pentachlorophenol

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300 (33.3%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H301 (66.7%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (33.3%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H311 (66.7%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (66.7%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H351 (100%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (66.7%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

H413 (33.3%): May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 24 reports by companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P273, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention . Wear protective gloves when administering first aid.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Phenols are very toxic poisons AND corrosive and irritating, so that inducing vomiting may make medical problems worse. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.

Extinguish surrounding fire using suitable agent. Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit and filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Shovel into suitable dry container.

1) Ventilate area of spill. 2) Collect spilled material in most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers for reclamation or ... disposal ... Liq containing pentachlorophenol should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth or similar material.

Biological treatment is principal secondary treatment method but other ... methods employed at some wood preservative plants are carbon absorption, membrane filtration ... and oxidation by chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, and ozone. The reduction in concn of pentachlorophenol ... /in biological treatment/ is thought to occur by adsorption upon biomass rather than by degradation.

Avoid contact with solid and dust. Keep people away. Stop discharge if possible. Isolate and remove discharged material. Notify local health and pollution control agencies.

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Pentachlorophenol (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers D037; F027 must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Pentachlorophenol is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Incineration (600 deg to 900 deg) coupled with adequate scrubbing and ash disposal facilities.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for pentachlorophenol: Concentration process: Biological Treatment.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for Pentachlorophenol (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Personnel must leave aprons, protective coveralls, chemical resistant gloves, work footwear, and any other material contaminated with preservative at the treatment facility.

Follow manufacturer's instructions for cleaning/maintaining PPE. If no such instructions for washables exist, use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry. Discard clothing and other absorbent material that have been drenched or heavily contaminated with the product's concentrate. Do not reuse them.

Eating, drinking, and smoking are prohibited in the treatment cylinder load-out area, drip pad area, and engineering control room of the wood treatment facilities. EXCEPTION: Where treating operator control rooms are isolated from the treating cylinders, drip pad, and work tanks, eating, drinking, and smoking (depending on local restrictions) are permitted.

Users should wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco, or using the toilet. Users should remove clothing/PPE immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing. Users should remove PPE immediately after handling this product. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Pentachlorophenol (28 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Where possible, automatically transfer material from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where this chemical is handled, used, or stored. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used or stored ...

Temperature: ambient.

Venting: open.

Store in cool, dry, well ventilated location. Separate from acids, alkalies, oxidizing materials, and other organic materials.

For more Storage Conditions (Complete) data for Pentachlorophenol (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - PCP in urine (with hydrolysis) prior to last shift of workweek: Nq (Biological monitoring should be considered for this compound based on the review; however, a specific BEI could not be determined due to insufficient data.) [TLVs and BEIs]

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

1 [mg/m3]

15 [mg/m3]

150 [mg/m3]

0.5 mg/m³

TWA 0.5 mg/m3 [skin]

0.5 [mg/m3]

2.5 mg/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Dusts are particularly irritating to the eyes and nose at concentrations greater than 1 mg/m3 but concentrations up to 2.4 mg/m3 have been tolerated by workers that have been conditioned [Clayton and Clayton 1981]. It has been reported that 401 mg/kg is the minimum lethal oral dose [Haley 1977]. [Note: An oral dose of 401 mg/kg is equivalent to a worker being exposed to about 19,000 mg/m3 for 30 minutes, assuming a breathing rate of 50 liters per minute and 100% absorption.]

2.5 mg/cu m

2.5 mg/m³

2.5 mg/m3

See: 87865

0.5 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction and vapor

1.0 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction and vapor

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 mg/cu m, skin, Inhalable fraction and vapor

15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 1 mg/cu m, inhalable fraction and vapor.

A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: pentachlorophenol in urine; Sampling Time: prior to last shift of workweek. Biological monitoring should be considered for this compound based on the review; however, a specific BEI could not be determined due to insufficient data.

