1,2,3-trichlorobenzene

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.7% (1 of 153) of reports.

H302 (30.7%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H317 (88.2%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H400 (90.2%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (89.5%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 153 reports by companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 153 reports by companies.

There are 11 notifications provided by 152 of 153 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 11.9% (5 of 42) of reports.

H302 (88.1%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (88.1%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (88.1%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H400 (88.1%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (88.1%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 42 reports by companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 5 of 42 reports by companies.

There is 1 notification provided by 37 of 42 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P301+P317, P304+P340, P319, P330, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P273, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P301+P317, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P319, P330, P337+P317, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or foam; large fires: water spray, fog or foam. (USCG, 1999)

Use water spray, dry powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Water, foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: P2 filter respirator for harmful particles. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a POTW is acceptable only after review by the governing authority. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must meet Hazardous Material Criteria for disposal.

Land spill. Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. Apply universal gelling agent to immobilize spill. Apply appropriate foam to diminish vapor and fire hazard. Water spill. Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. If dissolved, in region of 10ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. Air spill. Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Combustion products include corrosive or toxic vapors. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./

SRP: Criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene: biological treatment.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Personnel protection. Avoid breathing vapors Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ...

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: You should dampen the solid spill material with acetone, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the adsorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminate area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this material from exposure to light, and store it in a refrigerator, away from oxidizers. (NTP, 1992)

Separated from strong oxidants. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

0.5 [ppm]

0.76 [mg/m3]

60 [mg/m3]

360 [mg/m3]

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract.

Wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)

Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.

NO open flames.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

1,2,3-trichlorobenzene appears as a white solid with a sharp chlorobenzene odor. Insoluble in water and denser than water. Hence sinks in water. Melting point 63-64 °C (145-147 °F).

White solid; [Hawley] White crystalline solid; [MSDSonline]

WHITE CRYSTALS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Platelets from alcohol

White crystals

424 to 426 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

218.5 °C

218.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]

126.7 °F (NTP, 1992)

234.9 °F (NTP, 1992)

112.7 °C (closed cup)

112.7 °C c.c.

Insoluble (NTP, 1992)

Slightly soluble in ethanol; very soluble in ether and benzene

Sparingly sol in alcohol; freely sol in carbon disulfide

In water, 18 mg/L at 25 °C.

Solubility in water: very poor

1.69 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.4533 g/cu cm at 25 °C

1.45 g/cm³

1.4533 @25 °C

6.2 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 6.26

1 mmHg at 104 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.21 [mmHg]

0.21 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 25 °C: 17.3

0.21 [mm Hg] @25 °C

log Kow = 4.05

Henry's Law constant = 1.25X10-3 atm-cu m/mol

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic vapors of /hydrogen chloride/.

1.68 mPa.s at 50 °C

291 J/g at 100 °C; 271.7 J/g at 150 °C; 251.6 J/g at 200 °C

144.8 Ų [M+Na]+ [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI+; Dataset: TOXCAST; Source Identifier: DTXSID8026193]

Enthalpy of fusion: 17.9 kJ/mol

13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum

Schoenflies notation

Boiling point

Chemical bond

Chemical shift

Insoluble in water.

Aryl Halides

1,2,3-TRICHLOROBENZENE can react with oxidizing agents. (NTP, 1992). May emit toxic hydrogen chloride and phosgene gases in fire.

... On contact with acids or acid fumes they evolve highly toxic /hydrogen chloride/ fumes. /Chlorides/

Reacts with strong oxidants.

Trichlorobenzene may uncouple mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, inducing potassium ion release and inhibiting respiratory control. It's metabolites may covalently bind to cellular proteins and alkylate DNA. (A154, A155)

1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) (Semi-Volatile Organic Compound (SVOC))

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

High levels of trichlorobenzene may damage the liver, kidney, and thyroid. (A153)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Oral (T38) ; inhalation (T38) ; dermal (T38)

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting.

