Dinoseb

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H360Df: May damage the unborn child; Suspected of damaging fertility [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300+H310+H330 (51.5%): Fatal if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H300 (72.8%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H301+H311 (13.9%): Toxic if swallowed or in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]

H301 (27.2%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (52%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H311 (48%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315 (72.3%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (72.3%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (20.8%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H319 (79.2%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (52%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H360 (34.7%): May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H360Df (65.3%): May damage the unborn child; Suspected of damaging fertility [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 202 reports by companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer immediately for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Rest. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Warning: Effects may be delayed from several hours to 2 days. Caution is advised. Toxicity of dinoseb is enhanced by high ambient temperature and physical activity.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Dinoseb Exposure: Early manifestations of dinoseb exposure include fever, sweating, headache, and confusion. Elevations of blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate are common. Severe exposure may result in restlessness, seizures, and coma. Other signs and symptoms include dyspnea (shortness of breath), pulmonary edema, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Liver injury with associated jaundice, kidney failure, and cardiac arrhythmias may be noted. Muscle weakness may be pronounced. Dermal exposure results in yellow staining of the skin and may produce burns.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to dinoseb may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to dinoseb.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to dinoseb.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Vigorously wash exposed skin areas with soap and water. Yellowish coloration usually accompanies dermal exposure; the discoloration does not have to be fully removed to prevent further absorption.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of dinoseb is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step

4.Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of dinoseb may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step

4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate, and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal.

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

This is a dinitrophenol herbicide. (Non-Specific -- Dinitrophenol, Flammable Solid) Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. If fire becomes uncontrollable, evacuate for a radius of 5000 feet.

This material is a dinitrophenol herbicide. (Non-Specific -- Dinitrophenol, Flammable Solid) Extinguish by flooding with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. (EPA, 1998)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Spillages of pesticides at any stage of their storage or handling should be treated with great care. Liquid formulations may be reduced to solid phase by evaporation. Dry sweeping of solids is always hazardous: these should be removed by vacuum cleaning, or by dissolving them in water, or other solvent in the factory environment.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P020, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Dinoseb is a good candidate for liquid injection incineration, with a temp range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2.0 seconds. Also, a good candidate for rotary kiln incineration, with a temp range of 820 to 1,600 °C with a residence time of seconds. Also, a good candidate for fluidized bed incineration, with a temp range of 450 to 980 °C and a residence time of seconds.

Group I Containers: Combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) should be disposed of in pesticide incinerators or in specified landfill sites. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Group II Containers: Non-combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) must first be triple-rinsed. Containers that are in good condition may be returned to the manufacturer or formulator of the pesticide product, or to a drum reconditioner for reuse with the same type of pesticide product, if such reuse is legal under Department of Transportation regulations (eg 49 CFR 173.28). Containers that are not to be reused should be punctured ... and transported to a scrap metal facility for recycling, disposal or burial in a designated landfill. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Incineration is suggested at 1000 °C (2.0 sec minimum) with adequate scrubbing equipment for the removal of NO(x). Recommendable method: Incineration. Not recommendable method: Hydrolysis. Peer-review: Alkaline and acid hydrolysis not recommendable due to toxicity of the reaction products. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Smoking, eating, and drinking before washing should be absolutely prohibited when any pesticide ... is being handled or used. /Pesticides/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

This is a dinitrophenol herbicide. (Non-Specific -- Dinitrophenol, Flammable Solid) Do not handle broken packages without protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water. Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Keep spilled material wet. Do not attempt to sweep up dry material. (EPA, 1998)

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from bases and food and feedstuffs. Cool. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

MATERIALS WHICH ARE TOXIC AS STORED OR WHICH CAN DECOMPOSE INTO TOXIC COMPONENTS ... SHOULD BE STORED IN A COOL WELL VENTILATED PLACE, OUT OF THE DIRECT RAYS OF THE SUN, AWAY FROM AREAS OF HIGH FIRE HAZARD, AND SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED. INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS SHOULD BE ISOLATED ... .

0.41 [mg/m3]

4.5 [mg/m3]

4.8 [mg/m3]

A harmful contamination of the air will not or will only very slowly be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster.

The substance is irritating to the eyes. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. Exposure at high levels could cause death.

The substance may have effects on the hematopoetic system. May cause reproductive toxicity in humans.