0.5 mg/m

0.5 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor)[2013]

1 mg/m³ (inhalable fraction and vapor) [2013]

skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 2

Acute Oral: 0.005 mg/kg/day (L134)

Intermediate Oral: 0.001 mg/kg/day (L134)

Chronic Oral: 0.001 mg/kg/day (L134)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

Pentachlorophenol appears as a white crystalline solid. Slightly soluble in water. Noncombustible. Toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and skin absorption. Used as a fungicide and as a wood preservative.

Colorless to white, crystalline solid with a benzene-like odor; [NIOSH]

WHITE CRYSTALS OR SOLID IN VARIOUS FORMS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless to white, crystalline solid with a benzene-like odor.

Colorless to white, crystalline solid with a benzene-like odor. [fungicide]

White monoclinic, crystalline solid

Needle-like crystals

Colorless to white crystalline solid

Phenolic odor

Very pungent odor, only when hot

Benzene-like odor

Taste threshold of 30 ug/L

588 to 590 °F at 760 mmHg (with decomposition) (NTP, 1992)

309-310 °C (decomposes)

588 °F (decomposes)

588 °F (Decomposes)

376 °F (NTP, 1992)

less than 1 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

Slightly soluble in ligroin; very soluble in diethyl ether

Soluble in most organic solvents, for example acetone 215 g/L at 20 °C. Slightly soluble in ... parafins.

Sol in dilute alkali, carbitol, cellosolve

Solubilities (g/100 g of solution at 20 °C): 2 g in carbon tetrachloride; 8.5 in o-dichlorobenzene; 3.1 g in diesel oil; 32 in pine oil; 1.5 in Stoddard solvent

For more Solubility (Complete) data for Pentachlorophenol (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

0.014 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.001

1.98 at 59 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.978 g/mL

DENSITY OF SATURATED AIR: 1.0000011 (AIR= 1); PERCENT IN SATURATED AIR: 0.0000145% BY VOLUME AT 20 °C; 1 MG/L IS EQUIVALENT TO 91.9 PPM & 1 PPM IS EQUIVALENT TO 0.01088 MG/L AT 25 °C

1.98 g/cm³

Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.00

1.978 @ 22°C

9.2 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

9.20 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 9.2

0.00011 mmHg at 68 °F ; 40 mmHg at 412.2 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.00011 [mmHg]

1.10X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 0.02

0.00011 mmHg

(77 °F): 0.0001 mmHg

Slightly soluble in water.

Phenols and Cresols

Aryl Halides

PENTACHLOROPHENOL may react with strong oxidizing agents. Incompatible with strong bases, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides. Forms salts with alkaline metals. Solutions in oil cause natural rubber to deteriorate, but synthetic rubber may be used in equipment and for protective clothing (NTP, 1992).

Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fires or explosions.

Reacts with acids, alkalies, oxidizing materials, and other organic materials.

Strong oxidizers, acids, alkalis.

Strong oxidizers, acids, alkalis

CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile

Pentachlorophenol is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase inhibitor (or 'anticholinesterase') suppresses the action of acetylcholinesterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholinesterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses, followed by muscle spasms and ultimately death. Nerve gases and many substances used in insecticides have been shown to act by binding a serine in the active site of acetylcholine esterase, inhibiting the enzyme completely. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop. Among the most common acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are phosphorus-based compounds, which are designed to bind to the active site of the enzyme. The structural requirements are a phosphorus atom bearing two lipophilic groups, a leaving group (such as a halide or thiocyanate), and a terminal oxygen.

Pentachlorophenol

Endocrine

5 x 10 ^-3 mg/kg-day

Semi-Volatile Organic Compound (SVOC) and(or) Waste-water effluent contaminant

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Evaluation: There is limited evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of combined exposures to polychlorophenols and their sodium salts. ... There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of pentachlorophenol. Overall evaluation: Combined exposures to polychlorophenols or to their sodium salts are possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). /Polychlorophenols & sodium salts/