Trichlorobenzene irritates the eyes and respiratory tract. (T20)

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

8 x 10^-3 mg/kg-day

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

SCREEN Current

PPRTV Current

LC50 (rat) = 2,965 ppm/6h

LD50: 756 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T20)

LD50 Rat oral 756 mg/kg

LD50 Rat ip 750 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 766 mg/kg

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... .Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Minimal eye and throat irritation could occur at 3 to 5 ppm in certain people.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ The application of technical grade trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (70%) and 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene (30%) for five days/week for 4 weeks, at doses of 0, 30, 150, or 450 mg/kg/day, to the dorsal skin (4X4 inch area) of New Zealand rabbits weighing approximately 3 kg. Gross and histologic examination of the skin showed evidence of moderate irritation at the highest dose and less irritation at the lower doses. This irritation consisted of epidermal scaling, thickening, fissures, ulcers, and erythema. No treatment-related change was observed in clinical chemistry (BUN, glucose, SGPT, serum alkaline phospholase, or hematology). A slight but significant increase in urinary coproporphyrin was observed in high dose males (450 mg/kg/day) at day 24; None was seen in females.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ The toxic effects of three trichlorobenzene isomers, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, were investigated in rats treated over a period of 90 days. Thirteen groups of weanling Sprague Dawley rats were given one of the trichlorobenzenes, at concentrations of 1, 10, 100, or 1000 ppm in corn oil, or corn oil alone. After 13 wk all animals were anesthetized with ether and exsanguinated via the abdominal aorta. Clinical examination showed no signs of toxicity except reduced wt gain in some groups. High dose groups of treated males had a general trend towards lower wt gain with statistically significant wt gain suppression only seen in males treated with 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene at 10 of 1000 ppm. The liver to body wt ratios of males receiving the highest doses of the three trichlorobenzenes were significantly higher than controls. Kidney wt were higher for some groups of males. trichlorobenzene exposure did not affect serum sodium, potassium, inorganic phosphate, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transferase, total protein, calcium, cholesterol, glucose, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, or any hematological or urinary parameter. Hepatic microsomal aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine demethylase activities were significantly elevated in males fed 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at 1000 ppm. Aminopyrine demehtylase activity was significantly elevated in females. Histopathologic changes related to treatment were seen in liver, thyroid, and kidney for all three isomers. The changes were mild in nature and judged to be significant only at the highest dose level, but they were more severe in males than in females. Microscopic changes in the liver consisted of mild to moderate increases in cytoplasmic volume and anisokaryosis of hepatocytes. Changes in the thyroid included reduction in both follicular size and colloid density. Only 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene resulted in mild to moderate renal changes in the convoluted tubules which were characterized by eosinophilic inclusions, enlargement and anisokaryosis of the lining cells and hyperplasia of the tubular epithelial cells. Only changes associated with the 1000 ppm dose level of the isomer were considered to be biologically significant. It was concluded that the nonobservable adverse effect levels for all three trichlorobenzene isomers are 100 ppm and from data on the 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene levels found in lake trout (5 ppb) and estimated average fish consumption, that there is a 5.6x10+6 times safety factor between the potential human exposure and the effect level as seen in the rat.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ A lifetime carcinogenicity study was carried out in Wistar rats, with a mixture of the following halogenated hydrocarbons: trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, monobromodichloromethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,3,-dichlorobenzene, 1,4,-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,3,-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4,-trichlorobenzene, 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene. From this mixture 0.22, 2.2, or 22 mg was added per liter drinking water representing concentrations being three orders of magnitude higher than found in several water wells. Most of the changes found in body weight, hematology and pathology correlated with intercurrent diseases or were in accordance with background pathology. With respect to incidence and time of occurrence of tumors, no significant differences were found between the control and the high dose group when lifespan correction was applied. Thus it is concluded that in the present study no significant toxic or carcinogenic effects are induced by lifetime exposure of rats to a mixture of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in the drinking water.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ A study was made in rats of possible teratogenic effects of three trichlorobenzene isomers and their distribution in dams and fetuses. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were administered 150 and 300 mg/kg 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, or 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene or 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene. Chemicals were given by gavage on day six through day fifteen of gestation. Dams were assessed for toxic effects and distribution of chemicals in tissues, and fetuses were examined for toxic and teratogenic effects. Dams did not exhibit any signs of toxicity, although there was a tendency toward a dose related reduction in body weight. Abnormalities in pregnancy outcome and fetal development did not appear to be related to treatment. Maternal liver weights were increased by all three isomers, and other organ weights were normal. Significant dose related increases in liver aminopyrine-N-demethylase activity were found for 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Dose related increases in hemoglobin and hematocrit occurred with all three compounds. Histology revealed maternal liver changes and eye lens lesions in 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene exposed fetuses. Mild thyroid changes were also noted in dams.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,2,3-TRICHLOROBENZENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/Individuals who suffer from/ skin, liver, kidney, or chronic respiratory disease, will be at an increased risk if they are exposed to chlorobenzenes. /Chlorobenzenes/

