1-decene

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.4% (13 of 905) of reports.

H226 (97%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H304 (96.5%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H400 (74.9%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (74.9%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

H411 (14.5%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P273, P280, P301+P316, P303+P361+P353, P331, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 905 reports by companies from 27 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 13 of 905 reports by companies.

There are 26 notifications provided by 892 of 905 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

Not Classified

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria by 1 of 1 companies. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P321, P331, P332+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.

CONTACT WITH EYES OR SKIN: splashes in the eye should be removed by thorough flushing with water. Skin areas should be washed with soap and water. Contaminated clothing should be laundered before reuse. (USCG, 1999)

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide (USCG, 1999)

Use powder, alcohol-resistant foam, water spray, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

EXTINGUISH WITH DRY CHEMICAL, FOAM OR CARBON DIOXIDE.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in covered containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes. If swallowed the substance easily enters the airways and could result in aspiration pneumonitis.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

Organic canister or air-supplied mask, goggles or face shield. (USCG, 1999)

ORGANIC CANISTER OR AIR-SUPPLIED MASK, GOGGLES OR FACE SHIELD.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 46 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding).

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

1-decene is a colorless watery liquid with a pleasant odor. Floats on water. (USCG, 1999)

Colorless liquid with a pleasant odor; [HSDB]

COLOURLESS LIQUID.

Colorless liquid

PLEASANT

339.1 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

170.56 °C @ 760 mm Hg

-87.3 °F (USCG, 1999)

-66.3 °C

128 °F (USCG, 1999)

LESS THAN 131 °F (LESS THAN 55 °C) (CLOSED CUP)

46 °C c.c.

Miscible in ethanol and ethyl ether

In water, 0.115 mg/l @ 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml: (very poor)

0.741 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.7408 @ 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.74

4.84 (Air= 1)

1.67 [mmHg]

1.67 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.23

log Kow= 5.70

455 °F (USCG, 1999)

455 °F (235 °C)

1.09 sq mm/sec @ 20 °C

1.1 mm²/s at 20 °C

-19,107 BTU/LB = -10,615 CAL/G

119 BTU/LM = 65.9 CAL/G = 2.76X10+5 JOULES/KG

24 DYNES/CM = 0.025 N/M @ 20 °C

Odor Threshold Low: 7.0 [ppm]

[CAMEO] Odor threshold from HSDB

Index of refraction: 1.4215 @ 20 °C

LIQUID-WATER INTERFACIAL TENSION: 28 DYNES/CM= 0.028 N/M @ 22.7 °C; RATIO OF SPECIFIC HEATS OF VAPOR (GAS): 1.039

Conversion factor: 5.74 mg/cu m equivalent to 1 ppm

Boiling point

Chemical diffusion

Composition

Dielectric constant

Diffusion

Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

1-DECENE may react vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. May react exothermically with reducing agents to release hydrogen gas. In the presence of various catalysts (such as acids) or initiators, may undergo exothermic addition polymerization reactions. Will attack some forms of plastics (USCG, 1999).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol.

Dry skin.

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

LC (rat) > 8,500 mg/m3/1h

/1-Decene/ is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract and has CNS depressant properties. Decene ... may present an aspiration hazard when ingested.

SYMPTOMS FOLLOWING EXPOSURE: VAPORS MAY PRODUCE SLIGHT IRRITATION OF EYES & RESPIRATORY TRACT IF PRESENT IN HIGH CONCN. MAY ALSO ACT AS A SLIGHT ANESTHETIC @ HIGH CONCN.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur in aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