Cancer Classification: Group B2 Probable Human Carcinogen

CLASSIFICATION: B2; probable human carcinogen BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: The classification is based on inadequate human data and sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals: statistically significant increases in the incidences of multiple biologically significant tumor types (hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas, adrenal medulla pheochromocytomas, and malignant pheochromocytomas, and/or hemangiomas) in one or both sexes of B6C3F1 mice using two different preparations of pentachlorophenol. In addition, a high incidence of two uncommon tumors (adrenal medulla pheochromocytomas and hemangiomas/hemangiosarcomas) was observed with both preparations. The classification is supported by mutagenicity data, which provides some indication that pentachlorophenol has clastogenic potential. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Sufficient. /Based on former classification system/

A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Group 1: Carcinogenic to humans

Volume 53: (1991) Occupational Exposures in Insecticide Application, and Some Pesticides

Volume 71: (1999) Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3)

Volume 117: (2019) Pentachlorophenol and Some Related Compounds

Pentachlorophenol, Purified

TR-483: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Pentachlorophenol in F344/N Rats (Feed Studies) (1999 )

12/10/97

Some Evidence

No Evidence

Chemical Not Tested in Species/Sex

Under the conditions of this 2-year feed study, there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of pentachlorophenol in male or female F344/N rats fed diets containing 200, 400, or 600 ppm. There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of pentachlorophenol in male F344/N rats given feed containing 1,000 ppm for 1 year followed by control feed for 1 year (stop-exposure study), based on increased incidences of mesothelioma and nasal squamous cell carcinoma. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of pentachlorophenol in female rats given feed containing 1,000 ppm for 1 year and maintained on control feed for 1 year.

Stop-exposure males and females recovered from a transitory reduction in body weight gain by the end of the 2-year study, and males had increased survival compared to the controls.

Pentachlorophenol, Technical

TR-349: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Two Pentachlorophenol Technical-Grade Mixtures (CASRN 87-86-5) in B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies) (1989 )

04/18/88

Clear Evidence

Under the conditions of these 2-year feed studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity for male B6C3F1 mice fed diets containing technical-grade pentachlorophenol, as shown by increased incidences of adrenal medullary and hepatocellular neoplasms. There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity for female B6C3F1 mice exposed to technical-grade pentachlorophenol, as shown by increased incidences of hemangiosarcomas and hepatocellular neoplasms. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity for male B6C3F1 mice exposed to pentachlorophenol, EC-7, as shown by increased incidences of adrenal medullary and hepatocellular neoplasms. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity for female B6C3F1 mice exposed to pentachlorophenol, EC-7, as shown by increased incidences of adrenal medullary and hepatocellular neoplasms and hemangiosarcomas. Chemically related increased incidences of nonneoplastic lesions in mice of each sex included hepatocellular cytomegaly, necrosis, inflammation, pigmentation, and clear cell foci and intrahepatic bile duct hyperplasia.

Pentachlorophenol, Dowicide EC-7

2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Certain reproductive effects in fertility, growth, and development for males and females have been linked specifically to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Most of the research on reproductive effects has been conducted on farmers working with pesticides and insecticdes in rural areas. In females menstrual cycle disturbances, longer pregnancies, spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and some developmental effects in offspring have been linked to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Prenatal exposure has been linked to impaired fetal growth and development. Neurotoxic effects have also been linked to poisoning with OP pesticides causing four neurotoxic effects in humans: cholinergic syndrome, intermediate syndrome, organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP), and chronic organophosphate-induced neuropsychiatric disorder (COPIND). These syndromes result after acute and chronic exposure to OP pesticides.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L127) ; inhalation (L127) ; dermal (L127)

Cough. Dizziness. Drowsiness. Headache. Fever. Laboured breathing. Sore throat.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Blisters. Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal cramps. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Unconsciousness. Vomiting. Weakness. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes, nose, throat; sneezing, cough; lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), anorexia, weight loss; sweating; headache, dizziness; nausea, vomiting; dyspnea (breathing difficulty), chest pain; high fever; dermatitis

Exposure to high levels of pentachlorophenol can cause the cells in the body to produce excess heat, resulting in a very high fever, profuse sweating, and difficulty breathing. Contact with pentachlorophenol, particularly in the form of vapor can irritate the skin, eyes, and mouth. (L127, L128)

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhychos (Mallard duck, 10 day old) oral (5-day diet) approx 4500 ppm