A tolerance of 0.1 ppm (negligible residues) is established for residues of the herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) from application of its phenol or its readily hydrolyzable salts (alkanolamine salts, ammonium salt, or sodium salt) in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: alfalfa & alfalfa hay; almonds & almonds hulls; apples; apricots; barley (forage, grain, & straw); beans & beans (forage & hay); birdsfoot, trefoil; birdsfoot, trefoil, hay; blackberries; blueberries; boysenberries; cherries; citrus; clover & clover hay; corn (fodder & forage); corn, fresh (incl sweet corn (kernels plus cob with husk removed)); corn, grain (incl popcorn); cotton, forage; cottonseed & cottonseed, hulls; cucurbits; currants; dates; figs; filberts; garlic; gooseberries; grapes; hops.

A tolerance of 0.1 ppm (negligible residues) is established for residues of the herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) from application of its phenol or its readily hydrolyzable salts (alkanolamine salts, ammonium salt, or sodium salt) in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: loganberries; nectarines; oats (forage, grain, & straw); olives; onions; peaches; peanuts & peanuts (forage, hay, & hulls); pears; peas & peas (forage & hay); pecans; plums (prunes); potatoes; raspberries; rye (forage, grain, & straw); soybeans; strawberries; vetch & vetch hay; walnuts; and wheat (forage, grain, & straw).

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) from application of its phenol or its readily hydrolyzable salts (alkanolamine salts, ammonium salt, or sodium salt) in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: lentils: 0.1 ppm; soybeans (forage & hay): 1.0 ppm.

A tolerance of 0.1 ppm is established for residues of the herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) from application of its phenol or its readily hydrolyzable salts (ammonium salt or sodium salt) in or on the raw agricultural commodities pasture grass & pasture grass hay.

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

NO open flames.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! AVOID EXPOSURE OF ADOLESCENTS AND CHILDREN! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation (not if powder), local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Dinoseb appears as orange-brown viscous liquid or orange-brown solid. Orange crystals when pure. Has a pungent odor. Used as a plant growth regulator; insecticide and herbicide. (EPA, 1998)

Large Crystals

Orange or yellow solid with a pungent odor; [HSDB]

ORANGE CRYSTALS WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Yellow crystals

Orange solid

PUNGENT ODOR

100 to 108 °F (EPA, 1998)

38-42 °C

40 - 41 °C

60.1 to 84.9 °F for 3 commercial products (EPA, 1998)

15.6 °C, (CLOSED CUP) (DOW GENERAL WEED KILLER); 18.9 °C, (CLOSED CUP) (DOW SELECTIVE WEED KILLER)

0.0052 G/100 G WATER; 48 G/100 G ETHANOL; 27 G/100 G N-HEPTANE; MISCIBLE IN ETHYL ETHER, TOLUENE, & XYLENE

0.052 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.005 (very poor)

1.2647 at 113 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.2647 @ 45 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.3 (30 °C)

1.265 @ 45°C

7.73 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 8.3

1 mmHg at 303.98 °F (EPA, 1998)

1 MM HG @ 151.1 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 0.007

1 [mm Hg] @151.1 °C

2-YEAR SHELF LIFE MINIMUM; DOW GENERAL WEED KILLER: 2-YEAR SHELF LIFE MINIMUM.

CORROSIVE TO MILD STEEL IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER

Formulations are noncorrosive to equipment if cleaned after use.

AN ACIDIC PHENOL

Index of refraction 1.5707 @ 45 °C/D

PKA 4.62

150.5 Ų [M-H]- [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI-; Dataset: TOXCAST; Source Identifier: DTXSID3020207]

FORMS SALTS, SOME OF WHICH ARE WATER SOLUBLE, WITH INORGANIC & ORGANIC BASES

Technical: red-brown liquid

Highly water soluble as alkali salts.

The absorption maximum of dinoseb in water is 375 nm.

Fusion temperature

Melting temperature

Phase transition

Transition enthalpy

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Phenols and Cresols

Explosive

Strong Oxidizing Agent

DINOSEB is a powerful oxidizing agent. (NTP, 1992). It is dangerously explosive. When not water wet it is a high explosive. Dry, the material is easily ignited and it will burn very vigorously. On decomposition, nitro compounds such as this emit toxic fumes. Appear to be stable in acid solution, but are susceptible to decomposition by ultraviolet radiation in alkaline solution. [EPA, 1998].