1-Decene's production and use in the synthesis of perfumes, flavors, pharmaceuticals, dyes, oils, and resins may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. 1-Decene is also a naturally occurring compound emitted by woodland vegetation located across the United States. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.67 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1-decene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-decene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals, ozone, and nitrate radicals; the half-life for these reactions in air is estimated to be 11, 25, and 24 hrs, respectively. If released to soil, 1-decene is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1720. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.68 atm-cu m/mole. 1-Decene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. 1-Decene's linear hydrocarbon structure would suggest that biodegradation is an important process in soil and water. If released into water, 1-decene is expected to adsorb to sediment and suspended solids in the water column based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.2 hrs and 5 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment. 1-Decene is degraded in water by reaction with hydroxyl radicals with a half-life estimated to be 111 days. An estimated BCF of 488 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Hydrolysis is not expected to occur due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. Occupational exposure to 1-decene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-decene is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to 1-decene via ingestion of food. (SRC)

1-Decene is found as a naturally occurring compound emitted by various plant types in California's Central Valley(1) and woodland vegetation located across the United States(2). 1-Decene is also a naturally occurring compound found as part of the volatile organic compounds emitted during the heating of soybean, rapeseed, peanut and Canola oil(3).

PRESENT IN JET AIRCRAFT EMISSIONS, SIMULATED HIGH ALTITUDE.

1-Decene's production and use in the synthesis of perfumes, flavors, pharmaceuticals, dyes, oils, and resins(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Also, the burning of plastic films used in agriculture(2) and the combustion of jet fuel(3) are potential sources of 1-decene in the environment.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1720(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-decene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-decene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.68 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from its vapor pressure of 1.67(3) and a water solubility of 0.115(4). The potential for volatilization of 1-decene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). 1-Decene's linear hydrocarbon structure would suggest that biodegradation is an important process in soil(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1720(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-decene is expected to adsorb to sediment and suspended solids in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.68 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed from a vapor pressure of 1.67(4) and a water solubility of 0.115(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.2 hrs and 5 days, respectively(SRC). However, this model underestimates the volatilization half-life of 1-decene since it does not take into account the effects of adsorption. This is apparent from the results of two EXAMS model runs, one in which the effect of adsorption was considered (half-life = 11 days in a model pond) and one in which adsorption was ignored (half-life = 40 hrs in a model pond)(6). 1-Decene's linear hydrocarbon structure would suggest that biodegradation is an important process in water(7). According to a classification scheme(8), an estimated BCF of 488(SRC), from a log Kow(9) and a regression-derived equation(10), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. 1-Decene is degraded in water by reaction with hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in water is estimated to be 111 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.22X10+9/M sec at 25 °C(11,12).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-decene, which has a vapor pressure of 1.67 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-decene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 11 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Vapor-phase 1-decene is degraded by ozone in the atmosphere; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 25 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.08X10-17 cu m/molecule-sec(4). 1-Decene is also degraded by nitrate in the ambient atmosphere; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1 day, calculated from its rate constant of 3.24X10-14 cu cm/molecule sec(3,5).

In a study of the degradation of hydrocarbons by various yeast cultures, 1-decene was assimilated by two out of thirteen cultures studied, Candida lipolytica and Candida pulcherrima(1). In a similar study of the yeast species Candida, 1-decene was found to be assimilated by 15 out of 55 Candid yeast cultures with only 2 of these displaying abundant growth, 8 moderate growth, and 5 slight growth(2). 1-Decene's linear hydrocarbon structure would suggest that biodegradation is an important process in soil and water(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-decene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 3.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 11 hrs at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-decene with ozone is 1.08X10-17 cu m/molecule-sec(3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 25 hrs(SRC) at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone per cu cm(3). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-decene with nitrate is 3.24X10-14 cu cm/molecule sec(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1 day(SRC) at an atmospheric concentration of 2.4X10+8 nitrate per cu cm during a 12 hour night time period(4). 1-Decene is degraded in water by reaction with hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in water is estimated to be 111 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.22X10+9/M sec at 25 °C(1,5). 1-Decene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(6) nor to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum.