EC50; Species: Chlorella vulgaris (Green algae, age 3-4 days, exponential growth phase, 20X10+4 cells/mL); Conditions: static, 19 °C, pH 6.5; Concentration: 34 mmol/cu m for 3 hr; Effect: physiology, photosynthesis /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae, initial concentration 500000 cells/L); Conditions: static, 20 °C; Concentration: 900 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: general growth

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 25 °C, pH >7; Concentration: 2000 ug/L for 24 hr; Effect: behavior, equilibrium /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 350 ug/L for 24 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 1,2,3-TRICHLOROBENZENE (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The growth rate reduction of mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) fry was investigated with a range of sublethal exposure levels of four halobenzenes for 42 days. These compounds were found to produce growth rate reduction in mosquito fish fry at concentrations as low as 0.30, 0.18, 0.025, and 0.010 umol/L for 1,4-dibromobenzene, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-tribomobenzene, and pentachlorobenzene, respectively. The aqueous exposure concentrations causing growth rate reduction of 50 and 10% (EC50 and EC10, respectively) for the halobenzenes were 0.067-3.4 and 0.0042-0.32 umol/L, respectively. The EC50 and EC10 values are within the ranges of 5 to 8% and 0.1 to 3.9% of the LC50 values, respectively. The percentage of growth rate reduction relative to the LC50 could possibly be used to describe chronic toxicity effects of organic compounds with the aquatic organisms. The internal concentrations obtained from the analysis for the halobenzenes were generally consistent with the calculated internal concentrations. The lipid-based internal concentrations that gave 50 and 10% growth rate reductions were 8.3-27 and 0.5-1.6 umol/kg, respectively. These values have a more limited range than the corresponding external aqueous concentrations. The quantitative structure-activity relationships between the internal concentrations at 50 and 10% growth rate reduction and physicochemical parameters were found to be less satisfactory than those based on external aqueous concentrations.

EC50; Species: Chlorella vulgaris (Green algae, age 3-4 days, exponential growth phase, 20X10+4 cells/mL); Conditions: static, 19 °C, pH 6.5; Concentration: 34 mmol/cu m for 3 hr; Effect: physiology, photosynthesis /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae, initial concentration 500000 cells/L); Conditions: static, 20 °C; Concentration: 900 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: general growth