LC50; Species: Anas platyrynchus (Mallard duck) diet 3763 ppm for 5 days /88.9% ai/

LD50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard, 3 month old female) oral 380 mg/kg (mean)

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Bobwhite quail) oral 627 mg/kg /88.0% ai/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Pentachlorophenol (181 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ By means of controlled laboratory experiments it was established that timber treatment fluids containing gamma hexachlorocyclohexane and pentachlorophenol and used according to manufacturers' recommendations rapidly cause the death of pipistrelle bats roosting in contact with timber treated between six wk and 14 mo previously. The chemicals responsible are presumably ingested when the bats groom their fur after they have been in contact with the treated timber. Bats prevented from establishing such bodily contact took longer to die indicating that absorption of the vapor phase of the tested chemicals also takes place across the skin or respiratory epithelium. Acrylic resin reduces the lethal effect when used as a sealant over wood treated with gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane and pentachlorophenol, but polyurethane varnish does not.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ /Mean oral/ LD50 for female mallards at age 3 mo was 380 mg/kg and for female pheasants at age 3-6 mo, 504 mg/kg./ Signs of intoxication: Polydipsia and regurgitation (in mallards), tachypnea, wing shivers or twitching, jerkiness, shakiness, ataxia, imbalance, tremors, and spasms. Signs appeared as soon as 10 min and mortalities in mallards usually occurred between 2 and 24 hr after treatment and in pheasants between 3 and 5 days after treatment. However, one pheasant died after about 3 hr and one died between 10 and 12 days after treatment. Remission took up to 2 wk.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Residues of PCP in the aquatic invertebrate and vertebrate fauna are in the low ug/kg range (wet weight). Very high levels (up to 6400 ug/kg) are found in fish from waters that are contaminated with wood preservatives, while sediment-dwelling organisms, such as clams, show PCP levels of up to 133,000 ug/kg. Fish kills result in PCP residues in fish of between 10 and 30 mg/kg.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Most aquatic invertebrates (annelids, mollusks, crustacea) and vertebrates (fish) are affected by PCP concentrations below 1 mg/L in acute toxicity tests. Generally, reproductive and juvenile stages are the most sensitive, with LC50 values as low as 0.01 mg/L for fish larvae. Low levels of dissolved oxygen, low pH, and high temperature increase the toxic effects of PCP. Concentrations causing sublethal effects on fish are in the low g/L range. As PCP contamination in many surface waters is in this range, population and community effects cannot be ruled out. This is also indicated by the substantial alterations in the community structure of model ecosystems that are induced by PCP. PCP is accumulated by aquatic organisms. Fresh-water fish show bioconcentration factors of up to 1000 compared to <100 in marine fish. The portion of PCP taken up, either through the surrounding water or along the food chain, is probably species specific.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Pentachlorophenol (40 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1.00e+00

4.00e+00

5.50e-01

2.40e+00

4.10e-02

1.40e-03

4.00e-01

5.00e-03

Volatile

1.00e+02

4.00e+02

5.50e+01

2.40e+02

4.10e+00

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

Pentachlorophenol's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as a wood preservative and surface disinfectant will result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.1X10-4 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates pentachlorophenol will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase pentachlorophenol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 29 days. The chemical behavior of pentachlorophenol will depend on whether it exists primarily as the phenol under acidic conditions or the phenolate anion, under basic conditions. Pentachlorophenol has a pH-dependent absorption max of 303 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, pentachlorophenol is expected to have low to no mobility based upon measured Koc values ranging from 1250 for the dissociated form to 25,000 for the undissociated form. The pKa of pentachlorophenol is 4.70, indicating that this compound will almost entirely exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the acid exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. As much as 55% of added pentachlorophenol was photodegraded in a sandy clay loam soil in 14 days, suggesting the photolysis of the dissociated form may be an important terrestrial fate process. Pentachlorophenol may not volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Screening biodegradability tests give conflicting results; pentachlorophenol does biodegrade but may require several weeks for acclimation. If released into water, pentachlorophenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon its measured Koc values. The pKa indicates pentachlorophenol will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. BCF values from approximately 5 to 5000 indicate that bioconcentration of pentachlorophenol in aquatic organisms is low to high, with the value being greatly influenced by environmental pH. Bioconcentration is expected to be pH dependent with greater accumulation at lower pH values. Pentachlorophenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Pentachlorophenol has a pH-dependent absorption max of 303 nm and will photodegrade rapidly in surface water when exposed to direct sun light with a measured half-life of 0.86 hrs reported. Occupational exposure to pentachlorophenol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where pentachlorophenol is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to pentachlorophenol via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound. Once used in tremendous volumes as an insecticide and fungicide in preserving wood products, pentachlorophenol is being phased out as polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans have been found to be impurities associated with the manufacturing process as well as the sensitive detection methods that have been applied. (SRC)

