2-nitrotoluene

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H340: May cause genetic defects [Danger Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H361f ***: Suspected of damaging fertility [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P318, P330, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H340 (100%): May cause genetic defects [Danger Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350 (100%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H361 (99.3%): Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 283 reports by companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H301+H311+H331 (99.1%): Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (100%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331 (99.1%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H361f (100%): Suspected of damaging fertility [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H373 (100%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 107 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P203, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P203, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P308+P316, P318, P319, P330, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P304+P340, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H361f: Suspected of damaging fertility [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Water, CO2, and dry chemical (USCG, 1999)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Water spray, fog, foam, CO2.

Powder, water spray, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Nitrotoluenes/

Use carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or foam.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Ventilate area of spill or leak. For small quantities of liq nitrotoluene, absorb on paper towels. For small quantities of solid nitrotoluene, sweep onto paper or other suitable material. Remove to safe place (such as fume hood) & burn. Large quantities of liq nitrotoluene can be collected & atomized in suitable combustion chamber equipped with appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. Large quantities of solid nitrotoluene can be reclaimed; ... If not practical, dissolve in flammable solvent (such as alcohol) & atomize in suitable combustion chamber equipped with appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. /Nitrotoluene/

Environmental considerations: Land Spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /Nitrotoluenes/

Environmental considerations: Water Spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Nitrotoluenes/

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Combustion products include corrosive or toxic vapors. /Nitrotoluenes/

1) Ventilate area of spill or leak. For small quantities of liq nitrotoluene, absorb on paper towels. For small quantities of solid nitrotoluene, sweep onto paper or other suitable material. Remove to safe place (such as fume hood) & burn. Large quantities of liq nitrotoluene can be collected & atomized in suitable combustion chamber equipped with appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. Large quantities of solid nitrotoluene can be reclaimed; ... If not practical, dissolve in flammable solvent (such as alcohol) & atomize in suitable combustion chamber equipped with appropriate effluent gas cleaning device.

Environmental considerations: Land Spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.

Environmental considerations: Water Spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses.

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Combustion products include corrosive or toxic vapors.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

For liq nitrotoluene, by absorbing it in vermiculite, dry sand, earth or similar material. By atomizing liq nitrotoluene in suitable combustion chamber equipped with appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. By making packages of solid nitrotoluene in paper or other suitable material or by dissolving in a flammable solvent (such as alcohol) & burning in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. /Nitrotoluene/

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for 2-Nitrotoluene: Concentration process: Biological treatment.

1) For liq nitrotoluene, by absorbing it in vermiculite, dry sand, earth or similar material. 2) By atomizing liq nitrotoluene in suitable combustion chamber equipped with appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. 3) By making packages of solid nitrotoluene in paper or other suitable material or by dissolving in a flammable solvent (such as alcohol) & burning in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with appropriate effluent gas cleaning device.

Studies conducted wherein o-, m-, and p-nitrotoluene (at 100 ppm) were inoculated separately into 30 ppm activated sludge and incubated under aerobic conditions at 25 °C showed more than 70% degradation after 2 weeks(1,2). o-, m-, and p-Nitrotoluene (200 mg/L COD) inoculated separately with adapted activated sludge under aerobic conditions at 20 °C underwent 98 to 98.5% degradation in 5 days as measured by COD removal(3). Nitrotoluenes should be degraded in biological sewage treatment systems, provided suitable acclimation can be achieved(4). 10 ug/L o-, m-, and p-Nitrotoluene inoculated separately with mixed cultures of soil microorganisms under aerobic conditions persisted for more than 64 days as measured by UV absorbance(5). A persistence study examining the fate of m- and p-nitrotoluenes in aerobic groundwater demonstrated biodegradation within 14 days(6).

