2-nitropropane

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P318, P330, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H331 (61.3%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H332 (38.7%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H341 (61%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350 (99.7%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H412 (66.4%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P316, P317, P318, P321, P330, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 333 reports by companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Not Classified

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

P203, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: "Alcohol" foam; water may be ineffective.

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide (USCG, 1999)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire exposed containers cool. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance. /nitropropanes/

Alcohol foam and water may be ineffective.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Nitropropanes/

...Although only moderately volatile, its vapor forms flammable or explosive mixtures with air.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

After covering the spills with soda ash, mix and spray with water. Scoop into a bucket of water and leave it stand for two hours. Neutralize with 6M-hydrochloric acid and pass into drain with sufficient water.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured and the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed and labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /nitropropanes/

Environmental consideration: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /nitropropanes/

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /nitropropanes/

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers U171 and F005, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Nitropropane is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Large quantities of material may require nitrogen oxide removal by catalytic or scrubbing process. /Nitropropane/

A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2-NITROPROPANE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/Use/ barrier creams...to protect exposed skin. ...

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food and beverage containers or utensils, and the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, and rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes and wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece and close-fitting at ankles and wrists), gloves, hair covering and overshoes. ... Clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves and gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, and disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2-NITROPROPANE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical in a freezer and away from all mineral acids and bases. (NTP, 1992)

Fireproof. Separated from strong bases, strong acids, amines, powdered metals and food and feedstuffs.

Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated location. Separate from amines, alkalies, acids, oxidizing materials, metal oxides, and combustibles. Outside or detached storage is preferred /nitropropanes/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen and date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

6.0 [ppm]

17 [ppm]

100 [ppm]

Ca See Appendix A

25.0 [ppm]

25 ppm (90 mg/m³)

TWA 25 ppm (90 mg/m3) See Appendix G

100 ppm ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

100.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and severe headache have been reported in workers exposed to daily concentrations of 20 to 45 ppm [Skinner 1947].

100 ppm; NIOSH considers 2-nitropropane to be a potential occupational carcinogen.

Ca [100 ppm]

See: 79469

10.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 10 ppm

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

10 ppm as TWA; A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans).

10 ppm [1992]

skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 2

Maximum allowable conc (MAC) USSR 30 mg/cu m

Denmark TWA 10 ppm (36 mg/cu m), A3

Finland TWA 5 ppm (18 mg/cu m); STEL 40 ppm (150 mg/cu m)

France carcinogen

For more Other Standards Regulations and Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-NITROPROPANE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The vapour is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. The substance is mildly irritating to the skin. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. Exposure far above the OEL could cause liver impairment and death.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for 2-Nitropropane:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET (FLAMMABLE) - Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard (i.e., for liquids with a flash point <100 °F).

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift. (NIOSH, 2024)

Workers exposure should be minimized, but special regulated areas, resp protection, and protective clothing are not considered essential at this time.

/Wear/ self-contained breathing apparatus; safety goggles or face shield; rubber gloves.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece and close-fitting at ankles and wrists), gloves, hair covering and overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves and gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, and disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 2-NITROPROPANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration:

2-nitropropane appears as colorless liquid with a mild fruity odor. May float on or sink in water. (USCG, 1999)

Colorless liquid with a pleasant, fruity odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS OILY LIQUID.

Colorless liquid with a pleasant, fruity odor.

Colorless liquid

Pleasant fruity odor.

248.5 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

120.2 °C

120.2 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-135 °F (NTP, 1992)

-91.3 °C

75 °F (NTP, 1992)

24 °C (75 °F)(closed cup)

39 °C (closed cup), 24 °C (open cup)

38 °C (open cup) /from table/

24 °C c.c.

greater than or equal to 0.1 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)

Soluble in chloroform

Miscible with most aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, ethers, and the lower carboxylic acids

In water, 1.70X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 1.7

0.99 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.9821 g/cu cm at 25 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.99

0.9821 @25 °C

3.06 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

3.06 (Air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.1

12.9 mmHg at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

17.2 [mmHg]

1.72X10+1 mm Hg at 25 °C /Extrapolated/

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 1.7

7.5 [mm Hg] @10.7 °C

log Kow = 0.93

Henry's Law constant = 1.19X10-4 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

It is stable under ordinary circumstances, but may undergo explosive decomposition under conditions of extreme shock combined with heavy confinement and elevated temperature.

802 °F (USCG, 1999)

Ignition temp: 802 °F (428 °C)

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.