It has been suggested that pentachlorophenol is a product of fungus metabolism(1).

Pentachlorophenol's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as a wood preservative(1) and surface disinfectant(2) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 1250 for the dissociated form to 25,000 for the undissociated form(2), indicate that pentachlorophenol is expected to have low to no mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of pentachlorophenol is 4.70(3), indicating that this compound will almost entirely exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the acid exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. Pentachlorophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.1X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). As much as 55% of added pentachlorophenol was photodegraded in a sandy clay loam soil in 14 days(6), suggesting the photolysis of the dissociated form may be an important terrestrial fate process(SRC). Screening biodegradability tests give conflicting results(7-13); pentachlorophenol does biodegrade but may require several weeks for acclimation(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 1250 for the dissociated form to 25,000 for the undissociated form(2), indicate that pentachlorophenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). A pKa of 4.70(3) indicates pentachlorophenol will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(4). According to a classification scheme(5), measured BCF values of 5(6) to 5370(7), suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to very high(SRC), with the value being greatly influenced by environmental pH(8). Pentachlorophenol has a pH-dependent absorption max of 303 nm(9) and will rapidly photodegrade in surface water when exposed to direct sun light(10); a measured half-life for the photolysis in solution has been reported to be 0.86 hrs(11). Screening biodegradability tests give conflicting results(12-18); pentachlorophenol does biodegrade but may require several weeks for acclimation(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: The 2nd year of a 2-year study of the fate of pentachlorophenol in outdoor artificial streams focused on details of microbial degradation by a combination of in situ and laboratory measurements. Replicate streams were dosed continuously at pentachlorophenol concns of 0, 48, and 144 ug/L, respectively, for an 88 day period during the summer of 1983. Pentachlorophenol was degraded both aerobically and anaerobically. Aerobic degradation was more rapid than anaerobic degradation. Mineralization of pentachlorophenol was concommitant with pentachlorophenol disappearance under aerobic conditions, but lagged behind loss of the parent molecule under anaerobic conditions. Biodegradation in the streams, or in specific stream compartments such as the sediment or water column, was characterized by an adaptation period (3-5 weeks for the stream as a whole, and reproducible from the previous year), which was inversely dependent on the concn of pentachlorophenol and microbial biomass. The adaptation in the streams could be attributed to the time necessary for selective enrichment of an initially low population of pentachlorophenol degraders on surface compartments. The extent of biodegradation in the streams (percent loss of initial concn of pentachlorophenol) increased with increasing pentachlorophenol input, which was explicable by an increase in the pentachlorophenol degrader population with increasing pentachlorophenol concn. The sediment zone most significant to overall pentachlorophenol biodegradation was the top 0.5 to 1 cm layer as shown by pentachlorophenol migration rates and depth profiles of degrader density within the sediment. Pentachlorophenol profiles in sediment cores taken during and after the adaptation period for degradation showed that diffusion of pentachlorophenol into the sediment was rate limiting to degradation in this compartment.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), pentachlorophenol, which has a vapor pressure of 1.1X10-4 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), should exist almost entirely in vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase pentachlorophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 29 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 0.55X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Pentachlorophenol has a pH-dependent absorption max of 303 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight.

