azinphos-methyl

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (90.3%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 62 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Refer for medical attention .

Warning: Effects may be delayed up to 12 hours. Caution is advised.

Note: Azinphos-methyl is a cholinesterase inhibitor.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Azinphos-Methyl Exposure: Acute exposure to azinphos-methyl may produce the following signs and symptoms: pinpoint pupils, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, muscle spasms, and profound weakness. Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, seizures, and coma may also occur. The heart rate may decrease following oral exposure or increase following dermal exposure. Chest pain may be noted. Hypotension (low blood pressure) may be observed, although hypertension (high blood pressure) is not uncommon. Respiratory symptoms include dyspnea (shortness of breath), respiratory depression, and respiratory paralysis. Psychosis may occur.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to azinphos-methyl may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to azinphos-methyl.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to azinphos-methyl.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas three times with soap and water.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of azinphos-methyl is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4.Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of azinphos-methyl may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. Large fires: water spray, fog, or foam. (EPA, 1998)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode /when fighting fire/.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Containers ... should be cleaned with a suspension of bleaching powder in water or with other alkaline soln after soaking for 24 hr and then be rinsed with hot water. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Do not contaminate /downstream/ water when disposing of equipment washwater or rinsate. /Azinphosmethyl 50W Soluble/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

This highly toxic material is rapidly hydrolyzed by cold alkali. Use 5 parts by volume 4% wt/vol sodium hydroxide soln to 1 volume of pesticide. Hydrolysis is improved by making the sodium hydroxide soln in 50% ethanol. ... Large amt - Incinerate in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Hydrolysis: Alkaline hydrolysis leads to complete degradation: the alkaline salt of dimethyldithiophosphoric acid and the anthranilic acid formed are nontoxic. Oxidation: Complete degradation but the gutoxon formed is equally toxic. For the decontamination of glass and metal containers triple rinse and use of a rinse soln containing caustic soda and detergent are considered.

Pesticide Disposal: Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous. Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal law. If these cannot be disposed of by use according to label instruction, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency, or the Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. /Azinphosmethyl 50W Soluble/

Container Disposal: Completely empty bad into application equipment. Then dispose of empty bag into a sanitary landfill or by incineration, or, if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning. If burned, stay out of smoke. /Azinphosmethyl 50W Soluble/

Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. /Azinphosmethyl 50W Soluble/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for AZINPHOSMETHYL (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Well closed.

Store in a cool dry area, away from excessive heat or open flame. Store 2L formulation above 45 °F; others above 32 °F. Store in an area designated specifically for pesticides.

Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or disposal. /Azinphosmethyl 50W Soluble/

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

1.0 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

0.6 [mg/m3]

0.7 [mg/m3]

20 [mg/m3]

0.2 mg/m³

TWA 0.2 mg/m3 [skin]

0.2 [mg/m3]

10 mg/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)

10.0 [mg/m3]

10 mg/cu m

10 mg/mg³

10 mg/m3

See: 86500

0.2 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction and vapor

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.2 mg/cu m, skin, sensitizer. /Inhalable fraction and vapor/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: cholinesterase activity in red blood cells; Sampling Time: discretionary; BEI: 70% of individual's baseline. The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals. /Acetylcholinesterase inhibiting pesticides/

(inhalable fraction): 1 mg/m

Acute Inhalation: 0.02 mg/m3 (L134)

Intermediate Inhalation: 0.01 mg/m3 (L134)

Chronic Inhalation: 0.01 mg/m3 (L134)

Acute Oral: 0.01 mg/kg/day (L134)

Intermediate Oral: 0.003 mg/kg/day (L134)

Chronic Oral: mg/kg/day (L134)

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly on spraying or when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance may cause effects on the nervous system. This may result in convulsions and respiratory failure. Cholinesterase inhibition. Exposure could cause unconsciousness and death. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

Cholinesterase inhibition. Cumulative effects are possible. See Acute Hazards/Symptoms.

Tolerances for residues of the insecticide O,O-dimethyl S-[(4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3(4H)-yl)methyl]phosphorodithioate in or on the following raw agricultural commodities:[Table#2939]

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Azinphos-methyl:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Provide: QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.]

Respirator Recommendations: Up to 2 mg/cu m:[Table#2941]

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for AZINPHOSMETHYL (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NIOSH/OSHA

Up to 2 mg/m3 :

(APF = 10) Any air-purifying half-mask respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with an N95, R95, or P95 filter. The following filters may also be used: N99, R99, P99, N100, R100, P100.

