hexachloro-1,3-butadiene

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 4.3% (2 of 47) of reports.

H301 (68.1%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H302 (27.7%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (59.6%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H312 (34%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315 (87.2%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (27.7%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (36.2%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H319 (23.4%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (14.9%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H332 (27.7%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H351 (46.8%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H371 (12.8%): May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H400 (85.1%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (57.4%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 47 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 2 of 47 reports by companies.

There are 8 notifications provided by 45 of 47 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

P210, P280, P370+P378, P403, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

To fight fire, use dry chemical, CO2, alcohol foam, water spray, fog, mist.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

· For solids, prevent dust cloud and avoid inhalation of dust.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U128, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Incineration: Spray into a furnace with afterburner and alkali scrubber. Incineration will become easier by mixing with a more flammable solvent.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. Hexachlorobutadiene is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for HEXACHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. For solids, prevent dust cloud and avoid inhalation of dust. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Ventilation along the floor. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.02 [ppm]

1.0 [ppm]

3.0 [ppm]

10 [ppm]

0.02 ppm (0.24 mg/m³)

Ca TWA 0.02 ppm (0.24 mg/m3) [skin] See Appendix A

none See Appendix G

A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

NIOSH considers hexachlorobutadiene to be a potential occupational carcinogen.

Ca [N.D.]

See: IDLH INDEX

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.02 ppm, skin

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

0.02 ppm as TWA; (skin); A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans).

0.02 ppm [1979]

0.22 mg/m

Intermediate Oral: 0.0002 mg/kg/day (L134)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

ERPG-1: 1 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 1 = mild transient health effects or objectionable odor [AIHA]

ERPG-2: 3 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 2 = impaired ability to take protective action [AIHA]

ERPG-3: 10 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 3 = life threatening health effects [AIHA]

Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPG): ERPG(1) 3 ppm (no more than mild, transient effects) for up to 1 hr exposure; ERPG(2) 10 ppm (without serious, adverse effects) for up to 1 hr exposure; ERPG(3) 30 ppm (not life threatening) up to 1 hr exposure.

Australia: 0.02 ppm, skin, Category 3, suspected of having carcinogenic potential; Federal Republic of Germany: no MAK, skin, Group B, justifiably suspected of having carcinogenic potential.

Hexachlorobutadiene appears as a colorless liquid with a mild odor. Insoluble in water and denser than water. Nonflammable. May be toxic by ingestion or inhalation. Used as a solvent and heat transfer fluid.

Clear, colorless liquid with a mild, turpentine-like odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Clear, colorless liquid with a mild, turpentine-like odor.

Clear, colorless liquid

Mild, turpentine-like odor.

419 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

215 °C @ 760 mm Hg

215 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-6 °F (NTP, 1992)

less than 0.1 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

Sol in alc, ether

In water, 3.20 mg/l @ 25 °C

Solubility in water: none

Insoluble

1.675 at 59.9 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.556 @ 25 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.68

1.556 @25 °C

8.99 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

8.99 (AIR= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 9.0

0.15 mmHg at 68 °F ; approximately 0.3 mmHg at 77 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.2 [mmHg]

0.22 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 20

0.2 mmHg

log Kow = 4.78

Henry's Law constant = 1.03X10-2 atm-cu m/mole @ 20 °C

1130 °F (USCG, 1999)

1130 °F (610 °C)

When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /chlorine/ Cl-.

2.447 centipoise at 37.7 °C, 1.479 centistokes; 1.131 centipoise at 98.8 °C, 0.724 centistokes.

Odor Threshold Low: 1.1 [ppm]

Odor threshold from CHEMINFO

12 mg/cu m (odor low) 12 mg/cu m (odor high)

Index of refraction: 1.5542 @ 20 °C/D

131.1 Ų [M]+ [CCS Type: TW; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: GC-APCI+]

Compatible with numerous resins.

Percent in saturated air: 0.037 at 25 °C; 1 mg/l is equiv to 936 ppm and 1 ppm is equiv to 10.7 mg/cu m at 25 °C, 760 torr.

Insoluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

Conjugated Dienes

HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE rapidly decomposes rubber on contact. Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Reacts to form an explosive product with bromine perchlorate. (NTP, 1992). Gives highly toxic and irritating chloride fumes when burned.