May decompose explosively under fire conditions. /nitropropanes/

Highly flammable.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Highly Flammable

2-NITROPROPANE is sensitive to heat. Can react with amines/heavy metal oxides, strong acids, strong alkalis, and chlorosulfonic acid. (NTP, 1992). The heat of adsorption of this compound on carbon, such as that found in cartridge respirators, is extremely high. Metal oxide catalysts, such as copper oxide or manganese oxide, can initiate ignition, therefore carbon respirators should not be used in environments that have a high vapor concentration of this material.

Mixing oleum and 2-nitropropane in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase.

Mixing chlorosulfonic acid and 2-nitropropane in a closed container caused the temperature to increase.

May attack some forms of plastic.

May be chlorinated in the presence of alkali, condensed with carbonyl cmpd to give nitro alcohols, or hydrogenated to isopropylamine.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for 2-NITROPROPANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Amines; strong acids, alkalis & oxidizers; metal oxides; combustible materials

2-Nitropropane

2 x 10 ^-2 mg/m^3

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of 2-nitropropane in humans. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of 2-nitropropane. Overall evaluation: 2-Nitropropane is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).

2-Nitropropane: reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 29: (1982) Some Industrial Chemicals and Dyestuffs

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Volume 71: (1999) Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Headache. Nausea. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Weakness. Shortness of breath.

Dry skin. Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, respiratory system; headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; kidney, liver damage; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, kidneys, liver

[in animals: liver tumors]

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Occupational hepatotoxin - Primary hepatotoxins: the toxic effect to the liver is the principal adverse effect of the chemical.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

IARC Carcinogen - Class 3: Chemicals are not classifiable by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

NTP Carcinogen - Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.

1 x 10^-3 mg/kg-day

7 x 10^-2 mg/m^3

PDF Document

Likely to be carcinogenic to humans

SCREEN Current

IRIS Current

PPRTV Current

LC50 (rat) = 400 ppm/6H

LD50 Sprague-Dawley Rat oral 720 mg/kg

LC50 Sprague-Dawley Rat (male) inhalation 400 ppm/6 hr

LC50 Rat inhalation 1513 ppm/4.5 hr /from table/

LC50 Rat inhalation 3712 ppm/1 hr /from table/

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-NITROPROPANE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The effect of diphenyl diselenide, (PhSe)2, administration on 2-nitropropane (2-NP)-induced hepatic damage was examined in male rats. Rats were pre-treated with a single dose of diphenyl diselenide (10, 50 or 100 micromol/kg). Afterward, they received only one dose of 2-NP (100 mg/kg bw dissolved in olive oil). The parameters that indicate tissue damage such as plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), creatinine and urea were determined. Since toxicity induced by 2-NP is related to oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation was also evaluated. Diphenyl diselenide (100 micromol/kg) significantly reduced plasma ALT, gamma-GGT, AFP levels when compared to 2-NP group. Treatment with diphenyl diselenide, at all doses, effectively protects the increase of lipid peroxidation when compared to 2-NP group. Histological examination revealed that 2-NP treatment causes a moderate swelling and degenerative alterations on hepatocytes and diphenyl diselenide (100 micromol/kg) protects against these alterations. Diphenyl diselenide (50 and 100 micromol/kg) significantly decreased the urea level. This study evidences the protective effect of diphenyl diselenide by 2-NP-induced acute hepatic damage.

LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 4.71 mg/L/96 hr (confidence limit 4.46 - 4.98 mg/L), flow-through bioassay with measured concentrations, 26.0 °C, dissolved oxygen 6.9 mg/L, hardness 44.3 mg/l calcium carbonate, alkalinity 44.2 mg/L calcium carbonate, and pH 7.8.

LC50 Brachydanio rerio (Zebrafish) 620 mg/L/48 hr; closed system, static

EC50 Scenedesmus subspicatus (Algae; inhibition of growth rate) 1088 mg/L/72 hr; closed system with aeration

EC50 Daphnia magna (Water flea, 6-24 hr old; immobilization) 290 mg/L/24 hr; static

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ At 22 °C the 96-hr LC50 for fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) was >210 mg/L. Aeration of the holding tanks during the toxicity test produced flawed results because 2-NP was lost continuously by volatilization and a nominal highest concentration of 612.5 mg/L was reduced to 496 mg/L at the start of the test and to 210 mg/L by 96 hr. There was no significant mortality at concentrations of 2-NP below 210 mg/L although at lower concentrations it did produce severe (though undescribed) sublethal effects.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The lowest concentration of 2-NP in sea water inducing narcosis in barnacle larvae at 18-22 °C was approximately 0.7-0.8 g/L.