Developmental

1 x 10 ^-3 mg/kg-day

Pesticide

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Cancer Classification: Group C Possible Human Carcinogen

CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Dinoseb was not observed to be carcinogenic in two inadequate studies in rats and in mice. In a third study, an increase in benign liver tumors in female mice was not considered to be treatment-related. The increase was much lower in the high dose than the mid dose, there were no decreases in time to tumor, nor any evidence of any of the potentially predisposing lesions in the liver such as hypertrophy, hyperplasia or degeneration which are often associated with known hepatocellular carcinogens. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate.

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Sweating. Headache. Laboured breathing. Nausea. Vomiting. Fever. Convulsions. Unconsciousness. Cyanosis

EASILY ABSORBED! Redness. Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Further see Inhalation.

Chemical: DINOSEB

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Other Poison - Uncoupler

Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

PDF Document

See the IRIS entry for Dinoseb

IRIS Current

HEAST Current

LD50 Rabbit percutaneous 80 to 200 mg/kg

LD50 Guinea pig acute dermal 100 to 200 mg/kg

LD50 Rat, adult male oral 27 mg/kg

LD50 Rat, adult female oral 28 mg/kg

In a poisoned person, the result is an almost immediate incr in oxygen consumption, body temp, breathing rate, and heart rate. Because circulation and resp do not accelerate in proportion to the metabolic demand, anoxia and acidosis develop. ... It is a milder corrosive to skin and mucous membrane than phenol, but concentrated soln have produced corrosion of the oropharyngeal, esophageal and gastric mucous membranes; Dinoseb exerts direct actions on the cerebrum and lower brain centers consisting of stimulation followed by depression; It may produce a necrotizing tubular injury of the kidneys. If the acute phase of poisoning is survived, the patient usually tolerates successfully the later complications, which may include renal insufficiency and a toxic hepatitis. The fulminating type of poisoning is characterized by sudden onset, severe symptoms, and prompt death (within 24 hours). Death is due to resp or circulatory collapse, especially the former. Many factors undoubtedly contribute to this collapse, notably hyperpyrexia, ... dehydration, muscle rigor (due to heat and/or lactic acid), and occasionally pulmonary edema. ... In subacute poisoning due to repeated daily exposures, some individuals complain of lassitude, headache, and malaise, while others experience a disarming sense of well-being, energy, and drive. /Dinitrophenol/

YELLOW STAINING OF SKIN & HAIR SIGNIFY CONTACT WITH NITROPHENOLIC CHEMICAL. STAINING OF SCLERAE & URINE INDICATE ABSORPTION OF POTENTIALLY TOXIC AMT. PROFUSE SWEATING, HEADACHE, THIRST, MALAISE, & LASSITUDE ARE COMMON EARLY SYMPTOMS OF POISONING. WARM, FLUSHED SKIN, TACHYCARDIA, & FEVER CHARACTERIZE A SERIOUS DEGREE OF POISONING. APPREHENSION, RESTLESSNESS, ANXIETY, MANIC BEHAVIOR, OR UNCONSCIOUSNESS REFLECT SEVERE CEREBRAL INJURY. ... CYANOSIS, TACHYPNEA & DYSPNEA OCCUR AS CONSEQUENCE OF EXTREME STIMULATION OF METABOLISM, PYREXIA, & TISSUE ANOXIA. WEIGHT LOSS OCCURS IN PERSONS CHRONICALLY POISONED AT LOW DOSAGES. /NITROPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS/

... TOXIC TO LIVER, KIDNEY, & NERVOUS SYSTEM. ... LIVER PARENCHYMA & RENAL TUBULES SHOW DEGENERATIVE CHANGES. ALBUMINURIA, PYURIA, HEMATURIA, & INCR BUN ARE OFTEN PROMINENT SIGNS OF RENAL INJURY. ... DEATH IN NITROPHENOL POISONING IS FOLLOWED PROMPTLY BY INTENSE RIGOR MORTIS. /NITROPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS/

MOST SEVERE POISONINGS FROM ABSORPTION OF THESE COMPOUNDS HAVE OCCURRED IN WORKERS WHO WERE CONCURRENTLY EXPOSED TO HOT ENVIRONMENTS. /NITROPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS/

AFTER ORAL OR IP ADMINISTRATION OF DINOSEB ... TO PREGNANT MICE, THE PARENT CMPD & METABOLITES WERE FOUND @ LOW CONCN IN EMBRYOS. INITIAL LEVELS IN EMBRYOS AFTER IP ADMINISTRATION WERE HIGHER THAN THOSE FOUND AFTER ORAL DOSING, WHICH MIGHT EXPLAIN ... DIFFERENT TERATOGENIC RESPONSE ELICITED BY ORAL (NEG) & IP (POS) ROUTES.