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2-NITROTOLUENE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... A complete respiratory protection program should be instituted which incl regular training, maintenance, inspection, cleaning, & evaluation. ... Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated ... should be removed ... & not reworn until nitrotoluene is removed. Eating & smoking should not be permitted in areas where solid nitrotoluene is handled, processed, or stored. Employees who handle solid or liq nitrotoluene should wash ... hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent & water before eating or smoking.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain water flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under ambient temperatures, and keep it away from oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Well closed. Ventilation along the floor. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

Store in a cool. dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from acids, alkalies, oxidizing materials, and reducing agents.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Methemoglobin in blood = 1.5% of hemoglobin during or at end of shift. [ACGIH]

6.0 [ppm]

33 [ppm]

200 [ppm]

TWA 2 ppm (11 mg/m3) [skin]

5.0 [ppm]

TWA 5 ppm (30 mg/m3) [skin] See Appendix G

200 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

200.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Basis for revised IDLH: Based on acute oral toxicity data in animals [Back et al. 1972; Vasilerko et al. 1978] and an analogy to nitrobenzene [Linch 1974] which has an IDLH of 200 ppm, the original IDLH for nitrotoluene (200 ppm) is not being revised at this time.

See: 88722

2.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 2 ppm, skin. /Nitrotoluene, all isomers/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Nitrotoluene, all isomers/

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: methemoglobin in blood; Sampling Time: during or end of shift; BEI: 1.5% of hemoglobin. The determinant may be present in biological specimens collected from subjects who have not been occupationally exposed, at a concentration which could affect interpretation of the result. Such background concentrations are incorporated in the BEI value. The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals. The biological determinant is an indicator of exposure to the chemical, but the quantitative interpretation of the measurement is ambiguous. These determinants should be used as a screening test if a quantitative test is not practical or as a confirmatory test if the quantitative test is not specific and the origin of the determinant is in question. /Methemoglobin inducers/

2 ppm as TWA; (skin); BEI issued.

skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 2; germ cell mutagen group: 3B

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes. The substance may cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

The substance may have effects on the liver, blood and testes. This substance is probably carcinogenic to humans. May cause heritable genetic damage to human germ cells. Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxic effects upon human reproduction.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for o-Nitrotoluene:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift. (NIOSH, 2024)

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Respirator Recommendations: Up to 20 ppm: [Table#3916]

Respirator Recommendations: Up to 50 ppm: [Table#3917]

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 2-NITROTOLUENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Respirators may be used when engineering & work practice controls are not technically feasible ... Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels, & in emergency situations. ... Respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety & Health Admin ... or by the NIOSH. ... Employees should be provided with & required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (8-inch minimum), & other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact with solid or liq nitrotoluene. ... Employees should be provided with & required to use dust- & splash-proof safety goggles where solid or liq nitrotoluene may contact the eyes.

Respirator Selection: At 50 ppm: Supplied-air respirator or self-contained breathing apparatus. At 200 ppm: Supplied air with a full facepiece, helmet and hood, or a Type C supplied air operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous-flow mode. Escape: Gas mask with an organic vapor canister (chin-style or front-or back-mounted canister) with a particulate filter, and self-contained breathing apparatus.

Up to 20 ppm:

(APF = 10) Any supplied-air respirator*

Up to 50 ppm:

(APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode*

Up to 100 ppm:

(APF = 50) Any supplied-air respirator that has a tight-fitting facepiece and is operated in a continuous-flow mode*

(APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece

O-nitrotoluene is a light yellow oily liquid with a characteristic odor of aromatic nitro compounds. Sinks in water. Derived from toluene by nitration and separation by fractional distillation. Flash point 223 °F.

Other Solid

Yellow liquid with a weak, aromatic odor. [Note: A solid below 25 degrees F.]; [NIOSH]

Yellow solid or liquid; mp = 0-15 deg C; [CAMEO]

YELLOW-TO-COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Yellow liquid with a weak, aromatic odor. [Note: A solid below 25 °F.]

Yellowish liquid at ordinary temperature

Yellow liquid [Note: A solid below 25 degrees F]

Weak, aromatic odor

Weak aromatic

431.1 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

460 °F (238 °C)

222.3 °C @760 [mm Hg]

14.9 °F (NTP, 1992)

-9.55 °C (alpha-form); -3.85 °C (beta-form)

130 °F (54 °C)

223 °F (NTP, 1992)

95 °C; open cup

106 °C; 223 °F (Closed cup)

95 °C c.c.

less than 1 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

Soluble in alcohol, benzene, petroleum ether

SOL IN CHLOROFORM

Soluble in carbon tetrachloride; miscible in ethanol and ethyl ether

In water, 650 mg/L at 30 °C; 609 mg/L at 20 °C

All isomers are almost insoluble in water, /but/ soluble in benzene.

