyl chloride is expected to evaporate relatively rapidly from dry surfaces(SRC).

Occupational exposure by inhalation and dermal routes related to the commercial production and use of dichloroacetyl chloride may occur. (SRC)

WELDING IN AIR CONTAINING TRICHLORETHYLENE PRODUCES PHOSGENE BY PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF VAPOR. IT IS NOW ESTABLISHED THAT PHOSGENE IS NOT THE MAIN PRODUCT IN THIS REACTION. DICHLOROACETYL CHLORIDE (DCAC) IS FORMED IN A YIELD 5 TIMES THAT OF PHOSGENE.

This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to water quality.

Dichloroacetyl chloride may be released to the environment by fugitive atmospheric emissions resulting from industrial production and use operations. It can be formed in the atmosphere by oxidation of trichloroethylene. If released to moist soil, dichloroacetyl chloride will hydrolyze upon contact with the water. Evaporation from dry surfaces is expected to occur. If released to water, dichloroacetyl chloride will hydrolyze upon contact, forming HCl and dichloroacetic acid. If released to the atmosphere, dichloroacetyl chloride will react in the gas-phase with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals at an estimated half-life rate of 22.8 days. The half-life for the gas-phase tropospheric hydrolysis is in excess of 100 years. Atmospheric wash-out and transformation via rain may be possible. Occupational exposure by inhalation and dermal routes related to the commercial production and use of dichloroacetyl chloride may occur. (SRC)

Dichloroacetyl chloride is not known to occur naturally. (SRC)

Fugitive atmospheric emissions resulting from industrial production and use operations are a potential source of dichloroacteyl chloride release to the environment(SRC). Dichloroacetyl chloride can be formed in the atmosphere by the atmospheric oxidation of trichloroethylene(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Dichloroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes on contact with water(1); therefore, hydrolysis is expected to be the only important environmental fate process in moist soils. Based on a vapor pressure of 25.3 mm Hg at 25 degC(2), dichloroacetyl chloride is expected to evaporate relatively rapidly from dry surfaces. (SRC)

AQUATIC FATE: Dichloroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes on contact with water(1); therefore, hydrolyses is expected to be the only important environmental fate process in water. The hydrolysis products are expected to be HCl and dichloroacetic acid. (SRC)

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: When released to the atmosphere, vapor phase dichloroacetyl chloride is expected to react with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals at a theoretically estimated half-life rate of 22.8 days(1). The tropospheric gas-phase hydrolysis reaction between dichloroacetyl chloride and water has a half-life in excess of 100 years(2). Atmospheric wash-out and transformation via rain may be possible. (SRC)

Dichloroacetyl chloride decomposes upon contact with water or alcohol(1). The rate of hydrolysis in a solution of 89.1% acetone and 10.9% water at -20 degC was experimentally determined to be 3.1 1/sec(2), which corresponds to a half-life of 0.22 sec(SRC). Hydrolysis products are expected to include HCl and dichloroacetic acid(SRC). Based upon data obtained from static reactor experiments at 476 to 546 degK, the gas-phase hydrolysis half-life between water and dichloroacetyl chloride in the troposphere has been determined to be in excess of 100 years(3). The rate constant for the gas-phase reaction of dichloroacetyl chloride with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 4.4X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 degC which corresponds to a half-life of 22.8 days in an average atmosphere containing 8X10+5 hydroxyl radicals/cu cm(4).

Dichloroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes on contact with water(1), therefore, bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not possible. (SRC)

Dichloroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes on contact with water(1), therefore, leaching in moist soils will not occur as the compound will be chemically transformed. The hydrolysis product, dichloroacetic acid, should be susceptible to leaching. (SRC)

Dichloroacetyl chloride hydrolyzes on contact with water(1); therefore, volatilization from water or wet soils will not occur(SRC). With a vapor pressure of 25.3 mm Hg at 25 degC(2), dichloroacetyl chloride is expected to evaporate relatively rapidly from dry surfaces(SRC).

Occupational exposure by inhalation and dermal routes related to the commercial production and use of dichloroacetyl chloride may occur. (SRC)

WELDING IN AIR CONTAINING TRICHLORETHYLENE PRODUCES PHOSGENE BY PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF VAPOR. IT IS NOW ESTABLISHED THAT PHOSGENE IS NOT THE MAIN PRODUCT IN THIS REACTION. DICHLOROACETYL CHLORIDE (DCAC) IS FORMED IN A YIELD 5 TIMES THAT OF PHOSGENE.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.

Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Dichloroacetyl chloride (when spilled in water) [Table#5292]

Table of Water-Reactive Materials Which Produce Toxic Gases. Dichloroacetyl chloride

Table: Materials Which Produce Large Amounts of Toxic-by-Inhalation (TIH) Gas(es) When Spilled in Water [Table#5293]

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for DICHLOROACETYL CHLORIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1765; Dichloroacetyl chloride

49 317 35; Dichloroacetyl chloride

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Corrosive

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: C, N; R: 35-50; S: (1/2)-9-26-45-61

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: II