An estimated BCF of 488 was calculated for 1-decene(SRC), using a log Kow of 5.70(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1-decene can be estimated to be about 1720(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-decene is expected to have low mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1-decene is estimated as 2.68 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 1.67 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 0.115 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-decene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 1.2 hrs(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). However, the volatilization half-life does not take into account the effects of adsorption. This is apparent from the results of two EXAMS model runs, one in which the effect of adsorption was considered, yielding an estimated half-life of 11 days in a model pond 2 m deep, and one in which the effect of adsorption was ignored, yielding an estimated half-life of 56 hours in a model pond 2 m deep(4). 1-Decene's Henry's Law constant(1,2) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1-decene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.67 mm Hg(1).

SURFACE WATER: 1-Decene was detected, concentration not specified, in northern and southern Lake Michigan water basin in 1982(1).

The hydrocarbon content of the exhaust of two different turbojet engines operated at simulated supersonic flight conditions was determined. During the experiment, jet engine model YJ93-GE-3 contained 1-decene in its exhaust ranging from 0.33-42.3 ppm while jet engine model J85-GE-5B contained 1-decene in its exhaust ranging from 0.31-1.25 ppm(1). The use of various types of plastic films for mulch purposes (ground moisture and weed control) on farmlands can lead to the release of 1-decene into the ambient environment through its disposal. Typically, these plastic films are burned either in situ in the crop row or gathered into large piles and incinerated. In one controlled study, 1-decene was detected (concn not specified) in the gas released during the burning of this type of plastic(2). Landfill gas from eight different sites in the United Kingdom was analyzed for trace compounds, including 1-decene. In one crude municipal landfill located in a stone quarry, with an age of 5-6 years, 1-decene was detected at 62 mg/cu m, 3m below the surface of the landfill and at 29.9 mg/cu m, 15 cm above the landfill(3). At another landfill comprised of municipal, industrial and liquid waste in a clay pit, with an age greater than 15 months, 1-decene was detected at 42 mg/cu m 4 meters below the surface of the landfill(3). 1-Decene has been reported to be a constituent of exhaust gas from diesel engines(4). Grab samples of 63 effluent were collected and analyzed from several chemical manufacturers located across the United States(5). These locations included Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Louisiana, Kentucky, Delaware, and Texas. 1-Decene was detected, concentration not specified, in 2 out of the 63 effluent grab samples taken from September 30, 1976 to November 30, 1978(5).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: 1-Decene was detected, concentration not specified, in five urban air analyses carried out in Leningrad, U.S.S.R. from July-October 1976(1). In another urban air study, 1-decene was detected, concentration not specified, in urban air samples from Leningrad, Tashkent, Baku, Tbilisi, Kemerovo, and Murmansk U.S.S.R. in 1977(2).

The volatile vapor fraction emitted during the heating of four oils (rapeseed, Canola, peanut and soybean) was analyzed to determine the concentrations of various volatile organic compounds. 1-Decene was detected, concentration not specified, in all four heated oils(1). In another study specifically of peanut oil, 1-decene was detected in head space air samples when peanut oil was heated from 50-200 °C(2). The highest concentration of 1-decene occurred at 200 °C.

1-Decene was detected, concentration not specified, as one of many volatile organic compounds emitted from woodland vegetation located across the United States(1). The emission rate for 1-decene from woodland vegetation is estimated to range from 0.5-5 ug/g hr(1).The emission of various hydrocarbons was studied from over 30 dominant plant types found in California's Central Valley(2). 1-Decene was detected, concentration not specified, in the volatile organic fraction of these plant emissions(2).

Occupational exposure to 1-decene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where soybean, peanut, rapeseed, or Canola oils are used(1), at landfill operations(2), on farmlands(3), or where 1-decene is produced or used(SRC). Chinese restaurants are known for their use of peanut and rapeseed oils and may therefore present a potential source of 1-decene exposure to the cooks(1). The general population may be exposed to 1-decene via ingestion of food(1).