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.044 (very poor)

1.1622 at 66.2 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

Specific gravity: 1.1622 at 19 °C/15 °C

1.16 (Water = 1)

Relative density (water = 1): 1.16

1.1622 @ 19°C/15°C

4.72 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

4.72 (Air = 1)

4.7 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.73

0.1 mmHg at 68 °F ; 0.25 mmHg at 86 °F; 1.6 mmHg at 140 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.18 [mmHg]

0.185 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.02

Insoluble in water.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

O-NITROTOLUENE is toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin aborption, targeting the blood, central nervous system, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms include, anoxia, weakness or dizziness, nausea and vomiting. If it contacts the eye, the eye should be irrigated immediately. If it contacts the skin, the area should be washed with soap. If inhaled, respiratory support should be administered. Finally, if ingested, medical attention should be sought. It also reacts with sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen, sodium, tetranitromethane, reducing agents and strong oxidizers. It is very heat sensitive.

Decomposes on contact with strong oxidzers; strong acids; reducing agents; strong bases; ammonia, amines producing toxic fumes, causing fire and explosion hazard. Heat above 190 °C may cause explosive decomposition. Attacks some plastics, rubbers, and coatings.

Crude 2-nitrotoluene, containing some hydrochloric and acetic acids, was charged into a vacuum still with flake sodium hydroxide to effect neutralisation prior to distillation. An explosion occurred later. Similar treatments had been used uneventfully previously, using the weaker bases lime or sodium carbonate for neutralisation. It seems likely that the explosion involved formation and violent decomposition of the sodium salt of an aci-nitro species, possible of quinonoid type.

Strong oxidizers, sulfuric acid.

1,2-Bis(2-nitrophenyl)ethane (2,2'-dinitrobibenzyl) is prepared industrially by action of alkali on 2 -nitrotoluene, and the highly exothermic reaction is controlled by the rate of addition of the nitro compound to the other cooled reaction components, to keep the temperature at 5-10 C. During one batch, failure of the agitator caused increase in temperature and at 15 C the temperature monitor stopped addition of nitrotoluene and increased cooling, the temperature rose to 20 C and the building was evacuated. After the liberation of reaction heat had subsided, the agitator was used very intermittently to assist cooling and mixing. At 12 C full agitation was restored and processing continued to completion. Similar caution is necessary during the preparation of other analogous nitrobibenzyls.

Nitrotoluene will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, & coatings.

... Contact with strong oxidizers or sulfuric acid may cause fires and explosions.

Nitrotoluene will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, & coatings. /Nitrotoluene/

The combined residues /of mixo-Nitrotoluene/ (3-400 kg) from several vacuum distillations at up to 180 C/40 mbar of a mixture of the 2- and 4- isomers exploded several hours after distillation had been completed. It appeared probable that admission of air to cool the hot residue initiated autoxidative heating, possibly involving nitrogen oxide and catalysis by iron, which eventually led to explosion of the residue, which probably contained polynitro compounds.

A series of mixtures of nitric acid with one or more of di- and tri-nitrotoluenes have been shown to possess high explosive properties.

Strong oxidizers, sulfuric acid

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of nitrotoluenes. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of 2-nitrotoluene. Overall evaluation: Nitrotoluenes are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of nitrotoluenes. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of 2-nitrotoluene. There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of 3- and 4-nitrotoluenes. Overall evaluation: Nitrotoluenes are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).

2-Nitrotoluene

Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans

Volume 101: (2012) Some Chemicals Present in Industrial and Consumer Products, Food and Drinking-water

NB Overall evaluation upgraded to Group 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data

o-Nitrotoluene

TR-504: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of o-Nitrotoluene (CASRN 88-72-2) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies) (2002 )

05/03/01

Clear Evidence

Under the conditions of these studies,there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of o-nitrotoluene in male rats based on increased incidences of malignant mesothelioma, subcutaneous skin neoplasms, mammary gland fibroadenoma, and liver neoplasms. The increased incidences of lung neoplasms in male rats were also considered to be exposure related. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of o-nitrotoluene in female rats based on increased incidences of subcutaneous skin neoplasms and mammary gland fibroadenoma. The increased incidence of hepatocellular adenoma in female rats was also considered to be exposure related. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of o-nitrotoluene in male and female mice based on increased incidences of hemangiosarcoma, carcinoma of the large intestine (cecum), and hepatocellular neoplasms (females only).