... DINOSEB IS HIGHLY TOXIC TO FISH. AFTER 24 HR OF EXPOSURE, GOLDFISH SHOWED NO EFFECT @ 0.1 PPM; BUT @ 0.4 PPM, ALL DIED.

... REPORT SURVIVAL OF RATS ADMINISTERED 5 MG/KG ORALLY, 60 MG/KG FATAL. ... RATS, AFTER SIX MONTHS OF 0.01% DINOSEB IN DIET, & DOGS AFTER 90 DAYS OF 4 MG/KG/DAY DINOSEB, SHOWED NO ILL EFFECTS.

FED TO RATS FOR 5 TO 13 DAYS AS 0.05% OF DIET; CAUSED RAPID EMACIATION, SLIGHT KIDNEY & LIVER EFFECTS, & DEATH.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DINOSEB (29 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50 YEARLING COHO SALMON 100 UG/L/96 HR /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/

LC50 CATFISH 118 PPB/96 HR /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/

LC50 Salmo clarki (Cutthroat trout) 67 ug/l/96 hr @ 10 °C (95% confidence limit 56-81 ug/l), wt 0.3 g /Technical material, 95.8%/ /Static bioassay/

LC50 Salvelinus namaycush (Lake trout) 44 ug/l 96 hr @ 10 °C (95% confidence limit 38-51 ug/l), wt 0.3 g /Technical material, 95.8%/ /Static bioassay/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for DINOSEB (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

6.30e+01

LC50 YEARLING COHO SALMON 100 UG/L/96 HR /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/

LC50 CATFISH 118 PPB/96 HR /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/

LC50 Salmo clarki (Cutthroat trout) 67 ug/l/96 hr @ 10 °C (95% confidence limit 56-81 ug/l), wt 0.3 g /Technical material, 95.8%/ /Static bioassay/

LC50 Salvelinus namaycush (Lake trout) 44 ug/l 96 hr @ 10 °C (95% confidence limit 38-51 ug/l), wt 0.3 g /Technical material, 95.8%/ /Static bioassay/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for DINOSEB (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

6.30e+01

8.20e+02

1.50e+01

7.00e+00

1.30e-01

6.20e-02

1.00e-03

Volatile

1.90e+02

2.50e+03

4.40e+01

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance may be hazardous to the environment. Special attention should be given to bees, birds and mammals. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

Release of dinoseb has resulted primarily from its use as an herbicide on a variety of weeds. Release of dinoseb to soil is expected to result in biodegradation and dinoseb will only weakly adsorb to soils and should, therefore, leach to groundwater. However, it may bind more strongly to clay soils, especially at acidic pH. Photolytic degradation of dinoseb from soil surface may be important. Dinoseb may photodegrade in surface water with a half-life of 14-18 days. Hydrolysis in water may not be important. It is unlikely to undergo significant biodegradation in most natural waters. Volatilization from water is expected to be slow and bioconcentration is expected to be insignificant. The half-life for the reaction of vapor phase dinoseb with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere was estimated to be 14.1 days. Wet deposition may remove some of the compound from air. Exposure to dinoseb in humans is expected to occur primarily in workers using the herbicide. (SRC)

Dinoseb is a contact herbicide used as the ammonium or amine salt for post-emergence weed control in cereals, undersown cereals, seedling lucerne and peas(1). Oil solutions of dinoseb are used for pre-emergence control of annual weeds in beans, peas and potatoes, for pre-harvest dessication of hops, leguminous seed crops, potatoes and for control of runners and suckers in strawberries and raspberries(1). Dinoseb is also used as a corn yield enhancer(2) and an insecticide and miticide(3). Therefore, direct release to the environment from these herbicidal applications has occurred(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: WATER-SOLUBLE SALTS OF DINOSEB ... LEACH READILY IN SOIL. HOWEVER, OIL-SOLUBLE OR WATER-MISCIBLE FORMULATIONS OF DINOSEB MOVED MUCH LESS THAN WATER-SOLUBLE FORMULATIONS.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Dinoseb is expected to biodegrade in slowly soil. It should bind weakly to soil. Therefore, leaching in soil is possible and dinoseb has been detected in groundwater. However, it may bind more strongly to clay soils, specialy at acidic pH. Photolytic degrdration of dinoseb from soil surface may be important. Volatilization is not expected to be significant. In the absence of volatilization, the half-life of dinoseb in the vadose zone sandy loam soil was estimated to be about 100 days(1).