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur in aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

1-Decene's production and use in the synthesis of perfumes, flavors, pharmaceuticals, dyes, oils, and resins may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. 1-Decene is also a naturally occurring compound emitted by woodland vegetation located across the United States. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.67 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1-decene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-decene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals, ozone, and nitrate radicals; the half-life for these reactions in air is estimated to be 11, 25, and 24 hrs, respectively. If released to soil, 1-decene is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1720. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.68 atm-cu m/mole. 1-Decene may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. 1-Decene's linear hydrocarbon structure would suggest that biodegradation is an important process in soil and water. If released into water, 1-decene is expected to adsorb to sediment and suspended solids in the water column based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.2 hrs and 5 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment. 1-Decene is degraded in water by reaction with hydroxyl radicals with a half-life estimated to be 111 days. An estimated BCF of 488 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Hydrolysis is not expected to occur due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. Occupational exposure to 1-decene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-decene is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to 1-decene via ingestion of food. (SRC)

1-Decene is found as a naturally occurring compound emitted by various plant types in California's Central Valley(1) and woodland vegetation located across the United States(2). 1-Decene is also a naturally occurring compound found as part of the volatile organic compounds emitted during the heating of soybean, rapeseed, peanut and Canola oil(3).

PRESENT IN JET AIRCRAFT EMISSIONS, SIMULATED HIGH ALTITUDE.

1-Decene's production and use in the synthesis of perfumes, flavors, pharmaceuticals, dyes, oils, and resins(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Also, the burning of plastic films used in agriculture(2) and the combustion of jet fuel(3) are potential sources of 1-decene in the environment.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1720(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-decene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-decene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.68 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from its vapor pressure of 1.67(3) and a water solubility of 0.115(4). The potential for volatilization of 1-decene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). 1-Decene's linear hydrocarbon structure would suggest that biodegradation is an important process in soil(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1720(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-decene is expected to adsorb to sediment and suspended solids in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.68 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed from a vapor pressure of 1.67(4) and a water solubility of 0.115(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.2 hrs and 5 days, respectively(SRC). However, this model underestimates the volatilization half-life of 1-decene since it does not take into account the effects of adsorption. This is apparent from the results of two EXAMS model runs, one in which the effect of adsorption was considered (half-life = 11 days in a model pond) and one in which adsorption was ignored (half-life = 40 hrs in a model pond)(6). 1-Decene's linear hydrocarbon structure would suggest that biodegradation is an important process in water(7). According to a classification scheme(8), an estimated BCF of 488(SRC), from a log Kow(9) and a regression-derived equation(10), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. 1-Decene is degraded in water by reaction with hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in water is estimated to be 111 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.22X10+9/M sec at 25 °C(11,12).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-decene, which has a vapor pressure of 1.67 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-decene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 11 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Vapor-phase 1-decene is degraded by ozone in the atmosphere; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 25 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.08X10-17 cu m/molecule-sec(4). 1-Decene is also degraded by nitrate in the ambient atmosphere; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1 day, calculated from its rate constant of 3.24X10-14 cu cm/molecule sec(3,5).

In a study of the degradation of hydrocarbons by various yeast cultures, 1-decene was assimilated by two out of thirteen cultures studied, Candida lipolytica and Candida pulcherrima(1). In a similar study of the yeast species Candida, 1-decene was found to be assimilated by 15 out of 55 Candid yeast cultures with only 2 of these displaying abundant growth, 8 moderate growth, and 5 slight growth(2). 1-Decene's linear hydrocarbon structure would suggest that biodegradation is an important process in soil and water(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-decene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 3.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 11 hrs at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-decene with ozone is 1.08X10-17 cu m/molecule-sec(3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 25 hrs(SRC) at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone per cu cm(3). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-decene with nitrate is 3.24X10-14 cu cm/molecule sec(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1 day(SRC) at an atmospheric concentration of 2.4X10+8 nitrate per cu cm during a 12 hour night time period(4). 1-Decene is degraded in water by reaction with hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in water is estimated to be 111 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.22X10+9/M sec at 25 °C(1,5). 1-Decene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(6) nor to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum.