Exposure to o-nitrotoluene caused increased incidences of nonneoplastic lesions of the mammary gland (females only), liver, bone marrow, spleen, lung, and mandibular lymph node (females only) in male and female rats and of the liver, kidney, and nose in male and female mice.

Decreased incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia occurred in exposed groups of rats; the incidence of testicular interstitial cell adenoma was decreased in exposed male rats.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Headache. Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Dizziness. Shortness of breath.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Further see Inhalation.

Anoxia, cyanosis; headache, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), dizziness; ataxia; dyspnea (breathing difficulty); tachycardia; nausea, vomiting

Blood, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, skin, gastrointestinal tract

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as primary toxic effect.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 2: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as probable (2a), or possible (2b) human carcinogens.

NTP Carcinogen - Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

9 x 10^-4 mg/kg-day

1 x 10^-2 mg/kg-day

PDF Document

Likely to be carcinogenic to humans

PPRTV Current

LC50 (rat) = 790 mg/m3

LD50 Rat dermal >5000 mg/kg bw

LC50 Rat inhalation >1086 mg/L/ 8hr

LC50 Rat inhalation >190.8 ppm/ 8hr

LD50 Mouse oral 2462 mg/kg bw

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-NITROTOLUENE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Rat oral 1680 mg/kg bw /mixture of isomers; from table/

LD50 Mouse oral 1460 mg/kg bw /mixture of isomers; from table/

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age 24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 18-20 °C, pH 8.0-8.3, dissolved oxygen 8.1-9.7 mg/L; Concentration: 13200 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 12000-14500 ug/L); Effect: intoxicaiton, immobilization />99% purity formulation/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age 24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 18-20 °C, pH 8.0-8.3, dissolved oxygen 8.1-9.7 mg/L; Concentration: 12300 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 10900-13900 ug/L); Effect: intoxicaiton, immobilization />99% purity formulation/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 5400 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: intoxicaiton, immobilization />99.5% purity formulation/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age < or =24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20-22 °C, pH 7.6-7.7; Concentration: 42000 ug/L for 24 hr /formulation/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-NITROTOLUENE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The compositions of explosive wastewater generated from TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) purification stage were characterized by using UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and gas chromatograph/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The acute toxicity was evaluated by bacterium bioluminescence assay using a freshwater luminescent bacterium (Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Nov.) and a marine luminescent bacterium (Photobacterium phosphoreum). The results showed that the wastewater's biodegradability was poor due to the high amount of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The main organic components were dinitrotoluene sulfonates (DNTS) with small amount of TNT, dinitrotoluene (DNT), mononitrotoluene (MNT) and other derivatives of nitrobenzene. It was highly toxic to luminescent bacteria P. phosphoreum and V. qinghaiensis sp. Nov. After reaction time of 15 min, the relative concentration of toxic pollutants (expressed as reciprocal of dilution ratio of wastewater) at 50% of luminescence inhibition ratio was 5.32x10(-4) for P. phosphoreu, while that was 4.34x10(-4) for V. qinghaiensis. V. qinghaiensis is more sensitive and suitable for evaluating the wastewater's acute toxicity than P. phosphoreum. After adsorption by resin, the acute toxicity can be greatly reduced, which is helpful for further treatment by biological methods.