AQUATIC FATE: Dinoseb may photodegrade in surface water with a half-life of 14-16 days(1). Hydrolysis in water may not be important(1). Volatilization and adsorption to sediments are not expected to be significant. It is unlikely to undergo significant biodegradation in most natural waters(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based on its vapor pressure of 8.5X10-2 mm Hg at 20 °C(1), dinoseb may exist entirely in the vapor phase in the atmosphere(2). The half-life for the reaction of vapor phase dinoseb with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere was estimated to be 4.1 days(3). Due to its water solubility of 52 mg/L at 25 °C(4), some of the atmospheric dinoseb may be removed by wet deposition.

RESULTANT AVERAGE PERSISTENCE OF PHYTOTOXICITY @ RECOMMENDED RATES: 2 TO 4 WK UNDER AVERAGE CONDITIONS OF USE.

... MICROBIAL BREAKDOWN HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED.

At a very high application rate of 5 tons/acre, no biodegradation of dinoseb was observed in calcareous loam soil and the pesticide was found to be very inhibitory to soil microorganisms(1). At concentration typically applied to soil, dinoseb may biodegrade(2). Pseudomonas aeroginosa and P putida grew readily with dinoseb as a sole source of carbon, although it was not degraded by DNOC-degrading bacteria(2). Incubation of 5 ppm dinoseb in soil at 25 °C for 60 days resulted in evolution of 36.0% of the applied (14)C carbon as (14)C carbon dioxide(3). Dinoseb has been classified as unlikely to be degraded by even extended exposure to conventional biological sewage treatment process(4).

The absorption maximum of dinoseb in water is 375 nm(1) and therefore, direct photolysis of dinoseb in water may be significant. The half-life of dinoseb in a sandly loam soil was 14 hrs when exposed to natural sunlight indicating that it is subject to photodegradation in soil(2). In water dinoseb had a half-life of 14-18 days when exposed to natural sunlight(2). Dinoseb is a weak acid (pKa = 4.62(3)) and ionization will occur in alkaline water. Dinoseb was stable to hydrolysis in water in the pH range of 5-9 at 25 °C over a period of 30 days(2). The hydrolysis half-life of dinoseb to soil was estimated to be 30 days(4). This indicates that hydrolysis in soil may be soil-catalyzed. Based on an estimation method(5) and a daily average concn of 5X10+5/cu cm for hydroxyl radicals(5), a half-life of 4.1 days was estimated fo the reaction of vapor phase dinoseb with photochemically produced generated hydroxyl radicals(SRC).

A bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 68 for dinoseb was estimated from its water solubility (50 mg/L)(1). A BCF of this magnitude suggests that dinoseb will not bioconcentrate significantly(SRC).

The measured soil-sorption coefficient (Koc) of dinoseb is 124(1). A Koc of this magnitude suggests that dinoseb will be highly mobile in soil and may leach to groundwater. A much higher Koc value of 6607 wa obtained at a buffered pH of 3(2). It appears that soil sorption may be pH dependent and at low pH adsorption may be stronger. It has been shown, however, that p-nitrophenol adsorbs strongly to clays through an interaction between the nitro group and the water molecules or metallic cations in the clay(3). Dinoseb may similarly bind to clays at low pH. Experiments with soil thin layer chromatography showed that dinoseb was intermediate to very mobile in silt loam sand loam and silty loam soils(4).

SOME LOSSES ... UNDER SPECIFIC CONDITIONS OF SOIL ACIDITY, HIGH TEMP, & SURFACE SOIL MOISTURE.

The esimated Henry's Law constant of 5.04X10-4 atm cu m/mol(1) suggests that volatilization of dinoseb from water will be slow(2). Some loss of dinoseb may occur from moist soil surface by codistillation specially at high temperature and acidic soil conditions(3). The laboratory-measured evaporation half-life for dinoseb from a soil surface (soil characteristics and environmental conditions not specified) was 26 days(4).