Oxidizers.

Can react vigorously with with oxidizing materials. ... Reacts with bromine perchlorate to form an explosive product.

Oxidizers

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

It is believed that intermediates produced by modification of the S- 1,1,2,3,4-pentachlorodienyl cysteine derivative metabolite by gamma-glutamyltransferase are responsible for the observed effects on the proximal tubules of the nephrons. These metabolites uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, preventing the generation of ATP, and also inhibit cytochrome c-cytochrome oxidase activity and electron transport. The carcinogenic properties of hexachlorobutadiene are proposed to result from binding of the sulfenic acid degradation product or a thioketene intermediate to cellular DNA. The binding of hexachlorobutadiene to alpha 2u-globulin is believed to be an important factor in its nephrotoxicity. (L94, A54)

Hexachlorobutadiene

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

CLASSIFICATION: C; possible human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Observation of renal neoplasms in male and female rats in one study. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None.

No data are available in humans. Limited evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.

A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Volume 73: (1999) Some Chemicals that Cause Tumours of the Kidney or Urinary Bladder in Rodents and Some Other Substances

3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)

Hexachlorobutadiene is damaging to the liver and kidney, and may result in fatty liver degeneration, epithelial necrotizing nephritis, central nervous system depression and cyanosis.

(L93, L94)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L94); inhalation (L94); dermal (L94)

Burning sensation. Cough. Sore throat. Symptoms may be delayed.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Pain. Redness. Blisters. Skin burns.

Pain. Redness. Severe deep burns. Loss of vision.

Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Shock or collapse.

In Animals: irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; kidney damage; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Inhalation of hexachlorobutadiene causes nasal irritation and difficulty breathing. (L94)

Developmental (effects while organs are developing), Renal (Urinary System or Kidneys)

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, kidneys

[in animals: kidney tumors]

Chemical: HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.

1 x 10^-3 mg/kg-day

PDF Document

See the IRIS entry for Hexachlorobutadiene

IRIS Current

ATSDR Final

PPRTV Current

LC50 (mouse) = 370 mg/m3

LD50: 90 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14)

LD50: 175 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Rat) (T14)

LD50: 1211 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (T14)

LD50 Guinea pig single oral 90 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse single oral 87-116 mg/kg

LD50 Rat single oral 200-350 mg/kg

LD50 21-day-old male & female mice oral 64 & 46 mg/kg, respectively

LC50 Fathead minnow 0.09 mg/l/96 hr (confidence limit, 0.09-0.10 mg/l), age 31 days, 24.9 °C, 8.0 mg/l dissolved oxygen, 45.0 mg/l CaCO3 as water hardness, pH 7.42 /Sample 98% pure/ /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

TLm Carassius quratus (goldfish): 0.09 mg/l at 17.5 °C (Renewal bioassay)

LC50 Poecilia reticulata (guppy) 0.4 ppm/14 days /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

1.20e+00

5.30e+00

1.30e-01

5.60e-01

1.40e-01

1.00e+00

2.70e-04

7.80e-02

1.00e-03

Volatile

1.68e+01

1.20e+02

5.30e+02

1.30e+01

5.60e+01

1.40e+01

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur in fish. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment.

Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene's production and use as a solvent for elastomers, heat transfer liquid, transformer and hydraulic fluid may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.22 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates hexachloro-1,3-butadiene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase hexachloro-1,3-butadiene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 534 days. Direct photolysis of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene is expected to occur due to absorption of light in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm). If released to soil, hexachloro-1,3-butadiene is expected to have low to no mobility based upon a range of Koc values from 5.02X10+3 to 2.75X10+5. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.03X10-2 atm-cu m/mole. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene vaporization from light (silty) soils is more rapid than from heavy (clayey) soils. If released into water, hexachloro-1,3-butadiene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the range of Kocs. Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene biodegrades in aqueous aerobic and anaerobic batch tests. Estimated disappearance half-lives for hexachloro-1,3-butadiene, which are based upon monitoring data, are 3-30 days in river water and 30-300 days in lake and ground waters. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.7 hours and 6.4 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. BCF values for hexachloro-1,3-butadiene from 5800 to 17000 suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high. Hydrolysis is not expected to occur due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. Occupational exposure to hexachloro-1,3-butadiene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where hexachloro-1,3-butadiene and tetrachloroethylene are produced. Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene is produced as a by-product of tetrachloroethylene manufacture. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to hexachloro-1,3-butadiene via inhalation of ambient air, and ingestion of food and drinking water contaminated with this compound. (SRC)

Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene is not known to occur as a natural product(1).

Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene's production and use as a solvent for elastomers, heat transfer liquid, transformer and hydraulic fluid(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). A survey of six industries, found that higher concns of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene were associated with the production of perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene than with plants producing chlorine and triazine herbicides(3). Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene is also released during refuse combustion and is found in fly ash(4).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 5.02X10+3 to 2.75X10+5(2-4), indicate that hexachloro-1,3-butadiene is expected to have low to no mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.03X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(5). However, volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to soil(SRC). One day and 1 month after a spring application of 250 kg hexachloro-1,3-butadiene/ha in a vineyard, the air contained 0.08 and 0.003 mg hexachloro-1,3-butadiene/cu m, respectively(4). After an application of 150 kg, corresponding values were 0.06 and 0.001 mg/ha, respectively(6). Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene vaporization from light (silty) soils was more rapid than from heavy (clayey) soils(6). Raising temperatures from 13 to 18 deg hastened hexachloro-1,3-butadiene vaporization 5-fold in static conditions, and its application on granulated superphosphate decreased vaporization in comparison with liquid application(6). In aerobic and anaerobic batch tests in aqueous systems, hexachloro-1,3-butadiene biodegrades(7-9); thus, hexachloro-1,3-butadiene may biodegrade in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a range of Koc values from 5.02X10+3 to 2.75X10+5(2-4), indicate that hexachloro-1,3-butadiene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(5) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.03X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(5), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.7 hours and 6.4 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 201 days if adsorption is considered(7). According to a classification scheme(8), BCF values for hexachloro-1,3-butadiene from 5,800 to 17,000 suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(9-10). Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene may biodegrade in natural waters(11). Estimated half-lives for hexachloro-1,3-butadiene disappearance based on monitoring data are 3-30 days in river water and 30-300 days in lake and ground waters(12). Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene biodegrades under methanogenic conditions(13,14).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), hexachloro-1,3-butadiene, which has a vapor pressure of 0.22 mm Hg at 25 °C(2) is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase hexachloro-1,3-butadiene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 534 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.0X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene absorbs light in the environmental spectrum and has the potential for direct photolysis(4).

AEROBIC: Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene may biodegrade in natural waters since 100% degradation occurred in 7 days in an aerobic batch culture incubated at 25 °C and inoculated with settled domestic sewage(1). Estimated half-lives for hexachloro-1,3-butadiene disappearance based on monitoring data are 3-30 days in river water and 30-300 days in lake and ground waters(2). ANAEROBIC: Greater than 99% of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene transformed to (E,E)-1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobutadiene by reductive dechlorination in columns with Rhine sediment (Germany) operated at 20 °C with methanogenic electron acceptors(3). Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene was only removed under methanogenic conditions using these sediments and not when oxygen or nitrate were present in the column experiments(4). Reductive dechlorination in the column was ascribed to the activity of anaerobic microorganisms(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.0X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 534 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). An estimate of tropospheric half-life obtained from monitoring data at remote sites is 1.6 yr in the northern hemisphere and 0.6 yr in the southern hemisphere(2). Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3). In the laboratory, hexachloro-1,3-butadiene was adsorbed on silica gel, placed in a pure oxygen atmosphere, and exposed to an artificial light source through quartz or pyrex glass(4). After a 3 day exposure through the quartz filter, 10-50% of the theoretical HCl and/or Cl2 and 50-90% of the CO2 were formed; after 6 days exposure through the pyrex filter (>290 nm wavelength), 50-90% of the theoretical HCl and/or CO2 and 50-90% of the CO2 were formed(4).

The mean bioconcentration factor (BCF) for rainbow trout exposed to 0.10 ng/l and 3.4 ng/l of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene was 5,800 and 17,000, respectively(1). The BCF for fathead minnow exposed to hexachloro-1,3-butadiene was 6,918(2). According to a classification scheme(3), these BCF values suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high. The mean bioconcentration factor for hexachloro-1,3-butadiene between oligocheate worms and sediment in Lake Ontario near the Niagara River was 0.43(4). The concn of the chemical in the sediment pore water was the main factor affecting bioconcentration(4).