3.20e+00

1.50e+01

3.10e-01

1.00e+03

3.00e-04

2.20e-01

9.00e-04

Volatile

1.51e+03

2.10e+02

1.50e+03

3.10e+01

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

2-Nitrotoluene's production and use in the synthesis of intermediates for azo dyes, sulfur dyes, rubber chemicals, and agriculture chemicals and as an intermediate in the synthesis of explosives may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.85X10-1 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-nitrotoluene will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-nitrotoluene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 23 days. 2-Nitrotoluene is also expected to undergo direct photolysis, with 2-methyl-6-nitrophenol and 2-methyl-4-nitrophenol being its primary photoproducts. If released to soil, 2-nitrotoluene is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 370. Field monitoring at a munition factory site found that 2-nitrotoluene migrated large distances in the subsurface soils. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.25X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Biodegradation screening tests have shown that 2-nitrotoluene can degrade very slowly in unacclimated media such as the Japanese test or a 64-day silt loam soil inoculum test. However, biodegradation in acclimated media (activated sludge, soil, water) can be relatively fast with 98-100% degradation within a few days or two weeks. If released into water, 2-nitrotoluene is expected to adsorb moderately to suspended solids and sediment based upon its estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 85 hours and 30 days, respectively. Measured BCF values of 6.6-29.9 in carp fish suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 2-nitrotoluene may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-nitrotoluene is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2-nitrotoluene via inhalation of ambient air in the vicinity of production sites and ingestion of drinking water. (SRC)

Mononitrotoluenes' production and use in the manufacture of dyes, toluidines, nitrobenzoic acids, agricultural and rubber chemicals may result in their release to the environment through various waste streams. Mononitrotoluenes can be formed in the ambient atmosphere by reaction of toluene and photochemically produced nitrate radicals. If released to air, vapor pressures of 0.0157-0.185 mm Hg at 25 °C indicate the mononitrotoluenes will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase mononitrotoluene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 17-23 days. The mononitrotoluenes are also expected to undergo direct photolysis with methyl-nitrophenols being its primary photodegradates. If released to soil, mononitrotoluenes are expected to have high to moderate mobility based upon a measured Koc value of 138 and an estimated Koc value of 370. Field monitoring at a munition factory site found that nitrotoluene isomers can migrate large distances in the subsurface soils. Volatilization of mononitrotoluenes from moist soil surfaces is expected to occur slowly given a Henry's Law constant range of 5.63X10-6 to 1.25X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Mononitrotiluenes are not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon their vapor pressures. The mononitrotoluenes are susceptible to direct photolysis, therefore, photodegradation may occur on surfaces exposed to sunlight. Biodegradation screening tests have shown that mononitrotoluenes can degrade very slowly in tests using unacclimated media such as the Japanese MITI test or a 64-day silt loam soil inoculum test. However, biodegradation in acclimated media can be relatively fast with 98-100% degradation within a few days or two weeks. If released into water, mononitrotoluenes are expected to have little to moderate adsorption to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc values. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be slow based upon the Henry's Law constants. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.6-7.8 days and 30-60 days, respectively. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since these compounds lack functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Measured BCF values of 0.47-29.9 suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. In aqueous solution, the mononitrotoluenes have quantum yields of 0.0046-0.0158 at 313 nm indicating that they are susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight, with a half-life of less than 32 hours near the water surface. Occupational exposure to the mononitrotoluenes may occur through dermal contact with these compounds at workplaces where mononitrotoluenes are produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to mononitrotoluenes via inhalation of ambient air and ingestion of drinking water. (SRC)