/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ Observations on non-mammalian terrestrial organisms are limited to two related species, the oriental fruit fly (Dacus dorsalis) and the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata). ... The 2-hr LC50 values for eggs and larvae of the oriental fruit fly were >103 and 75 g/cu m (>28,300 and 20,600 ppm), respectively, and for the Mediterranean fruit fly, >103 and 35 g/cu m (>28,300 and 9600 ppm), respectively. These observations, in summary, suggest a fairly low acute toxicity to non-mammalian organisms.

6.40e-02

2.80e-01

4.80e-03

2.10e-02

9.70e-03

1.00e+03

5.80e-04

2.00e-02

Volatile

4.86e+03

6.40e+00

2.80e+01

4.80e-01

2.10e+00

9.70e-01

2-Nitropropane's production and use as a solvent in inks, paints, adhesives, varnishes, and polymers, a solvent for vinyl and epoxy coatings, an ingredient in rocket propellent, and a gasoline additive may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 17.2 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-nitropropane will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-nitropropane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 95 days. 2-Nitropropane is expected to undergo direct photolysis in the atmosphere based on 95% degradation after 24 hours and a half-life of 9.8 days measured during tests for photodegradation. If released to soil, 2-nitropropane is expected to have very high mobility based upon Koc values of 0.11 and 3.8. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.19X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. The pKa of 2-nitropropane is 7.68, indicating that this compound will partially exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. 2-Nitropropane may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation in soil is expected to be slow based on 3.0 and 1.2% conversion to CO2 in aerobic and anaerobic soil, respectively after 35 days. If released into water, 2-nitropropane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc values. Biodegradation in water is expected to be slow based on 0.8% mineralization after 5 days using activated sludge and 0.1-14% degradation in 28 day closed bottle tests. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. A pKa of 7.68 indicates 2-nitropropane will exist partially in the anion form at neutral and basic pH and therefore volatilization from water surfaces may be hindered under these conditions. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6 hours and 6 days, respectively. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 2-nitropropane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-nitropropane is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to 2-nitropropane via inhalation of ambient air and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing 2-nitropropane. (SRC)

Alkyl nitrates are formed as secondary products of the photooxidation of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere in the presence of NOX(1).

2-Nitropropane's production and use as a solvent in inks, paints, adhesives, varnishes, and polymers(1), a solvent for vinyl and epoxy coatings, an ingredient in rocket propellent, and a gasoline additive(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 0.11 and 3.8(2), indicate that 2-nitropropane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-nitropropane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.19X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from a vapor pressure of 17.2 mm Hg(3) and a water solubility of 1.70X10+4 mg/L(4). 2-Nitropropane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon the estimated vapor pressure(3). Half-lives of 2-nitropropane measured during aerobic batch laboratory microcosm experiments were 0.66 days in an acid clay soil (0.94% OC, pH 4.8) and 0.5 days in a basic sandy loam soil (3.25% OC, pH 7.8)(5,6). However, experiments were not corrected for potential loss due to volatilization(5,6). Biodegradation in soil is expected to be slow based on 3.0 and 1.2% conversion to CO2 in aerobic and anaerobic soil, respectively, after 35 days(7,8).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 0.11 and 3.8(2), indicate that 2-nitropropane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.19X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from a vapor pressure of 17.2 mm Hg(4) and a water solubility of 1.70X10+4 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6 hours and 6 days, respectively(SRC). The pKa of 2-nitropropane is 7.68(6), indicating that this compound will partially exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(7). According to a classification scheme(8), BCF values of <8.4(9,10), suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation in water is expected to be slow based on 0.8% mineralization after 5 days using activated sludge and 0.1-14% degradation in 28 day closed-bottle test(9-11).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-nitropropane, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 17.2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-nitropropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 95 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.60X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 2-Nitropropane is expected to undergo direct photolysis in the atmosphere based on 95% degradation after 24 hours and a half-life of 9.8 days measured during tests for photodegradation(4,5).

AEROBIC: 2-Nitropropane, present at 2.0 and 9.9 mg/L, reached 14 and 8% of its theoretical BOD, respectively in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 2 mg/L and a closed bottle test(1). When 2-nitropropane was incubated with activated sludge, 0.8% mineralization occurred in 5 days(2,3). During a closed bottle biodegradability test, using a municipal sewage plant effluent innoculum, 0.1% degradation of 2-nitropropane occurred within 28 days(2,3). Aerobic C14 studies performed with soil microorganisms resulted in 3.0% conversion to CO2 in 35 days(2,3). During this time 28.8% was lost as volatile products during the aerobic studies(2,3). Half-lives of 2-nitropropane measured during aerobic batch laboratory microcosm experiments were 0.66 days in an acid clay soil (0.94% OC, pH 4.8) and 0.5 days in a basic sandy loam soil (3.25% OC, pH 7.8)(4,5). However, experiments were not corrected for potential loss due to volatilization(4,5).