Azinphos methyl is a colorless brown, waxy or white crystalline solid dissolved in a liquid carrier. It is used as a pesticide. It is added to water to create a water emulsifiable liquid. It is toxic by inhalation, skin absorption, and/or ingestion. It is heavier than and insoluble in water. In case of damage to, leaking from containers of this material contact CHEMTREC, 800-424-9300.

Colorless crystals or a brown, waxy solid. [insecticide]; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS CRYSTALS.

Colorless crystals or a brown, waxy solid.

Colorless crystals or a brown, waxy solid. [insecticide]

Yellowish crystals

Crystals from methanol

Brown, waxy solid

Colorless to white crystalline solid

Odorless

Decomposes (NTP, 1992)

decomposes

Decomposes

163 to 165 °F (EPA, 1998)

73-74 °C

Cream to yellow-brown granular solid, MP: 67-70 °C /Technical/

less than 1 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)

Soluble in methanol, ethanol, and propylene glycol, xylene, other organic solvents.

In dichloroethane, acetone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, and dimethyl sulfoxide, the solubility is >250 g/L at 20 °C; n-heptane, 1.2 g/L at 20 °C; xylene, 170 g/L at 20 °C

In toluene, dichloromethane, >20 g/L

Readily soluble in most organic solvents (toluene, chloroform, acetonitrile, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorobenzene), slightly soluble in 1-propanol.

In water, 20.9 mg/L at 20 °C

Solubility in water: none

1.44 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.44 g/cu cm at 20 °C

1.4 g/cm³

1.44 @25 °C

Negligible at 20C (EPA, 1998)

0.00000001 [mmHg]

2.0X10-7 mm Hg at 20 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C:

8 X 10-9 mmHg

8 x 10-9 mmHg

log Kow = 2.75

Solutions in ethanol and propylene glycol are stable for at least 3 weeks.

High temperatures cause gas evolution and may develop pressure in sealed containers.

Rapidly hydrolyzed in alkaline and acidic media ... Photodegrades on soil surfaces and readily photodegrades in water. Decomposes above 200 °C.

... Decomposes at elevated temperatures.

When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /phosphorous oxides, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides/.

Non-corrosive

Insoluble in water. What little amount is solubilized will readily hydrolyze.

Amides and Imides

Azo, Diazo, Azido, Hydrazine, and Azide Compounds

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

The BPS Pesticide incident in Helena resulted in an explosion and death of three firemen. The burning of a 1,000 pound sack of Azinphos Methyl or the flashing of Maneb which was present on the facility may have caused the explosion. Azinphos Ethyl may behave similarly. At elevated temperatures, it will decompose generating toxic gases.

Incompatibilities: Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fires and explosions.

Incompatible with alkaline materials.

Strong oxidizers, acids.

Strong oxidizers, acids

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

Guthion is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase inhibitor (or 'anticholinesterase') suppresses the action of acetylcholinesterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholinesterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses, followed by muscle spasms and ultimately death. Nerve gases and many substances used in insecticides have been shown to act by binding a serine in the active site of acetylcholine esterase, inhibiting the enzyme completely. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop. Among the most common acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are phosphorus-based compounds, which are designed to bind to the active site of the enzyme. The structural requirements are a phosphorus atom bearing two lipophilic groups, a leaving group (such as a halide or thiocyanate), and a terminal oxygen.

Azinphos-methyl

Pesticide

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Cancer Classification: Not Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

Azinphosmethyl

TR-069: Bioassay of Azinphosmethyl for Possible Carcinogenicity (CASRN 86-50-0) (1978 )

06/29/78

Equivocal Evidence

No Evidence

It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, neoplasms of the thyroid and pancreatic islets suggest but do not provide sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of azinphosmethyl in male Osborne-Mendel rats. Azinphosmethyl was not shown to be carcinogenic in female Osborne-Mendel rats or in B6C3F1 mice of either sex.

Spraying and application of nonarsenical insecticides entail exposures that are probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). (L135)

Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Certain reproductive effects in fertility, growth, and development for males and females have been linked specifically to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Most of the research on reproductive effects has been conducted on farmers working with pesticides and insecticdes in rural areas. In females menstrual cycle disturbances, longer pregnancies, spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and some developmental effects in offspring have been linked to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Prenatal exposure has been linked to impaired fetal growth and development. Neurotoxic effects have also been linked to poisoning with OP pesticides causing four neurotoxic effects in humans: cholinergic syndrome, intermediate syndrome, organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP), and chronic organophosphate-induced neuropsychiatric disorder (COPIND). These syndromes result after acute and chronic exposure to OP pesticides.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L580) ; dermal (L580) ; inhalation (L580)

Headache. Pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation. Sweating. Nausea. Dizziness. Wheezing. Laboured breathing. Convulsions. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! See Inhalation.

