Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

P203, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (99.5%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (55.3%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H331 (44.7%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H350 (100%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H400 (54.7%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (54.7%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 190 reports by companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P203, P210, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P317, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P319, P320, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases. CAUTION: For Acetyl bromide (UN1716), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

SMALL FIRE: CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors.

· DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U097, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... Summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for DIMETHYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

THE PROCESSES SHOULD ... TAKE PLACE IN WELL VENTILATED PREMISES UNDER A SLIGHT NEGATIVE PRESSURE TO AVOID ANY DIFFUSION OF POLLUTANTS. THE PROCESS PLANT SHOULD BE EQUIPPED WITH LOCAL EXHAUST DEVICES, IN PARTICULAR AT FLANGES, VALVES, ETC, WHERE LEAKS ARE MORE LIKELY TO ARISE.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for DIMETHYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 156 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use alcohol-resistant foam to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2024)

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.015 [ppm]

1.5 [ppm]

9.1 [ppm]

Ca See Appendix A

A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

NIOSH recommends that dimethyl carbamoyl chloride be regulated as a potential human carcinogen.

Ca [N.D.]

See: IDLH INDEX

0.005 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Average (TWA): 0.005 ppm, skin.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A2; Suspected human carcinogen.

0.005 ppm [2006]

· Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

CAUTION: For Acetyl bromide (UN1716), use CO2 or dry chemical only.

Small Fire

· CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Dimethyl carbamoyl chloride:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift.

Provide:

• EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

• QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride appears as a colorless to yellow liquid with a pungent odor. Burns to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. A lachrymator. Used to make dyes and pharmaceuticals.

Clear, colorless liquid; [NIOSH] Noxious odor; [ACGIH]

Clear, colorless liquid.

329 to 333 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

167 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-27 °F (NTP, 1992)

155 °F (NTP, 1992)

Flash point: not available

Decomposes (NTP, 1992)

1.168 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.168 g/cu cm @ 25 °C

1.168 @25 °C

3.73 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

3.73 (Air = 1)

1.95 [mmHg]

1.95 mm Hg @ 25 °C

1.95 [mm Hg] @25 °C

RAPIDLY HYDROLYZES IN WATER TO DIMETHYLAMINE, CARBON DIOXIDE & HYDROCHLORIC ACID; ITS HALF-LIFE @ 0 °C IS ABOUT 6 MIN.

Sensitive to moisture.

WHEN HEATED TO DECOMPOSITION IT EMITS VERY TOXIC FUMES OF /HYDROGEN CHLORIDE AND NITROGEN OXIDES/.

Decomposes in water.

Index of refraction: 1.4529 @ 20 °C/D

Hydrolyzed by water and alcohol.

15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum

Schoenflies notation

Chemical bond

Chemical shift

Internuclear distance

Molecular structure

Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Point group

Quadrupole coupling

Spin-spin coupling constant

Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)

Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Acid Halides

Carcinogens

Corrosives

Mutagens

Flammable agents - 2nd degree

Reactive agents - 1st degree

Reacts with water or moisture in the air to form hydrochloric acid and dimethylcarbamic acid.

Acyl Halides, Sulfonyl Halides, and Chloroformates

Water-Reactive

DIMETHYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDE is water reactive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alcohols, bases (including amines). May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291]. Gives toxic fumes of NOx and HCl when burned (USCG, 1999).

EXTREMELY REACTIVE

WILL REACT WITH WATER OR STEAM TO PRODUCE TOXIC & CORROSIVE FUMES.

Acids, water [Note: Rapidly hydrolyzes in water to dimethylamine, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen chloride].

Acids, water [Note: Rapidly hydrolyzes in water to dimethylamine, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen chloride.]

The Human Health Assessment Group in EPA's Office of Health and Environmental Assessment has evaluated dimethylcarbamoyl chloride carcinogenicity. According to their analysis, the weight-of-evidence for dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is group B2, which is based on inadequate evidence in humans and sufficient evidence in animals. As a group B2 chemical, dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is considered to be probably carcinogenic to humans.

A2; Suspected human carcinogen.

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of dimethylcarbamoyl chloride. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of dimethylcarbamoyl chloride. Overall evaluation: Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). In making the overall evaluation, the Working Group took into consideration that dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is a direct acting alkylating agent with a wide spectrum of genotoxic activity, including activity in somatic cells in vivo.

Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride: reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride

Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans

Volume 12: (1976) Some Carbamates, Thiocarbamates and Carbazides

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Volume 71: (1999) Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3)

NB Overall evaluation upgraded to Group 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat, respiratory system; eye, skin burns; cough, wheezing, larnygitis, dyspnea (breathing difficulty); headache, nausea, vomiting; liver injury; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver

[in animals: nasal cancer]

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 2: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as probable (2a), or possible (2b) human carcinogens.

NTP Carcinogen - Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Suspected Human.

LC50 (rat) = 180 ppm/ 6h

LD50 Rat oral 1 g/kg

LC50 Rat inhalation 180 ppm/6 hr

LD50 Mouse ip 300 mg/kg

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

ONE CASE OF EYE IRRITATION & ONE OF LIVER DISTURBANCES HAVE BEEN OBSERVED IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO DIMETHYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDE.