The Koc of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene ranges from 5.02X10+3 to 2.75X10+5(1-3). According to a classification scheme(4), these Koc values suggest that hexachloro-1,3-butadiene has slight to no mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for hexachloro-1,3-butadiene is 1.03X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that hexachloro-1,3-butadiene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 1.7 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 6.4 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 201 days if adsorption is considered(3). Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). One day and 1 month after a spring application of 250 kg hexachloro-1,3-butadiene/ha in a vineyard, the air contained 0.08 and 0.003 mg hexachloro-1,3-butadiene/cu m, respectively(4). After an application of 150 kg, corresponding values were 0.06 and 0.001 mg/ha, respectively(4). Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene vaporization from light (silty) soils was more rapid than from heavy (clayey) soils(4). Raising temperatures from 13 to 18 deg hastened hexachloro-1,3-butadiene vaporization 5-fold in static conditions, and its application on granulated superphosphate decreased vaporization in comparison with liquid application(4).

SURFACE WATER: Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene was detected in surface water at 4 of 522 stations in the United States at an average concn and range of concns of 51.8 ug/l and 2.1 to 180 ug/l, respectively(1). Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene was found at concns of 10 and 23 ug/l in water sampled beyond the boundaries of two chemical plants(2). Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene concn in an open waste treatment pond was 244 ug/l(2). Mississippi River water at Baton Rouge, LA contained 1.9 ppb of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene(3). Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene was found in the Ashtabula River (Ohio) at an unspecified concn(4). Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene has also been detected in Lake Erie water(5). Grab samples of water from Lake Ontario, the Niagara River, and the Detroit River contained mean hexachloro-1,3-butadiene concns of 0.01, 0.2, and 0.1 parts per trillion, respectively(6). Between 1982 and 1985 the average concn of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene in the Rhine River ranged from 0.01-0.1 ppb(7). The concn of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene in the North Sea off the coast of the Netherlands during 1983-1984 ranged from <0.02-1.30 parts per trillion, median 0.23 parts per trillion(8). Since the concn in the Rhine River was 15 parts per trillion, it was concluded that the river was a source of this contaminant(8). The range of concns of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene in the River Elbe upstream (at Zollenspieker) and downstream (at Seemannshoft) of Hamburg, Germany was 2-4.23 ng/l and 2.3-2.6 ng/l, respectively(9).

GROUNDWATER: Hexachloro- 1,3-butadiene was detected in groundwater at 3 of 3802 stations in the United States at an average concn and range of concns of 45.4 ug/l and 0.2 to 890 ug/l, respectively(1). In Lombardia, Italy, groundwater contaminated by industrial wastes contained hexachloro-1,3-butadiene ranging from 0.1 to 266.2 ng/l(2). In wells near Limbiate and Senago, Italy, goundwater contaminated by industrial wastes contained hexachloro-1,3-butadiene at max concns of approximately 3 ng/ml and 0.9 ng/ml, respectively(3).

DRINKING WATER: At public water systems (PWS) in the United States, the mean concn of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene in water was 1.32 ug/l (range, 0.0005-10 ug/l; 33 of 2,913 stations with detections), 0.1 ug/l (1 of 125 stations with detections), and 0.36 ug/l (range, 0.0005-8 ug/l; 81 of 17,038 stations with detections) for surface water, ground water under the direct influence of surface water, and ground water sources, respectively(1). PWS water quality testing is performed at many points in the system, including the intake and at various points in the treatment and distribution systems, as well as at the point where the drinking water can be labeled as finished drinking water(1). Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene concn ranged from 0.04 to 0.70 ug/l in New Orleans drinking water from the Carrollton water plant(2). The highest hexachloro-1,3-butadiene concn found in tap water from houses near Love Canal (Niagara Falls, NY) was 170 ng/l(3).