2-Nitrotoluene's production and use in the synthesis of intermediates for azo dyes, sulfur dyes, rubber chemicals, and agriculture chemicals(1) and as an intermediate in the synthesis of explosives(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Mononitrotoluenes' production and use in the manufacture of dyes, toluidines, nitrobenzoic acids, agricultural and rubber chemicals(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Mononitrotoluenes can be formed in the ambient atmosphere by reaction of toluene and photochemically produced nitrate radicals(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 370(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-nitrotoluene is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Field monitoring at a munition factory site in Melbourne Australia found that 2-nitrotoluene migrated large distances in the subsurface soils(3); 2-nitrotoluene is reported to have low soil Kd sorption coefficients in a variety of soils types(3) indicating it will leach. Volatilization of 2-nitrotoluene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.25X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Biodegradation screening tests have shown that 2-nitrotoluene can degrade very slowly in unacclimated media such as the Japanese test(5,6) or a 64-day silt loam soil inoculum test(7). However, biodegradation in acclimated media can be relatively fast with 98-100% degradation within a few days or two weeks(8-10).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 370(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2-nitrotoluene is expected to adsorb moderately to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.25X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 85 hours and 30 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), and measured BCF values of 6.6-29.9 in carp (Carprinus carpio)(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Biodegradation screening tests have shown that 2-nitrotoluene can degrade very slowly in unacclimated media such as the Japanese test(6,7) or a 64-day silt loam soil inoculum test(8). However, biodegradation in acclimated media can be relatively fast with 98-100% degradation within a few days or two weeks(9-11). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-nitrotoluene, which has a vapor pressure of 0.185 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-nitrotoluene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 23 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 2-Nitrotoluene is expected to undergo direct photolysis, with the primary photoproducts being 2-methyl-6-nitrophenol and 2-methyl-4-nitrophenol(4).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a 4-nitrotoluene measured Koc value of 138 for a single sediment(2) and an estimated mononitrotoluene Koc value of 370(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(3), indicate that the mononitrotoluenes are expected to have high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Field monitoring at a munition factory site found that nitrotoluene isomers can migrate large distances in the subsurface soils(4). Volatilization of mononitrotoluenes from moist soil surfaces is expected to occur slowly(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant range of 5.63X10-6 to 1.25X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(5). Mononitrotoluenes are not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure range of 0.0157-0.185 mm Hg at 25 °C(6). The mononitrotoluenes are susceptible to direct photolysis(7,8), therefore, photodegradation may occur on surfaces exposed to sunlight(SRC). Biodegradation screening tests have shown that mononitrotoluenes can degrade very slowly in tests using unacclimated media such as the Japanese MITI test(9) or a 64-day silt loam soil inoculum test(10). However, biodegradation in acclimated media can be relatively fast with 98-100% degradation within a few days or two weeks(11-13).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a measured Koc value of 138 for a single sediment(2) and an estimated Koc value of 370(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(3), indicate that mononitrotoluenes are expected to have little to moderate adsorption to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be slow(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant range of 5.63X10-6 to 1.25X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.6-7.8 days and 30-60 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), BCF measured values of 0.47 to 29.9 in fish(7,8) suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since these compounds lack functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). In aqueous solution, the mononitrotoluenes have quantum yields of 0.0046-0.0158 at 313 nm(9) indicating that they are susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight with a half-life of less than 32 hours near the water surface(9). The photolysis rate constant in pure water for 3-nitrotoluene in near surface water at latitude 40 deg N has been experimentally determined to be 6.5 L/days which corresponds to a half-life of 0.11 days(10). Biodegradation screening tests have shown that mononitrotoluenes can degrade very slowly in test using unacclimated media such as the Japanese MITI test(7) or a 64-day silt loam soil inoculum test(11). However, biodegradation in acclimated media can be relatively fast with 98-100% degradation within a few days or two weeks(12-14). Based on monitoring data, the half-life of the mononitrotoluene isomers in a river 4 to 5 meters deep has been estimated to be 2.7 to 3.2 days(15).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), mononitrotoluenes, which have a vapor pressure range of 0.0157-0.185 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), are expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase mononitrotoluenes are degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 17-23 days(SRC), calculated from their rate constants of 7X10-13 to 9.5X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that were derived using a structure estimation method(3) or measured(4). The mononitrotoluenes undergo direct photolysis in sunlight to yield methyl-nitrophenol isomers as the primary photodegradates(5).

AEROBIC: 2-Nitrotoluene, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0.5% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese Ministry of Industry and Trade (MITI) test that employs a mixed inoculum obtained from freshwater, soil, and sludge(1). Other evidence supports complete aerobic degradation of 10 mg/L 2-nitrotoluene within 2 weeks when incubated in adapted aerobic composite river sediment and sewage sludges(3). When nitrotoluene-adapted activated sludges were used as an inoculum, however, 2-nitrotoluene (200 mg/L) was almost completely degraded (i.e. 98% removal) within 5 days when incubated at 20 °C(3). The screening studies using unadapted sludges gave similar results as the MITI test, and 2-nitrotoluene is confirmed to be non biodegradable according to the standard MITI test. Using a mixed culture isolated from a contaminated soil (near an ammunition plant), 2-nitrotoluene (at initial concentrations of 3.5 mg/L) degraded completely in 8 days in aerobic batch and continuous reactor tests(4).

