1,1'-Biphenyl, mixt. with 1,1'-oxybis(benzene)

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 4 reports by companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Phenyl ether-biphenyl mixture (vapor):

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: SOAP WASH PROMPTLY - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. (NIOSH, 2024)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Water fog, foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical (USCG, 1999)

WATER, FOAM, CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEMICAL. /DIPHENYL OXIDE/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

TWA 1 ppm (7 mg/m3)

1.0 [ppm]

10 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

10.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Human data: Concentrations ranging from 7 to 10 ppm have caused burning of the eyes, irritation of the respiratory tract, and severe nausea [ILO 1971].

See: 8004135

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Phenyl ether-biphenyl mixture (vapor):

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift. (NIOSH, 2024)

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 10 ppm. Respirator Class(es): Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode. Eye protection needed. Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a high-efficiency particulate filter. Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister having a high-efficiency particulate filter. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a dust and mist filter. Eye protection needed. Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece.

Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concn or IDLH conditions: Respirator Class(es): Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.

Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Escape from suddenly occurring respiratory hazards: Respirator Class(es): Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister having a high-efficiency particulate filter. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.

NIOSH/OSHA

Up to 10 ppm:

(APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode

(APF = 50) Any air-purifying full-facepiece respirator equipped with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with an N100, R100, or P100 filter.

Click here for information on selection of N, R, or P filters.

(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister having an N100, R100, or P100 filter.

(APF = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge in combination with a high-efficiency particulate filter.

(APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece

(APF = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece

Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions:

(APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode

(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus

Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus

Important additional information about respirator selection

Dowtherm appears as light to dark brown fragrant liquid. May float or sink in water. Freezing point is 54 °F. (USCG, 1999)

Colorless to straw-colored liquid or solid (below 54 degrees F) with a disagreeable, aromatic odor. [Note: A mixture typically contains 75% phenyl ether & 25% biphenyl.]; [NIOSH]

Colorless to straw-colored liquid or solid (below 54 °F) with a disagreeable, aromatic odor. [Note: A mixture typically contains 75% phenyl ether & 25% biphenyl.]

Colorless to straw-colored liquid or solid (below 54 degrees F) ... [Note: A mixture typically contains 75% phenyl ether & 25% biphenyl].

... Disagreeable aromatic odor.

494 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

54 °F (USCG, 1999)

255 °F (USCG, 1999)

255 °F OC.

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2024)

SOL IN ALC, ETHER, BENZENE; INSOL IN WATER

Insoluble

1.06 at 69.8 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.06 @ 25 °C/25 °C

(77 °F): 1.06

0.08 mmHg at 77 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

0.08 [mmHg]

0.08 MM HG @ 25 °C

(77 °F): 0.08 mmHg

1150 °F (USCG, 1999)

CONVERSION FACTORS @ 25 °C & 760 MM HG: 1 PPM= APPROX 6.79 MG/CU M; 1 MG/L= APPROX 147.3 PPM

log octanol/water partition coefficient = 4.55 /2-Biphenyl phenyl ether/

Other Classes -> Other Aromatic Compounds

Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aromatic

DOWTHERM is incompatible with the following: Strong oxidizers (NIOSH, 2024).

Strong oxidizers.

Strong oxidizers

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, nose, skin; nausea

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

When concn of 3 or 4 ppm in air are reached, there is irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. In one instance a man received in the eyes a spray of fine droplets of Dowtherm under pressure. He felt no immediate discomfort, but within five minutes he began to feel stinging and burning of the eyes and also of the skin about his eyes; his discomfort was relieved immediately when the eyes and skin were washed with a bland oil. Slit lamp biomicroscopic examination shortly thereafter revealed no corneal injury.

SUMMARY TOXICITY STATEMENT /ACUTE/= MODERATE IRRITANT TO SKIN, EYES & MUCOUS MEMBRANE. MODERATE= MAY CAUSE REVERSIBLE OR IRREVERSIBLE CHANGES TO EXPOSED TISSUE, NOT PERMANENT INJURY OR DEATH; CAN CAUSE CONSIDERABLE DISCOMFORT.

SMALL GROUPS OF RATS WERE GIVEN REPEATED DOSES BY STOMACH TUBE...0.5-1.0 G/KG...5 DAYS/WK UNTIL 132 DOSES WERE ADMIN...RATS RECEIVING 0.5 G/KG DAILY SHOWED ONLY SLIGHT DEPRESSION OF GROWTH & SLIGHT WT INCR OF LIVER & KIDNEYS; THERE WERE NO HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES.

...RATS RECEIVING 1.0 G/KG DAILY /BY STOMACH TUBE/ SHOWED MODERATE DEPRESSION OF GROWTH, WITH SLIGHT TO MODERATE HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN KIDNEYS, & SLIGHT CHANGES IN LIVER & SPLEEN. KIDNEY SHOWED DEGENERATION OF TUBULES & HYALINE CAST FORMATION. ...LIVER ENLARGEMENT UP TO 188% NORMAL...

WHEN APPLIED DAILY TO EAR OF RABBIT, UNDILUTED DOWTHERM A PRODUCED BUT A SLIGHT IRRITATION MANIFESTED BY HYPEREMIA, EDEMA, EXFOLIATION, HAIR LOSS & ENLARGEMENT OF HAIR FOLLICLES...

EYE CONTACT WITH LIQ DOWTHERM A CAUSES PAIN & CONJUNCTIVAL IRRITATION BUT NO NECROSIS IN RABBIT.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DOWTHERM A (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Dowtherm (CAS # 8004-13-5) was evaluated for acute inhalation toxicity in 10 albino rats (sex and strain not indicated) by a single 8-hour exposure to vapor concentrations of 83.4 mg/l. The use of controls was not reported. All rats died within 24 hours of the beginning of exposure (5 rats died during exposure). No LD50 was determined and no clinical signs or necropsy results were reported.

Subchronic dermal toxicity was evaluated in a group of 4 New Zealand albino rabbits receiving 50 mg/kg/day applications of Dowtherm A to the clipped backs for a total of 20 consecutive applications; a control group containing 8 rabbits was also included in the study. Mortality was not observed. Clinical observations revealed mild to moderate erythema and edema. There were no treatment-related differences with respect to body weight changes, gross pathology, or testicular weights. No additional parameters were evaluated.

Dowtherm A (CAS # 8004-13-5) was evaluated for subchronic oral toxicity in a 30-day dietary feeding study in young and old rats. The test substance was administered at a dosage level of 175 mg/kg/day (5 females) and 600 mg/kg/day (5 females). No mortality or changes in the physical appearance or behavior occurred. Reduced body weights (day 29) and significant increases in brain to body weight ratios were observed in the 175 mg/kg/day. Reduced body weight gains were observed in the 600 mg/kg/day on days 3, 7, and 14. Dowtherm A appears not to affect liver or heart weight.

USE OF DOWTHERM INVOLVES SERIOUS DIFFICULTIES BECAUSE, EVEN THOUGH IT IS HEATED & KEPT IN CLOSED SYSTEM, SMALL QUANTITIES OF LIQ OR VAPOR MAY ESCAPE FROM JOINTS OR GASKETS, THUS POLLUTING ATMOSPHERE.

USE OF DOWTHERM INVOLVES SERIOUS DIFFICULTIES BECAUSE, EVEN THOUGH IT IS HEATED & KEPT IN CLOSED SYSTEM, SMALL QUANTITIES OF LIQ OR VAPOR MAY ESCAPE FROM JOINTS OR GASKETS, THUS POLLUTING ATMOSPHERE.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.