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 25 °C, pH >7; Concentration: 2000 ug/L for 24 hr; Effect: behavior, equilibrium /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 350 ug/L for 24 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 1,2,3-TRICHLOROBENZENE (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The growth rate reduction of mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) fry was investigated with a range of sublethal exposure levels of four halobenzenes for 42 days. These compounds were found to produce growth rate reduction in mosquito fish fry at concentrations as low as 0.30, 0.18, 0.025, and 0.010 umol/L for 1,4-dibromobenzene, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-tribomobenzene, and pentachlorobenzene, respectively. The aqueous exposure concentrations causing growth rate reduction of 50 and 10% (EC50 and EC10, respectively) for the halobenzenes were 0.067-3.4 and 0.0042-0.32 umol/L, respectively. The EC50 and EC10 values are within the ranges of 5 to 8% and 0.1 to 3.9% of the LC50 values, respectively. The percentage of growth rate reduction relative to the LC50 could possibly be used to describe chronic toxicity effects of organic compounds with the aquatic organisms. The internal concentrations obtained from the analysis for the halobenzenes were generally consistent with the calculated internal concentrations. The lipid-based internal concentrations that gave 50 and 10% growth rate reductions were 8.3-27 and 0.5-1.6 umol/kg, respectively. These values have a more limited range than the corresponding external aqueous concentrations. The quantitative structure-activity relationships between the internal concentrations at 50 and 10% growth rate reduction and physicochemical parameters were found to be less satisfactory than those based on external aqueous concentrations.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The sensitivity of the early life stage (ELS) toxicity test for two compounds with different modes of action was determined, and related to other toxicity tests with the same compounds. The zebrafish. Danio rerio, was used as a test organism, and the two model compounds were 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, a non-polar narcotic, and parathion, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Hatching and survival after 28 days were significantly reduced in the highest 123TCB treatment (263 ug/L), but not in any of the parathion treatments. Growth of the larvae was negatively affected at parathion concentrations above 20 ug/L, while AChE was only significantly inhibited at the highest concentration, 93 ug/L. No effects on growth were found in the 123TCB treatments. In comparison with acute and chronic studies with both compounds, the ELS test turned out to be less sensitive than chronic studies and more sensitive than acute studies. The difference in sensitivity between the tests systems seems however, to depend on the mode of action of the compound.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ A chronic toxicity experiment was performed with zebrafish, Danio rerio, exposed to 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene (123TCB). Fish were exposed in a flow-through system for 68 and 147 days. Parameters measured are survival, growth, reproduction, and glycogen and protein content. The only parameter which was influenced was the number of eggs produced per female, resulting in an EC(50) of 40 ug/L. Using this value and acute toxicity data for 123TCB, an acute to chronic ratio (ACR) of 80 was calculated, which is larger than ACRs for other species exposed to nonpolar narcotics.

6.30e+01

9.30e+02

7.00e+00

6.0E+01(G)

2.10e-02

8.00e-04

Volatile

1.90e+02

2.80e+03

2.10e+01

6.0E+01 (G)

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur in fish.

1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene's production and use as a solvent for high melting products, coolant in electrical installations and glass tempering, in polyester dyeing, lubricants, and heat transfer medium may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its former use in insecticides may have resulted in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.21 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 57 days. In the laboratory, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene irradiated at wavelengths greater than 285 nm has been shown to undergo both direct and sensitized dechlorination and isomerization. If released to soil, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene is expected to have low to no mobility based upon Koc values of 1380 to 7943. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.25X10-3 atm-cu m/mole. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene is expected to biodegrade slowly in soils and water with biodegradation half-lives ranging from several weeks to several months. If released into water, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc values. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.9 hours and 5.6 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 65 days if adsorption is considered. BCFs of 130 in carp to 245,470 in fathead minnow, suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound or other products containing 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene. (SRC)

1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene's production and use as a solvent for high melting products, coolant in electrical installations and glass tempering, in polyester dyeing, lubricants, and heat transfer medium(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its former use in insecticides(1) may have resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 1380(2) to 7943(3), indicate that 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene is expected to have low to no mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.25X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.21 mm Hg(4). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene is expected to biodegrade slowly in soils with biodegradation half-lives ranging from several weeks to several months(5-7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 1380(2) to 7943(3), indicate that 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.25X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.9 hours and 5.6 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), BCF values of 130 in carp(7) to 245,470 in fathead minnow(2), suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high(SRC). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). Biodegradation of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene is expected to occur slowly, with half-lives ranging from several weeks to several months(8-10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, which has a vapor pressure of 0.21 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 57 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.8X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). In the laboratory, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene irradiated at wavelengths greater than 285 nm has been shown to undergo both direct and sensitized dechlorination and isomerization(4).