GROUNDWATER: OVER 10 YR 1969-1978, WATERS OF WELLS IN ONTARIO, CANADA WERE ANALYZED BECAUSE OF CONTAMINATION FROM HERBICIDE SPILLAGE IN OR NEAR THE WELL, COMPLAINTS OF IMPAIRED WATER FLAVOR, OR INJURY TO SEEDLING PLANTS MOISTENED WITH WELL WATER. ONE OF THE 3 PARTICULARLY PERSISTENT CONTAMINANTS WAS DINOSEB.

GROUNDWATER: Detected in groundwater of Long Island, NY at concn range 1-5 ug/L(2). The concn of dinoseb in well water 182 days following a spill was 13 mg/L(3) and was over 3000 mg/L after 382 days of spill(3). Qualitatively detected in 11 groundwater samples in CA(4) and 2 groundwater samples in WI(5). It was also detected in groundwater samples in ME, MA and OR(6). In 3 states in US, its median concn in groundwater was 0.7 ug/L with a max concn of 36.7 ug/L(7).

SURFACE WATER: If was found at a concn of 1 ug/L in a Ohio surface water out of 89 surface waters collected from different locations(1). Dinoseb was consistently found in ditch water at farms in British Columbia, Canada at concn from not detected to 20 ug/L(2).

Dinoseb was detected at a max concn of 44 ug/L in the agricultural drainage water from potatoe fields in Northwestern New Brunswick, Canada(1).

A monitoring survey was conducted from 1985 to 1987 to determine the levels of five pesticides in selected farm ditches leading three rivers in British Columbia, Canada. In 1985, dinoseb was only found once in ditch sediments (July 1985, 22.9 ug/kg). However, in 1987, dinoseb residues were found in ditch sediments at two sites (mean level 81.2 and 108.6 ug/kg). Elevated levels were detected during the wet season of the yr (Dec 1987 and Feb 1988 samples)(1).

POTENTIAL EXPOSURE OF WORKERS TO DINOSEB SPRAYING CORN & PEA FIELDS WITH BOOM GROUND SPRAYERS: 0.12 MG/HR RESPIRATORY; 88.7 MG/HR DERMAL; TOTAL= 0.57% TOXIC DOSE/HR. /FROM TABLE/

DEATHS HAVE OCCURRED IN SPRAY OPERATORS & PLANNED MEASURES HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED TO PREVENT RISKS TO AGRICULTURAL WORKERS DURING APPLICATION ... .

Exposure of workers to dinoseb is likely during spraying and mixing operations. (SRC)

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P020, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Dinoseb is a good candidate for liquid injection incineration, with a temp range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2.0 seconds. Also, a good candidate for rotary kiln incineration, with a temp range of 820 to 1,600 °C with a residence time of seconds. Also, a good candidate for fluidized bed incineration, with a temp range of 450 to 980 °C and a residence time of seconds.

Group I Containers: Combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) should be disposed of in pesticide incinerators or in specified landfill sites. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Group II Containers: Non-combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) must first be triple-rinsed. Containers that are in good condition may be returned to the manufacturer or formulator of the pesticide product, or to a drum reconditioner for reuse with the same type of pesticide product, if such reuse is legal under Department of Transportation regulations (eg 49 CFR 173.28). Containers that are not to be reused should be punctured ... and transported to a scrap metal facility for recycling, disposal or burial in a designated landfill. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Incineration is suggested at 1000 °C (2.0 sec minimum) with adequate scrubbing equipment for the removal of NO(x). Recommendable method: Incineration. Not recommendable method: Hydrolysis. Peer-review: Alkaline and acid hydrolysis not recommendable due to toxicity of the reaction products. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

UN 2779; Substituted nitrophenol pesticides, liquid or solid, toxic, not otherwise specified (cmpd & prepn).

UN 2780; Substituted nitrophenol pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, not otherwise specified, flashpoint less than 23 °C (cmpd & prepn).

UN 3013; Substituted nitrophenol pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, not otherwise specified, flashpoint between 23 °C and 61 °C.

UN 3014; Substituted nitrophenol pesticides, liquid, toxic, not otherwise specified.

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for DINOSEB (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Marine pollutant.

Symbol: T, N; R: 61-62-24/25-36-44-50/53; S: 53-45-60-61; Note: E

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II