ANAEROBIC: 2-Nitrotoluene has been observed to be degraded to toluidine under anaerobic biodegradation conditions with little additional biodegradation(1). In general, anaerobic biodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds results in the reduction of the nitro group to an amino group(2). In anaerobic tests using wastewater from a munitions production facility, initial 2-nitrotoluene degraded by 58% in non-sterile conditions and by 18% in sterile conditions over a 36-day incubation period(3).

AEROBIC: The individual mononitrotoluene isomers, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0.5-2.0% of their theoretical BODs in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test that employs a mixed inoculum obtained from freshwater, soil, and sludge(1). o-, m-, and p-Nitrotoluene (200 mg/L COD) inoculated separately with adapted activated sludge under aerobic conditions at 20 °C underwent 98 to 98.5% degradation in 5 days as measured by COD removal(2). Mononitrotoluenes should be degraded in biological sewage treatment systems, provided suitable acclimation can be achieved(3). 10 ug/L o-, m-, and p-Nitrotoluene inoculated separately with mixed cultures of soil microorganisms under aerobic conditions persisted for more than 64 days as measured by UV absorbance(4). A persistence study examining the fate of m- and p-nitrotoluenes in aerobic groundwater demonstrated biodegradation within 14 days(5). Using a mixed culture isolated from a contaminated soil (near an ammunition plant), mononitrotoluene isomers (at initial concentrations of 3.5-12 mg/L) degraded completely in 1-8 days in aerobic batch and continuous reactor tests(6). Other evidence supports complete aerobic degradation of 10 mg/L mononitrotoluene isomers within 2 weeks when incubated in adapted aerobic composite river sediment and sewage sludges(7).

ANAEROBIC: In general, anaerobic biodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds results in the reduction of the nitro group to an amino group(1), but in general mononitrotoluenes are not biodegraded to a large extent under anaerobic conditions(2). Toluidine has been identified as an anaerobic biodegradation product of m- and p-nitrotoluene(3). In anaerobic tests using wastewater from a munitions production facility, initial mononitrotoluene isomers degraded by 38-58% in non-sterile conditions and by 18-25% in sterile conditions over a 36-day incubation period(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-nitrotoluene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 7.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 23 days at an atmospheric concentration of 0.5X10+6 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2-Nitrotoluene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). 2-Nitrotoluene will undergo direct photolysis due to its absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm), with 2-methyl-6-nitrophenol and 2-methyl-4-nitrophenol being the primary photodegradates(3). In aqueous solution, 2-nitrotoluene has a quantum yield of 0.00223 at 313 nm(4) indicating that it is susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Absorption of UV light in the environmentally significant range (> 290 nm) by 2-nitrotoluene in cyclohexane(1), indicates that the potential exists for photolysis in water and air(SRC). Irradiation (at > 300 nm) of 2-nitrotoluene vapor in air for 5 hour resulted in 79% loss of the 2-nitrotoluene initially present and formation of 2-methyl-6-nitrophenol (6.1% yield) and 2-methyl-4-nitrophenol (7.5% yield)(2). 2-Nitrotoluene in triethylamine underwent 100% conversion when irradiated (wavelengths > 290 nm) for 3 hours forming aniline (32%), azoxybenzene (5%), azobenzene (2.5%), and 2-hydroxyazo compound (10%)(3). The mid day half-life of 2-nitrotoluene in Aucilla River water (Florida) due to indirect photolysis has been calculated to be 45 minutes using an experimentally determined reaction rate constant of 0.92 1/hr; Aucilla River water contains a high concentration of humic substances, which appears to act as a photosensitizer(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of the mononitrotoluenes with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured(1) or estimated (using a structure estimation method(2)) to range from 7X10-13 to 9.5X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life range of about 17-23 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). Mononitrotoluene are not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3). In aqueous solution, the mononitrotoluenes have quantum yields of 0.0046-0.0158 at 313 nm(4) indicating that they are susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC) with a half-life of less than 32 hours near the water surface(4). Irradiation (at > 300 nm) of mononitrotoluene vapor in air for 5 hrs resulted in loss of most of the mononitrotoluenes present(5). Photolysis of the mononitrotoluenes in sunlight yields methyl-nitrophenol isomers as the primary photodegradates(5). The mid-day half-life of o-nitrotoluene in Aucilla River, FL water due to indirect photolysis has been calculated to be 45 minutes using an experimentally determined reaction rate constant of 0.92 1/hr(6); the Aucilla River water contains a high concentrations of humic substances that increase photodegradation rates(6). The photolysis rate constant in pure water for 3-nitrotoluene in near surface water at latitude 40 deg N has been experimentally determined to be 6.5 L/days which corresponds to a half-life of 0.11 days(7).