Blurred vision.

Abdominal cramps. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Blurred vision. Further see Inhalation.

Miosis; ache eyes; blurred vision, lacrimation (discharge of tears), rhinorrhea (discharge of thin nasal mucus); headache; chest tightness, wheezing, laryngeal spasm; salivation; cyanosis; anorexia; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; sweating; twitching, paralysis, convulsions; low blood pressure, cardiac irreg

Guthion interferes with the nerves and brain normal way. Exposure to very high levels of guthion for a short period in air, water, or food may cause difficulty breathing, chest tightness, vomiting, cramps, diarrhea, blurred vision, sweating, headaches, dizziness, loss of consciousness, and death. (L580)

Neurological (Nervous System)

respiratory system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, blood cholinesterase

Chemical: AZINPHOS-METHYL

Other Poison - Organophosphate

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

FAO/WHO ADI: 0.005 mg/kg bw

ATSDR Final

Children

General Population

Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides - 2021 Update

LD50: 11 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T87)

LD50: 4900 ug/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (T14)

LD50: 7500 ug/kg (Intravenous, Rat) (T14)

LD50: 65 mg/kg (Dermal, Mouse) (T14)

LC50: 0.15 mg/L over 4 hours (Inhalation, Rat) (T87)

LD50 Guinea pig male oral 80 mg/kg

LD50 Dog oral >10 mg/kg

LD50 Rat (female) oral 11 mg/kg

LD50 Rat percutaneous 150-200 mg/kg/24 hr

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern bobwhite) oral 32 mg/kg (88.8% active ingredient)

LC50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail) game farm obtained, age 14 days; oral via capsule 488 ppm for 8 days (95% confidence interval: 394-601 ppm)

LC50; Species: Coturnix japonica (Japanese Quail) captive breeding colony, age 9 days; oral via capsule 639 ppm for 8 days (95% confidence interval: 572-796 ppm)

LC50; Species: Phasianus colchicus (Ring-Necked Pheasant) game farm obtained, age 22 days; oral via capsule 1821 ppm for 8 days (95% confidence interval: 1355-2468 ppm)

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for AZINPHOSMETHYL (86 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ ...Toxicity values for birds are relatively high and range from 70 to 2,000 mg/kg.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Laboratory-bred pine voles were exposed to 195 mg azinphos-methyl/kg of diet for 5 days to achieve about 42% brain /acetyl cholinesterase/ (AChE) inhibition. Aggressive behavior towards intruding voles, which helps to maintain social organization and limits population growth in wild pine voles, was reduced in treated pairs 5 days after exposure and greatly-reduced in treated pairs 15 days after exposure, compared to controls.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ In an avian reproduction study using 88.8% active ingredient technical grade azinphos-methyl in mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), the NOAEC was 10.5 ppm and the LOEC was 32.5 ppm. There were adverse effects on adult hen weight gain. /from table/

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ In an avian reproduction study using 88.8% active ingredient technical grade azinphos-methyl in Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), the NOAEC was 15.6 ppm and the LOEC was 87.4 ppm. Affected endpoints were: eggs laid, viable embryos, and 14-day old survivors. /from table/

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for AZINPHOSMETHYL (31 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1.90e+02

2.50e+03

1.00e+01

4.40e+01

5.60e+01

3.00e+00

1.70e-02

3.00e-03

1.00e-02

Volatile

5.70e+02

7.40e+03

3.10e+01

1.30e+02

1.70e+02

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to bees. Avoid release to the environment in circumstances different to normal use.