Screening biodegradability tests give conflicting results(1-7); pentachlorophenol does biodegrade but may require several weeks for acclimation(3-7). Using an acclimated pentachlorophenol-degrading culture, half-lives of 85 (lag time of 27 hours) and 420 (lag time of 220 hours) hours were reported for aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively(8). Pentachlorophenol, present at 100 mg/L, reached 1% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(9). Acclimation of microbial communities to pentachlorophenol appears to increase tolerance to pentachlorophenol and/or select for pentachlorophenol-tolerant microorganisms(10). Pentachlorophenol, at an initial concn of 300-500 ug/L, had a half-life of 2.6 days using a sludge inoculum(11). At this concentration, no lag phase was seen(11).

AEROBIC: Average first-order rate constants of 0.006, 0.002, 0.005 per hour were measured for pentachlorophenol at an initial concn of 5 ug/L, 10 ug/L and 10 mg/L, respectively, in a SCAS test using synthetic sewage with a sludge retention time of 10 days(1). An avg first-order rate constant of 0.021 per hour was measured for pentachlorophenol at an initial concn of 10 ug/L in a SCAS test using domestic sewage with a sludge retention time of 10 days(1). Avg first-order rate constants of 0.006 and 0.027 per hour were measured for pentachlorophenol at an initial concn of 10 mg/L and 10 ug/L, respectively, in a SCAS test using domestic sewage with a sludge retention time of 20 days(1). Pentachlorophenol, initially present at 890 ug/L, was found at 0.39 ug/L in the effluent of an activated sewage sludge treatment plant; dewatered sludge contained 0.16 mg/kg pentachlorophenol(2). 41 and 60% removal was reported for pentachlorophenol in a trickling filter system (49 ug/L in secondary sludge) and during activated sludge treatment (99 ug/L in secondary sludge), respectively(3). After 6 months of operation, a lab-scale fixed film reactor was able to remove about 60% of the initially added pentachlorophenol; if glucose was added then removal reached 98%(4). Biodegradation of pentachlorophenol stopped when the sludge retention time was <8 days(5). Laboratory scale activated sludge reactors run under continuous flow conditions gave minimum and max first-order rate constants for the removal of pentachlorophenol of 0-2 and 1-24 per g/MLSS/day(6). Six municipal wastewater treatment plants were monitored for their ability to remove pentachlorophenol; 0.46, 0.43 (influent, effluent concns); 0.75, 0.50; 0.76, 0.65; 0.73, 0.62; 0.67, 0.41; 0.51, 0.19, were reported for the six treatment plants(7).

AEROBIC: No biodegradation of pentachlorophenol-contaminated soil (4 to 7 mg/kg soil) was reported in the first 6 days of aerobic incubation; over the next 12 days, an avg of 87% of the initial concn was lost with an avg rate of degradation of 0.32 mg/kg-day during the first 19 days and 0.64 mg/kg-day for day 12 to 19(1). Mineralization of pentachlorophenol in contaminated soil was measured at 30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg soil; max rates of 0.3 to 0.5 mg/kg-day were reported for the lower concn with 82% of the added pentachlorophenol recovered as CO2 in 7 months(2). Less than 2% of pentachlorophenol was mineralized in 7 months when it was added at 100 mg/kg(2). Mineralization of pentachlorophenol (initially at 30 mg/kg) in a pristine sandy loam soil did not occur while a pristine peaty soil mineralized 13% of a 30 mg/kg spike of pentachlorophenol(2). Less than 0.2% of the initially added pentachlorophenol was degraded to CO2 in 5 weeks following inoculation with pentachlorophenol-contaminated soil(3). Half-life in soil is approximately weeks to months(4-6). The main degradation products of pentachlorophenol in soil are 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorophenol and CO2(7).

AEROBIC: Little biodegradation was noted in 40 days in a river die-away study or in stream sediment(1). Approximately 6% biodegradation occurred in 160 days using clay loam aerobic soil with no added nutrients(2). A study of biodegradation in estuarine sediment indicated that pH (test conditions= pH 5, 6.5, 8, 9) and redox potential (test conditions: -250, 0, +250, +500 MV) considerably affected degradation; significant biodegradation (70%-35 days, 17 day lag period) was only noted at pH 6.5 and 8.0 at redox potential of +500 MV(3).