An estimated BCF of 488 was calculated for 1-decene(SRC), using a log Kow of 5.70(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1-decene can be estimated to be about 1720(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-decene is expected to have low mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1-decene is estimated as 2.68 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 1.67 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 0.115 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-decene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 1.2 hrs(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). However, the volatilization half-life does not take into account the effects of adsorption. This is apparent from the results of two EXAMS model runs, one in which the effect of adsorption was considered, yielding an estimated half-life of 11 days in a model pond 2 m deep, and one in which the effect of adsorption was ignored, yielding an estimated half-life of 56 hours in a model pond 2 m deep(4). 1-Decene's Henry's Law constant(1,2) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 1-decene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.67 mm Hg(1).

SURFACE WATER: 1-Decene was detected, concentration not specified, in northern and southern Lake Michigan water basin in 1982(1).

The hydrocarbon content of the exhaust of two different turbojet engines operated at simulated supersonic flight conditions was determined. During the experiment, jet engine model YJ93-GE-3 contained 1-decene in its exhaust ranging from 0.33-42.3 ppm while jet engine model J85-GE-5B contained 1-decene in its exhaust ranging from 0.31-1.25 ppm(1). The use of various types of plastic films for mulch purposes (ground moisture and weed control) on farmlands can lead to the release of 1-decene into the ambient environment through its disposal. Typically, these plastic films are burned either in situ in the crop row or gathered into large piles and incinerated. In one controlled study, 1-decene was detected (concn not specified) in the gas released during the burning of this type of plastic(2). Landfill gas from eight different sites in the United Kingdom was analyzed for trace compounds, including 1-decene. In one crude municipal landfill located in a stone quarry, with an age of 5-6 years, 1-decene was detected at 62 mg/cu m, 3m below the surface of the landfill and at 29.9 mg/cu m, 15 cm above the landfill(3). At another landfill comprised of municipal, industrial and liquid waste in a clay pit, with an age greater than 15 months, 1-decene was detected at 42 mg/cu m 4 meters below the surface of the landfill(3). 1-Decene has been reported to be a constituent of exhaust gas from diesel engines(4). Grab samples of 63 effluent were collected and analyzed from several chemical manufacturers located across the United States(5). These locations included Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Louisiana, Kentucky, Delaware, and Texas. 1-Decene was detected, concentration not specified, in 2 out of the 63 effluent grab samples taken from September 30, 1976 to November 30, 1978(5).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: 1-Decene was detected, concentration not specified, in five urban air analyses carried out in Leningrad, U.S.S.R. from July-October 1976(1). In another urban air study, 1-decene was detected, concentration not specified, in urban air samples from Leningrad, Tashkent, Baku, Tbilisi, Kemerovo, and Murmansk U.S.S.R. in 1977(2).

The volatile vapor fraction emitted during the heating of four oils (rapeseed, Canola, peanut and soybean) was analyzed to determine the concentrations of various volatile organic compounds. 1-Decene was detected, concentration not specified, in all four heated oils(1). In another study specifically of peanut oil, 1-decene was detected in head space air samples when peanut oil was heated from 50-200 °C(2). The highest concentration of 1-decene occurred at 200 °C.

1-Decene was detected, concentration not specified, as one of many volatile organic compounds emitted from woodland vegetation located across the United States(1). The emission rate for 1-decene from woodland vegetation is estimated to range from 0.5-5 ug/g hr(1).The emission of various hydrocarbons was studied from over 30 dominant plant types found in California's Central Valley(2). 1-Decene was detected, concentration not specified, in the volatile organic fraction of these plant emissions(2).

Occupational exposure to 1-decene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where soybean, peanut, rapeseed, or Canola oils are used(1), at landfill operations(2), on farmlands(3), or where 1-decene is produced or used(SRC). Chinese restaurants are known for their use of peanut and rapeseed oils and may therefore present a potential source of 1-decene exposure to the cooks(1). The general population may be exposed to 1-decene via ingestion of food(1).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Flammable Liquid

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III