NO CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATION WAS REPORTED IN 10 WORKERS EXPOSED TO THIS CMPD FOR 4-17 YEARS.

AN ESTIMATE OF TOTAL NUMBER OF WORKERS AT RISK OF DMCC EXPOSURE, MADE IN 1976, WAS < 200. THIS DID NOT INCLUDE POTENTIAL EXPOSURES TO DMCC FORMED IN SIDE REACTIONS DURING THE SYNTHESIS OF OTHER PRODUCTS. NO CASES OF HUMAN CANCER ATTRIBUTABLE TO DMCC HAVE BEEN REPORTED. DUE TO HIGH TOXICITY, HOWEVER, EXPOSURES HAVE APPARENTLY BEEN WELL CONTROLLED.

NO CANCER DEATHS (OUT OF A TOTAL OF SIX DEATHS) OR X-RAY INDICATIONS OF LUNG CANCER WERE REPORTED IN AN INVESTIGATION OF 39 DMCC PRODUCTION WORKERS...26 PROCESSING WORKERS & 42 EX-WORKERS, AGED 17-65 & EXPOSED FOR PERIODS RANGING FROM 6 MO TO 12 YR.

Chromosomal analysis of peripheral lymphocytes from 10 people who had been occupationally exposed to dimethylcarbamoyl chloride (and diethylcarbamoyl chloride) for periods ranging from 4 to 17 years showed differences in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (inclusive and exclusive gaps), when compared with a control group of 10 people matched for age, although statistical evaluation revealed no significant increase.

IN A CHRONIC INHALATION STUDY AT 1 PPM DMCC, SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS OF THE NOSE WERE FOUND IN OVER 90% OF SURVIVING RATS AFTER AN AVERAGE OF 258 EXPOSURE DAYS. A HIGH INCIDENCE OF NASAL-TRACT CARCINOMAS WAS ALSO PRODUCED IN HAMSTERS EXPOSED BY INHALAITON TO DMCC.

OF 50 FEMALE ICR/HA SWISS MICE GIVEN 2 MG ... IN 0.1 ML OF ACETONE ON INTERSCAPULAR REGION THRICE WEEKLY DURING 492 DAYS, 40 DEVELOPED SKIN PAPILLOMAS ... 30 PROGRESSED TO SKIN CARCINOMAS. THE MEDIAN SURVIVAL TIME WAS 386 DAYS, COMPARED WITH 543 DAYS IN 50 CONTROLS RECEIVING ACETONE ONLY ... IN A PRELIMINARY REPORT OF SAME STUDY, 2/26 TREATED & 0/9 CONTROL ANIMALS DYING BEFORE 385 DAYS HAD PAPILLARY TUMORS OF LUNGS.

OF 50 FEMALE ICR/HA SWISS MICE GIVEN WEEKLY SC INJECTIONS OF 5 MG IN ... TRICAPRYLIN FOR 26 WK, 36 DEVELOPED LOCAL SARCOMAS, & 3 HAD LOCAL SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMAS. THE MEDIAN SURVIVAL TIME WAS 280 DAYS, COMPARED WITH 493 DAYS IN CONTROLS RECEIVING THE SOLVENT ALONE. OF 50 CONTROLS, 1 DEVELOPED SARCOMA ... & NONE HAD CARCINOMAS. ... IN PRELIMINARY REPORT OF SAME STUDY, OF 47/50 TREATED & 4/30 CONTROL ANIMALS DYING BEFORE 385 DAYS, 4 OF THE TREATED GROUP & 0 OF THE CONTROL GROUP HAD PAPILLARY TUMORS OF LUNGS. OF 30 FEMALE ICR/HA SWISS MICE GIVEN WEEKLY IP INJECTIONS OF 1 MG DIMETHYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDE IN 0.05 ML TRICAPRYLIN FOR UP TO 450 DAYS (END OF THE EXPERIMENT) 14 DEVELOPED PAPILLARY TUMORS OF LUNGS, COMPARED WITH 10/30 GIVEN TRICAPRYLIN ALONE & WITH 29/100 UNTREATED MICE. 8 TREATED MICE & 1 CONTROL GIVEN SOLVENT ALONE DEVELOPED LOCAL SARCOMAS, & 1 TREATED MOUSE DEVELOPED SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA OF SKIN.

RATS TOLERATED AN 8-MIN EXPOSURE TO AN ATMOSPHERE SATURATED AT 20 °C WITH DIMETHYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDE & SURVIVED 14 DAYS POST-EXPOSURE; BUT WHEN ANIMALS WERE EXPOSED FOR 1 OR 2 HR, 5/6 OR 6/6 DIED, RESPECTIVELY. DIMETHYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDE DAMAGES MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF NOSE, THROAT & LUNGS & CAUSES DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING, SOMETIMES ONLY AFTER SEVERAL DAYS. SKIN APPLICATION OF UNDILUTED DIMETHYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDE TO RATS & RABBITS PRODUCED SKIN IRRITATION, WITH SUBSEQUENT DEGENERATION OF EPIDERMIS & OUTER DERMAL STRUCTURES ... CONJUNCTIVITIS & KERATITIS OCCURRED IN RABBIT'S EYES.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DIMETHYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=79-44-7]

Human exposure is limited to but not restricted to chemical workers, pesticide formulators, dye makers, and pharmaceutical workers. OSHA estimated that 200 workers exposed to DMCC, primarily through inhalation.