AEROBIC: 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1). A grab sample test using a Nixon sandy loam showed 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene degraded at an average rate of 0.35 nmol/day(2-3). The half-life for 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene at various locations in the Rhine River was estimated at 1.9, 21 and 30 days, but this may have included other processes besides biodegradation(4). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene underwent detectable biodegradation to trichlorophenols within 24 hr using a soil culture adapted to benzene(5). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene showed a 65.5% theoretical biological oxygen demand using an activated sludge inoculum(6). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene did not degrade in soil studies using a pure culture seed under conditions in which the other trichlorobenzene isomers had degraded(7). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was dechlorinated 0.3-50.1% after 7 days incubation in soil amended with 4 mM bromoethanesulfonate, 2 mM sulfate and 7.5 mM hydrogen(8). After 4 days of incubation, 28 uM of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene was biodegraded to 1,2- and 1,3-dichlorobenzene(9).

ANAEROBIC: 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was biodegraded by an acclimated anaerobic sediment slurry obtained from the Tsurumi River, Japan(1). The first-order biodegradation rate constant was 0.030 days-1, corresponding to a half-life of about 23 days(1). The half-life of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene in sewage sludge amended soil was 22.5 days(2). Sediment from freshwater streams in the Netherlands degraded 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, with reported biodegradation half-lives of 68 to 323 days(3). An enriched microbial culture derived from sediment of the Rhine River reductively dechlorinated 6 uM of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene to 1,3-dichlorobenzene in 110 days(4). After an initial lag of 2-6 months, 30-50 nmol/L (flow rate 1 cm/hr) of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene was transformed by the process of reductive dechlorination to 1,3-dichlorobenzene in anaerobic sediment columns operated continuously for 225 days(5). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene, under methanogenic conditions, degraded >99% in Rhine and Dune sediment taken near Nieuwegein, Netherlands(6).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.8X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 57 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). In the laboratory, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene irradiated at wavelengths greater than 285 nm has been shown to undergo both direct and sensitized dechlorination and isomerization(3).

BCFs of 350-980 and 130-1,200 were measured in carp exposed for a 6 week incubation period at concns of 25 and 10 ug/L of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, respectively(1). A mean BCF value of 430 was measured for mosquito fish exposed to 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene(2). Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and guppy (Poecilia reticulata) had BCFs of, respectively, 710 and 702 wet weight, but were calculated as 22,188 and 13,000 based on lipid weight(3). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene had a BCF of 1862(4), and a log BCF of 2.90(5) in guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Log BCFs were measured, on a whole body basis, in Atlantic croaker, blue crab, spotted sea trout, blue catfish, guppy and fathead minnow at 2.89, 2.47, 1.58, 3.01, 3.28, and 3.00-3.75, respectively, and in 2 samples of rainbow trout at 3.08 and 3.42; using lipid basis, log BCFs were 4.54, 4.77, 3.22, 4.49, 4.11, and 3.94-5.39, respectively, and 4.17, 4.48 for rainbow trout(6). According to a classification scheme(7), these BCF values suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high. 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene had a measured BCF of 3 in pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis) after 10 days of exposure(4). A log BCF of 4.59 was found in juvenile crab (Portunus pelagicus) for 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene(8).

Certain developmental stages of Salmo gairdneri accumulated more 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene ... than others. ... The bioconcn factor was approximately 10 times as great at hatching as in alevins. These differences can be reduced, but not eliminated, by expressing the data on the basis of lipid wt.

Measured log Koc values for 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene of 3.21(1), 3.29(2), 3.37(3), 3.4(4), 3.67(5) and 3.9(6) were reported in soil. Koc values have been reported in soil at 1380 and 1630(7). According to a recommended classification scheme(8), these Koc values suggest that 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene has low mobility in soil.