Effluent from the Diamond Shamrock Corp in Deerpark, TX contained 2 ug/l hexachloro-1,3-butadiene(1). Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene was found to be discharged from the Niagara Falls Sewage treatment plant (concns were not indicated)(2). Surficial sediments near the Tso-yin (Taiwan) ocean outfall sewage pipe had a high concn of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene, ranging from 7-7500 ng/cu m(3).

VINEYARDS INFECTED WITH PHYLLOXERA WERE TREATED WITH HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE (HCBD) AT 250 KG/HA. THE MAXIMUM LEVEL OF HCBD WAS DETECTED 8 MONTHS AFTER THE LAST APPLICATION (4.36 MG/KG IN THE 75-100 CM LAYER AND 7.3 MG/KG IN THE 50-75 CM LAYER); HCBD LEVELS 32 MONTHS AFTER APPLICATION IN THE 50-75 CM AND 75-100 CM LAYERS WERE 0.65 AND 2.99 MG/KG, RESPECTIVELY.

SOILS: Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene concn in soil near a chemical plant was 0.11 ug/g(1). Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene levels of 0.15 and 0.34 ug/g were found at the boundaries of the two other plants(1). Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene was found in soil near the Mississippi River at 433.0 ppb (dry basis)(2). Sediment from Lake Ontario near the Niagara River contained 3-11 ppb hexachloro-1,3-butadiene(3,4). Levee soil in Louisiana contained levels ranging from undetectable to 800 ug/kg, ditch mud levels ranged from undetectable to 500 ug/kg and soil samples collected from sites removed from a transect of the levees contained levels ranging from < 0.7 to 321.5 ug/kg (433.0 ug/kg corrected to dry wt)(5). In a US study in 1975 and 1976, highest levels were detected in soil around factories associated with the production of tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene (highest reported concn, 980 ug/g)(5).

SEDIMENTS: Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene has also been detected in Lake Michigan sediment(1) and from suspended matter of the Hylebos Waterway in Tacoma, WA(2). Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene was found in Ohio River sediment near Louisville, KY at 2 and 17 ng/g(3). Sediments in southern Lake Huron, Lake St. Clair, Western Lake Huron, Central Lake Erie, and Eastern Lake Erie contained mean hexachloro-1,3-butadiene concns of 0.08, 7.3, 1.6, 0.2, and 0.2 ppb (dry/wt), respectively(4). Concn of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene in sediments from Liverpool Bay, England ranged from <0.02 to >8 mg/kg(5). The mean concn of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene in Lake Charles, LA sediments was 49.5 ug/g (wet wt)(6). The mean concn of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene in sediments from Bayou d'Inde near Lake Charles, LA were 95.1 mg/kg, 2.8 mg/kg, and 1.9 mg/kg (dry wt) for the 106-1400 um, 53-106 um, and <53 um sediment size fractions, respectively(7). Surficial sediments near the Tso-yin (Taiwan) ocean outfall sewage pipe had a high concn of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene; sediments in this area had a hexachloro-1,3-butadiene concn of 47.4 ng/g(8).

ONE DAY AND 1 MONTH AFTER A SPRING APPLICATION OF 250 KG HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE (HCBD)/HA VINEYARD, THE AIR CONTAINED 0.08 AND 0.003 MG HCBD/CU M, RESPECTIVELY. AFTER AN APPLICATION OF 150 KG HCBD/HA, CORRESPONDING VALUES WERE 0.06 AND 0.001.

SOURCE DOMINATED: The max hexachloro-1,3-butadiene concn was 460 ug/cu m in the air at a plant that produced perchloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorine(1). Max hexachloro-1,3-butadiene air concn off plant property was 0.22 ug/cu m(1). At another plant, hexachloro-1,3-butadiene concn was 10 ug/cu m at the plant boundary(1). The normalized concn of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene in emissions from a pilot plant for waste gasification and combustion ranged from 7-7500 ng/cu m(2). Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene was found at 0.41 ug/cu m in the ambient air of a household basement in Niagara Falls, NY(3).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U128, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Incineration: Spray into a furnace with afterburner and alkali scrubber. Incineration will become easier by mixing with a more flammable solvent.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. Hexachlorobutadiene is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for HEXACHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for HEXACHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2279; Hexachlorobutadiene

IMO 6.1; Hexachlorobutadiene

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Severe marine pollutant.

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III