For more Environmental Biodegradation (Complete) data for Pentachlorophenol (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The chemical behavior of pentachlorophenol will depend on whether it exists primarily as the phenol under acidic conditions or the phenolate anion, under basic conditions(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of pentachlorophenol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 0.55X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 29 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). Pentachlorophenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3).

Pentachlorophenol has a pH-dependent absorption max of 303 nm(8) and therefore photolysis of the dissociated form in water may be an important fate process(1,2). A measured half-life for the photolysis of pentachlorophenol in solution has been reported to be 0.86 hrs(7). In water at pH 7.3, 90% degradation occurred in 10 hr with sunlight while at pH 3 (mostly undissociated form), 40% degradation occurred in 90 hr(2). Reported half-lives for photodegradation of the dissociated form have included 0.2 hr (10 cm deep)(1), 3.5 hr(2), 4.75 hr (300 cm deep)(1), and 10 days(3). Products of photodegradation include 2,3-dichloromaleic acid, 2,3,5,6- and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, tetrachlororesorcinol, tetrachlorocatechol(4), benzoquinones(2,3), and possibly dioxins(5). Photolysis in a solution of H2O-CH3CN using 290 nm wavelengths and a pH of 12 produces the photoproduct 2-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrachlorobenazole(6). Half-lives of 24 minutes, 30.9 minutes, and 635 minutes were reported for aqueous solutions of pentachlorophenol under direct sunlight, under a clear plastic sheet, and under a black plastic sheet, respectively(9). As much as 55% of added pentachlorophenol was photodegraded in a sandy clay loam soil in 14 days with conditions present to increase rates of evaporative flux(9). Little loss of pentachlorophenol was noted in dry soils or soils covered with black plastic. Photodegradation rates are lower than aqueous rates due to the attenuation of light by natural chromophores(9). A second-order rate constant of 9.36X10+7 per M-sec was reported for the reaction of pentachlorophenol with singlet oxygen(10).

BCF values of 776 in fathead minnow(1), 251-5370 in rainbow trout(2,3), 5-50 in sheepshead minnows(4), 295 in mosquito fish(5); 708(6), 960(7), and 977(8) in zebra fish, and 417 in golden orfe(6) have been reported. The accumulation increased with temperature in golden orfe and decreased with temperature in zebra fish(6). BCF values of 39-198 and 45-224 were measured in an 8-week carp study with pentachlorophenol concns of 30 and 3 ug/L, respectively(9). BCF values of 214 in Jordanella floridae and 380-1698 in Oryzias latipes were reported for pentachlorophenol(8). A BCF value of 13 was measured in bluegill muscle in an 8-day study(10). According to a classification scheme(11), these BCF values suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to very high(SRC), with the value being greatly influenced by environmental pH(12).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers D037; F027 must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Pentachlorophenol is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Incineration (600 deg to 900 deg) coupled with adequate scrubbing and ash disposal facilities.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for pentachlorophenol: Concentration process: Biological Treatment.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for Pentachlorophenol (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For UN3171, if Lithium ion batteries are involved, also consult GUIDE 147.

/GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 154 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Non-Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Pentachlorophenol (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 3155; Pentachlorophenol

IMO 6.1; Pentachlorophenol

UN 2761; Organochlorine pesticides, solid, toxic, not otherwise specified (compounds & preparations)

UN 2762; Organochlorine pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, not otherwise specified, flashpoint less than 23 °C (compounds & preparation)

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for Pentachlorophenol (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

49 613 80; Pentachlorophenol

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Pentachlorophenol is included on the dangerous goods list.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Pentachlorophenol is included on the dangerous goods list.

Usual shipping containers: lined fiber bags or drums. Bulk packaging in trucks and rail cars and bulk in tank barges.

For more Shipment Methods and Regulations (Complete) data for Pentachlorophenol (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Severe marine pollutant.

Symbol: T+, N; R: 24/25-26-36/37/38-40-50/53; S: (1/2)-22-36/37-45-52-60-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II