ANAEROBIC: Anaerobic C14 studies performed with soil microorganisms resulted in 1.2% conversion to CO2 in 35 days(1,2). During this time, 42.8% was lost as volatile products during the anaerobic studies(1,2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-nitropropane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 2.60X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 95 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). 2-Nitropropane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3). 2-Nitropropane absorbs UV light > 290 nm(4,5) and by analogy with nitromethane and nitroethane undergoes a primary dissociative process forming free radicals(5). The atmospheric half-life due to photolysis using solar irradiation measured at 40 deg N latittude on April 1 was 9.8 days(6). Photodegradation of 2-nitropropane in the gas phase has been measured according to the Fujiki Test; this test uses three 360 nm and three 300 nm emitting lamps and Pyrex glass reaction tubes(7). After 24 hours, degradation of greater than 95% was reported for 2-nitropropane(7).

A BCF value of 1 was measured for fish (Golden ide) in a static 3-day test with 2-nitropropane present at 50 ppb(1). BCF values of <0.9-1.1 and <8.4 were determined using orange-red killifish (Oryzias latipes) which were exposed over an 8-week period(2). According to a classification scheme(3), these BCF values suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Based on Freundlich adsorption constants of 0.99354 for a Texas sandy silt loam soil (3.25% OC, pH 7.8) and 0.354 for a Mississippi sandy loam soil (0.94% OC, pH 4.8), Koc values determined for these two soils are 0.11 and 3.8, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these Koc values suggest that 2-nitropropane is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of 2-nitropropane is 7.68(3), indicating that this compound will partially exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).

The Henry's Law constant for 2-nitropropane is estimated as 1.19X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 17.2 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1.70X10-4 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-nitropropane is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 6 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 6 days(SRC). A pKa of 7.68(4) indicates 2-nitropropane will exist partially in the anion form at neutral and basic pH and therefore volatilization from water surfaces may be hindered under these conditions(SRC). 2-Nitropropane's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 2-nitropropane from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 9,818 workers (1,817 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 2-nitropropane in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 2-nitropropane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-nitropropane is produced or used(SRC). The general population may be exposed to 2-nitropropane via inhalation of ambient air and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing 2-nitropropane(SRC).

In a 2-nitropropane production plant in Sterlington, LA, 141 of 144 samples were in the range 0.2-10 ppm whereas 3 samples ranged between 10-100 ppm (2 in spill areas)(1). Earlier monitoring studies indicated that 580-1640 ppm were obtained during drum filling operations(2). Concentrations of 2-nitropropane measured during lacquer spraying operations were 10-30 ppm(2). Area monitoring results in a plant where 2-nitropropane was used as a liquid extractant ranged from 23 to 120 ppm, while personal time-weighted average levels for process operator and others ranged from not detected to 15 ppm(3).

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES: CONCENTRATIONS IN 1 PLANT WHERE 2 WORKERS WERE ENGAGED FOR NOT MORE THAN 4 HR A DAY & 3 DAYS A WEEK IN SPRAYING & STACKING BATTERY CASES VARIED FROM 10 TO 30 PPM & NEITHER ... HAD NOTICED ANY ILL EFFECTS.

Eleven percent of samples of expired air from a carefully selected urban population of 54 normal, healthy, non-smoking individuals (387 samples) contained 2-nitropropane with a geometric mean concn of 0.406 ng/L(1).

/After occupational expossure/ one of the survivors had a 2-NP serum concentration of 8.5 mg/L when hospitalized. ... his coworker hospitalized at the same time with a serum concentration of 13 mg/L subsequently died, ...

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers U171 and F005, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Nitropropane is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Large quantities of material may require nitrogen oxide removal by catalytic or scrubbing process. /Nitropropane/

A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2-NITROPROPANE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Nitropropanes/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Nitropropanes/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Nitropropanes/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Nitropropanes/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-NITROPROPANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2608; Nitropropanes

IMO 3.3; Nitropropanes

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped and will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle and the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies and airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary and secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen and is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container and the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest and most secure form of transport and notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Flammable Liquid

Symbol: T; R: 45-10-20/22; S: 53-45; Note: E

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III