A log Koc value of 3.6 was measured for 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene in sediment obtained from Ise Bay, Japan(1). A log Koc value of 4.8 was measured for 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene in sediment from Lake Ketelmeer, Netherlands(2). Log Koc values of 5.79 and 6.48 were also measured in Lake Ketelmeer at 0-30 cm (3.75% organic matter) and 40-120 cm (6.48% organic matter), respectively(3). Koc values are reported as 2650, 1050 and 14,800 in aquifer material, corn residues and plant cuticle, respectively(4). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene had a log Koc of 2.87 in sediment from the Yangtze River(5).

The Henry's Law constant for 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene is 1.25X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4.9 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5.6 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 65 days if adsorption is considered(3). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.21 mm Hg(1).

GROUNDWATER: 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was found in two of nineteen wells two years after a PCB/trichlorobenzene spill of transformer fluid near Kingston, TN (1973), at concns of 0.18 and 0.097 ug/L(1). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was not detected (detection limit 0.266 ug/L) in 78 wells (15 agricultural, 30 new urban, 20 old urban, 13 undeveloped) in Glassboro, NJ(2). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was not detected in ground water at domestic waste disposal sites in the UK(3). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene had an avg ground water concn of 0.001 ug/L in localities contaminated by agrochemical and communal waste in Slovakia(4).

DRINKING WATER: 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected at a level of approximately 0.1 ug/L in chlorinated drinking water samples from two out of ten Canadian water treatment plants(1). Drinking water samples from Niagara Falls, NY collected on April 11, 1979 and April 18, 1979 contained 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene at a concn of 0.38 and 0.26 ug/L, respectively(2). Drinking water samples from three cities in the Lake Ontario vicinity contained 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene at a mean concn 0.1 ng/L(3).

SURFACE WATER: 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene has been identified, not quantified, in water from Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, Lake Huron, and Lake Superior watersheds(1). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected at a mean concn of 2.7 ng/L in the Niagara River(2). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected in 5 sites in Lake Ontario at a mean concn of 0.1 ng/L and in 10 sites of the Grand River at a mean concn of 0.1 ng/L(3). The avg concn of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene in Niagara River at Niagara-on-the-Lake was 2.3 ng/L(4). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was identified, not quantified, in Narragansett Bay, RI(5). Water collected in the vicinity of an industrial outfall in the Calacasieu River estuary, LA contained 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene at a concn of 12 ng/L(6). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected at mean concns of 0.03 ng/L (Edwards Point) and 0.04 ng/L (Port Lambton) in Ontario, Canada(7). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected in 93% of samples taken at 21 stations on Lake Erie in 1986 at concns of not detected (detection limit 0.004 ng/L) to 0.077 ng/L(8).

SURFACE WATER: 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected in the southern North Sea, 108 samples, concn range 0.1-25 ng/L, mean concn 1.4 ng/L, median concn 0.7 ng/L(1). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected in the Rhine River at a concn of 6 ng/L(1). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected at concns of 0.01-0.03 ug/L in Lake Ketelmeer, Netherlands(2). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected in rivers in Osaka, Japan at a mean concn of 0.18 ug/L(3). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected at median concns of 25 and 13 ng/cu decimeter in the Scheldt estuary, Netherlands(4). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected at mean concns of 1,100 ng/L (Besos River), 200 ng/L (Llobregat River), 6.1 ng/L (coastal waters), 4.1 ng/L (Barcelona coastal waters) and 11 ng/L (La Pineda coastal waters) in Spain(5). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected at concns of <1.2 ng/L to 1,500 ng/L in the Forth Estuary, England(6). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected at concns of 0-9.7 ng/L in Ise Bay, Japan(7). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected in 2 of 106 urban shallow rivers in Osaka, Japan in samples taken 1995 to 1997(8). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected at the survey stations of Zollenspieker at 0.5-3.8 ng/L in 10 of 12 samples and Seemannshoft at 0.5-3.2 ng/L in 9 of 12 samples, on the River Elbe, near Hamburg, Germany in 1992(9). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was not detected (detection limit 0.04 ug/L) in Northern Greece rivers and lakes(10). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected at <4, <4, <0.5, and <0.5% of the total chlorobenzenes found in samples from Aire, Calder, Don, and Trent Rivers, Humber, respectively, samples were taken Feb 1995 to Feb 1997(11). Dutch surface water samples taken from 1992 to 1997 from the Rhine, Meuse, northern delta area, and Westerscheld were reported as <0.1 ug/L of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene(12). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene had an avg surface water concn of 0.003 ug/L in localities contaminated by agrochemical and communal waste in Slovakia(13). A 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene concn of 0.8 ug/L was found in the Rhine River at Lobith, Netherlands in July 1979(14).