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride's production and former use as a chemical intermediate in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.95 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates dimethylcarbamoyl chloride will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dimethylcarbamoyl chloride will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 24 hours. Vapor-phase dimethylcarbamoyl is also expected to hydrolyze in fog and rain. If released to soil or water, dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is expected to hydrolyze rapidly based on a hydrolysis half-life of 54 sec. Volatilization and adsorption are not expected to be important fate processes for dimethylcarbamoyl chloride in water and moist soil because of its rapid hydrolysis. Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation and bioconcentration should also not be important processes for dimethylcarbamoyl chloride because of its rapid chemical hydrolysis. Occupational exposure to dimethylcarbamoyl chloride may have occurred through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dimethylcarbamoyl chloride was produced or used. (SRC)

There are no known natural sources of dimethylcarbamoyl chloride(1).

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride's production and former use as a chemical intermediate in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.95 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates dimethylcarbamoyl chloride will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dimethylcarbamoyl chloride will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 24 hours. Vapor-phase dimethylcarbamoyl is also expected to hydrolyze in fog and rain. If released to soil or water, dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is expected to hydrolyze rapidly based on a hydrolysis half-life of 54 sec. Volatilization and adsorption are not expected to be important fate processes for dimethylcarbamoyl chloride in water and moist soil because of its rapid hydrolysis. Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation and bioconcentration should also not be important processes for dimethylcarbamoyl chloride because of its rapid chemical hydrolysis. Occupational exposure to dimethylcarbamoyl chloride may have occurred through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dimethylcarbamoyl chloride was produced or used. (SRC)

There are no known natural sources of dimethylcarbamoyl chloride(1).

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride's production and former use as a chemical intermediate in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides(1) may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is released to soil, it will be expected to rapidly hydrolyze if the soil is moist, based upon a half-life of 54 sec at 14 °C(SRC) calculated from a measured hydrolysis rate constant(1). Since it rapidly hydrolyzes, adsorption to and volatilization from moist soil are not expected to be significant processes, although no data specifically regarding the fate of dimethylcarbamoyl chloride in soil were located(SRC). The potential for volatilization of dimethylcarbamoyl chloride from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.95 mm Hg(2). Biodegradation should not be an important process since hydrolysis is such a rapid process(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: If dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is released to water, it will be expected to rapidly hydrolyze, based upon a half-life of 54 sec at 14 °C(SRC) calculated from a measured hydrolysis rate constant(1). The products of hydrolysis are dimethylamine, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen chloride(2). Since it rapidly hydrolyzes, bioconcentration, volatilization, and adsorption to sediment and suspended solids are not expected to be significant processes(SRC). No data were located concerning biodegradation, but dimethylcarbamoyl chloride probably abiotically degrades via hydrolysis significantly faster than via biodegradation(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dimethylcarbamoyl chloride, which has a vapor pressure of 1.95 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 24 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 16X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). The hydrolysis half-life for dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is 54 sec(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 12.76X10-3 sec-1(4), which suggests that vapor-phase dimethylcarbamoyl chloride will rapidly hydrolyze in fog and rain(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dimethylcarbamoyl chloride with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 16X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 24 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The measured overall rate constant for hydrolysis of dimethylcarbamoyl chloride in aqueous solution at approx 14 °C is 12.76X10-3 sec-1(2). This corresponds to a half-life of 54 sec for hydrolysis(SRC). A half-life of 6 minutes has been reported for hydrolysis at 0 °C(3). The products of hydrolysis are dimethylamine, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen chloride(3).

Since dimethylcarbamoyl chloride rapidly hydrolyzes in water(1), bioconcentration of dimethylcarbamoyl chloride in aquatic organisms is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC).

Since dimethylcarbamoyl chloride rapidly hydrolyzes in water and moist soil(1), adsorption to soil is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC).

Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride rapidly hydrolyzes in water with a half-life of 54 sec at 14 °C(SRC) calculated from a measured hydrolysis rate constant(1). Due to rapid hydrolysis in water, volatilization of dimethylcarbamoyl chloride from water and moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC). The potential for volatilization of dimethylcarbamoyl chloride from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.95 mm Hg(2).

Occupational exposure to dimethylcarbamoyl chloride may have occurred through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dimethylcarbamoyl chloride was produced or used(SRC). Concns as high as 1.5 ppm have been measured in the air of a plant where dimethylcarbamoyl chloride was manufactured(1). Workers in this plant apparently wore respirators and gloves during evacuation and cleaning of the closed systems used to make the chemical(1).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U097, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... Summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for DIMETHYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 156: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible/Water-Sensitive)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for DIMETHYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

IMO 8.0; N,N,DIMETHYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDE

UN 2262; N,N-Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Corrosive