The BCF for 2-nitrotoluene has been measured to be 12.5-29.9 (at a concentration of 0.1 ppm) and 6.6-29.7 (at 0.01 ppm) in carp (Carprinus carpio)(1). An estimated BCF of 15 was calculated for 2-nitrotoluene(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.30(2) and a regression-derived equation(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these BCF values suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The BCF for the mononitrotoluenes have been measured to be 0.47-29.9 in carp (Carprinus carpio) over a 6-week exposure period(1). The BCF for 3-nitrotoluene in fish (Poecilia reticulata) has been experimentally determined to be 16(2). According to a classification scheme(3), these BCF values suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 2-nitrotoluene can be estimated to be 370(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-nitrotoluene is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. Field monitoring at a munition factory site in Melbourne Australia found that 2-nitrotoluene migrated large distances in the subsurface soils(3); 2-nitrotoluene is reported to have low soil Kd sorption coefficients in a variety of soils types(3) indicating it will leach.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of the mononitrotoluenes can be estimated to be about 370(SRC). A log Koc value of 2.14 (Koc = 138) was experimentally determined for 4-nitrotoluene in a single lake sediment from China(2). According to a classification scheme(3), the estimated and experimental Koc values suggest that mononitrotoluenes are expected to have high to moderate mobility in soil. Field monitoring at a munition factory site in Melbourne Australia found that nitrotoluene isomers migrated large distances in the subsurface soils(4); 2-nitrotoluene is reported to have low soil Kd sorption coefficients in a variety of soils types(4) indicating it will leach.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

For liq nitrotoluene, by absorbing it in vermiculite, dry sand, earth or similar material. By atomizing liq nitrotoluene in suitable combustion chamber equipped with appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. By making packages of solid nitrotoluene in paper or other suitable material or by dissolving in a flammable solvent (such as alcohol) & burning in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. /Nitrotoluene/

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for 2-Nitrotoluene: Concentration process: Biological treatment.

1) For liq nitrotoluene, by absorbing it in vermiculite, dry sand, earth or similar material. 2) By atomizing liq nitrotoluene in suitable combustion chamber equipped with appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. 3) By making packages of solid nitrotoluene in paper or other suitable material or by dissolving in a flammable solvent (such as alcohol) & burning in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with appropriate effluent gas cleaning device.

Studies conducted wherein o-, m-, and p-nitrotoluene (at 100 ppm) were inoculated separately into 30 ppm activated sludge and incubated under aerobic conditions at 25 °C showed more than 70% degradation after 2 weeks(1,2). o-, m-, and p-Nitrotoluene (200 mg/L COD) inoculated separately with adapted activated sludge under aerobic conditions at 20 °C underwent 98 to 98.5% degradation in 5 days as measured by COD removal(3). Nitrotoluenes should be degraded in biological sewage treatment systems, provided suitable acclimation can be achieved(4). 10 ug/L o-, m-, and p-Nitrotoluene inoculated separately with mixed cultures of soil microorganisms under aerobic conditions persisted for more than 64 days as measured by UV absorbance(5). A persistence study examining the fate of m- and p-nitrotoluenes in aerobic groundwater demonstrated biodegradation within 14 days(6).

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Nitrotoluenes; Nitrotoluenes, liquid; Nitrotoluenes, solid/

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Nitrotoluenes; Nitrotoluenes, liquid; Nitrotoluenes, solid/

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Nitrotoluenes; Nitrotoluenes, liquid; Nitrotoluenes, solid/

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Nitrotoluenes; Nitrotoluenes, liquid; Nitrotoluenes, solid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-NITROTOLUENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for MONONITROTOLUENES (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1664; Nitrotoluenes, liquid o-, m-, p-; solid m-, p-

IMO 6.1; Nitrotoluenes

49 631 55; Nitrotoluene

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Marine pollutant.

Symbol: T, N; R: 45-46-22-62-51/53; S: 53-45-61; Note: C

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II