1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected in the ash of municipal waste incinerators in the US at concns of 160 and 27 ug/kg(1). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected at a concn of 0.07 ug/cu m in the effluent of a hazardous waste incinerator in Germany(2). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected at mean concns of 0.01 mg/cu m in the air of municipal landfills in Finland(3). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected in the effluent from a coal-fired power plant at a concn of 3.9 ng/cu m(4). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected at an avg conc of 0.21 mg/kg in sewage sludge from the UK(5). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was not detected (detection limit 1 ug/L) in leachate from six asphalt pavement reclamation locations in Fl(6). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene had an avg concn of 0.01 ug/L and a frequency of 8.6% in sources feeding low land rivers in England and Wales in 1995 and an avg concn of 0.11 ug/L with a frequency of 10% in trade effluents(7). Effluent from a municipal waste pilot combustion facility had an avg emission of 115.9 ng/cu m of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene(8).

1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected in municipal discharge in Catawba Creek, NC at a concn of between 21-46 ug/L.

SEDIMENT: 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected in the sediment of Lake Ketelmeer, Netherlands at concns of 15 and 2 ng/kg(1), 10-100 ug/kg(2) and 24 ug/kg (dry weight)(3). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected in sediment at concns of 13 ug/kg (dry weight) in the top layer and at 24.5 and 24.7 ug/kg (dry weight) in core samples from Lake Ketelmeer, Netherlands(4). Mean 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene concns of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 7 ppb were detected in the superficial sediments from Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, respectively(5). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected at concns of 0.2-6.7 ng/g in sediment from Ise Bay, Japan(6). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was not detected (detection limit 3 ng/g) in seven river mouths (Tainai, Agano, Shinano, Sekiya, Hokura, Seki, and Oumli rivers) and a port (Prefecture) in Niigata, Japan(7). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected at maximum concns of 52, 22, 20 and 6 ng/g in sediment taken from the Scheldt estuary, Netherlands(8). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was detected in sediment off the coast of Taiwan at concns of 1-3 ng/kg(9). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was found off the coast of Kaohsiung, Taiwan at 40 sites at concns of not detected to 21.4 ng/g in samples taken 1996(10). 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was not detected in suspended solids in the Rhone River at Bouveret, Pougny, Pioncare, Saone, and St. Vallier, but was detected at Chasse, Beauchastel, Donzere and Arles at 4.4, 21.8, 9.9 and 252 ug/kg (dry weight), respectively(11). Bed sediment samples taken from the Rhone River had concns of 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene of 21.7 and 26.7 ug/kg (dry weight) from samples taken near Beauchastel and Arles, and was not detected at Seyssel and Cordrieu(11).

SRP: Criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene: biological treatment.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Trichlorobenzenes, liquid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. ... Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Trichlorobenzenes, liquid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 m (150 ft) for liquids and at least 25 m (75 ft) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Trichlorobenzenes, liquid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Trichlorobenzenes, liquid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,2,3-TRICHLOROBENZENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

UN Hazard Class: 9