Azinphosmethyl's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as an insecticide will result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 2.0X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates azinphosmethyl will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase azinphosmethyl will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.5 hours. Particulate-phase azinphosmethyl will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. Azinphosmethyl contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, azinphosmethyl is expected to have moderate to slight mobility based upon a Koc range of 298 to 4644. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.9X10-9 atm-cu m/mole. Half-lives of 5.3 to 40 days have been reported in soil under field conditions. If released into water, azinphosmethyl is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc values. A decrease from 99 mg/L to 49 mg/L after 4 days incubation in a stirred flask containing azinphosmethyl as the sole carbon source and a mixed culture indicates that biodegradation in water may be an important environmental fate process. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 30 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Hydrolysis half-lives for azinphosmethyl in water at pH 8.6 were 36.4, 27.9, and 7.2 days at 6, 25, and 40 °C, respectively. The half-life of azinphosmethyl in seawater was 11 days when exposed to natural sunlight, while the half-life in river water was 8 days when exposed to natural sunlight. Occupational exposure to azinphosmethyl may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where azinphosmethyl is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to azinphosmethyl mainly via ingestion of food. (SRC)

Azinophosmethyl's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as an insecticide(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 298 to 4644(2-3), indicate that azinphosmethyl is expected to have moderate to slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of azinphosmethyl from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.9X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 2.0X10-7 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 29 mg/L(4). Azinphosmethyl is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Half-lives of 5.3 to 40 days have been reported under soil field conditions(2,5).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Field tests with azinphosmethyl indicated that on treated apple trees the half-life of this pesticide was about 2.6 to 6.3 days.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: A half-life in soil of 194.15 days in the dark horizon was determined from a groundwater monitoring study conducted from October 1995 to March 1997 in the fruit production fields of the Neuquen River, Northern Patagonic, Argentina(1). Azinphosmethyl has reported field half-lives of 10 to 40 days(2). Using data from the 1993 UK database, half-lives for azinphosmethyl were 5.30 to 15 days in soil(3).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 298 to 4644(2-3), indicate that azinphosmethyl is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.9X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.0X10-7 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 29 mg/L(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 30(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.75(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Hydrolysis half-lives for azinphosmethyl in water at pH 8.6 were 36.4, 27.9, and 7.2 days at 6, 25, and 40 °C, respectively(9). The half-life of azinphosmethyl in seawater was 11 days when exposed to natural sunlight, while the half-life in river water was 8 days when exposed to natural sunlight(10). A decrease from 99 mg/L to 49 mg/L after 4 days incubation in a stirred flask containing azinphosmethyl as the sole carbon source and a mixed culture indicates that biodegradation in water may be an important environmental fate process(11).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), azinphosmethyl, which has a vapor pressure of 2.0X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase azinphosmethyl is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.5 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.5X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase azinphosmethyl may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Azinphosmethyl contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Azinphosmethyl was degraded in batch and continuous culture by mixed enrichment cultures of microorganisms that were collected from soil, raw sewage, a trickling filter, activated sludge, and settled sludge(1). Azinphosmethyl concentration decreased from 99 mg/L to 49 mg/L after 4 days incubation in a stirred flask containing azinphosmethyl as the sole carbon source and a mixed culture(1). The main degradation products of azinphosmethyl in soil and by selected soil microorganisms are benzazimide, thiomethylbenzazimide, bis-(benzazimidyl-methyl) disulfide, and anthranilic acid(2). Using analytical grade and diluted emulsifiable concentrated azinphosmethyl, at a concentration of 15 ppm, incubated at 30 °C in Carrington silt loam degradation was 95% in 6 and 22 days, respectively(3). After 10 weeks, no residual azinphosmethyl was detected(3). The half-life of azinphosmethyl in seawater (pH 8.1) was 26 days when incubated in the absence of light, while the half-life in river water (pH 7.3) was 42 days, 35 days (pH 7.3) in filtered river water when incubated in closed 2.5 Liter amber bottles at 22 °C(4).

Half life ... in a nonsterile soil is 21 days under aerobic conditions and 68 days under anaerobic conditions ... in sterile conditions /half-life of 355 days/. Under aerobic conditions ... metabolites were ... oxygen analog residues, mercaptomethyl benzazimide, benzazimide, hydroxymethyl benzazimide, and bis-(methyl benzazimide)sulfide.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of azinphosmethyl with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.5X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.5 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Azinphosmethyl contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Azinphosmethyl is subject to hydrolysis in the environment, being moderately persistent at acid and neutral pH, hydrolyzes fairly rapidly (several days) at high pH(3). Hydrolysis half-lives for azinphosmethyl in water at pH 8.6 were 36.4, 27.9, and 7.2 days at 6, 25, and 40 °C, respectively(4). Azinphosmethyl degrades rapidly by direct aqueous photolysis with a half-life of 77 hrs, and slower by soil photolysis, half-life 180 days(3). Sunlight irradiation of thin films of azinphosmethyl at 30-35 °C for 25 hrs resulted in a loss of 37% with at least 12 products being formed(5). The half-life of azinphosmethyl in seawater was 11 days when exposed to natural sunlight, while the half-life in river water 8 days when exposed to natural sunlight(6). The half-lives of azinphosmethyl were reported as 415 days (pH 6.1, ultrapure water), 278 days (pH 7.3, river water), 4506 days (pH 7.3, filtered river water), and no observed degradation (pH 8.1, seawater); tests were conducted in closed 2.5 Liter amber bottles at 6 °C(6). Following a 0.5 hr exposure to UV light (mercury vapor lamp, 254 nm), only 26% of a 2 ppm aqueous solution of azinphosmethyl remained unchanged; little change (<10%) occurred with other light sources i.e. yellow light, lambda >570nm, red light, lambda = 656 nm(7). Azinphosmethyl had plant surface photodegradation half-life on bean and corn leaf in sunlight conditions of approximately 1 day(8).

Studies on the photodecomposition of azinphosmethyl have shown that degradation, after an 8 hr exposure of sunlight or ultraviolet light, was greatest on glass surfaces & variable on other surfaces. Surface/non insecticidal water soluble photoproducts formed (%): glass, 18.6%; sandy soil, 6.5%; muck 2.5%; corn leaves 3.5%; and bean leaves 1.4%.

Major degradation products ... from hydrolysis /were benzazimide and hydroxymethylbenzazimide.

An estimated BCF of 30 was calculated in fish for azinphosmethyl(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.75(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

The Koc of azinphosmethyl in five European soils was measured in the range of 487 to 4,644(1). Azinphosmethyl also had Koc values of 1990 (75.0% clay, 3.29% organic carbon), 783 (22.6% clay, 2.39% organic carbon), 570 (17.0% clay, 3.32% organic carbon), 630 (20.3% clay, 1.36% organic carbon) and 1700 (6.0% clay, 4.43% organic carbon) in five European soils(2). Using data from the 1993 UK database, Koc values for azinphosmethyl were 298 to 3406(3). According to a classification scheme(4), this Koc data suggests that azinphosmethyl is expected to have moderate to slight mobility in soil. Measurable residues were found in sediment samples after application to the surface of littoral enclosure mesocosms; the sediment and water were identified as the most important sorptive compartments(5). The compound is not likely to leach to groundwater except in areas of high recharge such as karst(6).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

This highly toxic material is rapidly hydrolyzed by cold alkali. Use 5 parts by volume 4% wt/vol sodium hydroxide soln to 1 volume of pesticide. Hydrolysis is improved by making the sodium hydroxide soln in 50% ethanol. ... Large amt - Incinerate in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Hydrolysis: Alkaline hydrolysis leads to complete degradation: the alkaline salt of dimethyldithiophosphoric acid and the anthranilic acid formed are nontoxic. Oxidation: Complete degradation but the gutoxon formed is equally toxic. For the decontamination of glass and metal containers triple rinse and use of a rinse soln containing caustic soda and detergent are considered.

Pesticide Disposal: Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous. Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal law. If these cannot be disposed of by use according to label instruction, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency, or the Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. /Azinphosmethyl 50W Soluble/

Container Disposal: Completely empty bad into application equipment. Then dispose of empty bag into a sanitary landfill or by incineration, or, if allowed by state and local authorities, by burning. If burned, stay out of smoke. /Azinphosmethyl 50W Soluble/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for AZINPHOSMETHYL (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2783 152(organophosphorus pesticide, solid, toxic)

UN 2784; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, not otherwise specified, flash point less than 23 °C

UN 2783; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic, not otherwise specified

UN 3017; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, not otherwise specified, flash point less than 23 °C or more

UN 3018; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, not otherwise specified

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for AZINPHOSMETHYL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

49 215 26; Azinphos methyl or Guthion (agricultural insecticides, not elsewhere classified, liquid)

49 215 27; Azinphos methyl or Guthion (agricultural insecticides, not elsewhere classified, other than liquid)

49 215 28; Azinphos methyl or Guthion (insecticides, other than agricultural, not elsewhere classified)

49 215 29; Azinphos methyl mixture or Guthion mixture, liquid (agricultural insecticides, not elsewhere classified, liquid)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Severe marine pollutant.

Symbol: T+, N; R: 24-26/28-43-50/53; S: (1/2)-28-36/37-45-60-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II