Picryl Chloride

H201: (Deleted) Explosive; mass explosion hazard [Danger Explosives]

H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P230, P240, P250, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P370+P380, P372, P373, P391, P401, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300+H310+H330 (100%): Fatal if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (100%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H330 (100%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 40 reports by companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

P210, P230, P240, P250, P261, P272, P280, P302+P352, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P370+P380, P372, P373, P401, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Fires involving this material should not be fought except with unmanned equipment using a water spray. (NTP, 1992)

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

Small Spill

· Flush area with large amounts of water.

Large Spill

· Wet down with water and dike for later disposal.

· KEEP "WETTED" PRODUCT WET BY SLOWLY ADDING FLOODING QUANTITIES OF WATER.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 112 [Explosives - Division 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 or 1.5]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 500 meters (1/3 mile) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

FIRE: If rail car or trailer is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial evacuation for 500 meters (1/3 mile) in all directions.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for nitrobenzene: activated carbon. /Nitrobenzene/

The following wastewater treatment technologies have be investigated for nitrobenzene: biological treatment. /Nitrobenzene/

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for nitrobenzene: chemical precipitation. /Nitrobenzene/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1,3,5-TRINITROBENZENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under freezer conditions, and keep it away from all oxidizing materials. STORE AWAY FROM SOURCES OF IGNITION. (NTP, 1992)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

CARGO Fire

· DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches cargo! Cargo may EXPLODE!

· Stop all traffic and clear the area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions and let burn.

· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.

TIRE or VEHICLE Fire

· Use plenty of water - FLOOD it! If water is not available, use CO2, dry chemical or dirt.

· If possible, and WITHOUT RISK, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles from maximum distance to prevent fire from spreading to cargo area.

· Pay special attention to tire fires as re-ignition may occur. Stand by, at a safe distance, with extinguisher ready for possible re-ignition.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Picryl chloride appears as a detonating explosive in the form of light yellow needles. Slightly soluble in ether, alcohol, and benzene. Insoluble in water. As insensitive to shock as TNT. Primary hazard is blast of an instantaneous explosion, not flying projectiles or fragments. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat the containers may explode violently.

Almost white solid; [Merck Index] White needle crystals; Wet with 20% water; [MSDSonline]

Almost white needles

White needles or plates from chloroform, alcohol, & ligand

181 to 185 °F (NTP, 1992)

less than 1 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)

Freely sol in hot chloroform, benzene, boiling alcohol; slightly sol in ether or petroleum ether

Sol in ethanol; very sol in acetone

In water, 530 mg/L at 16 °C

1.797 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.797 g/cu cm at 20 °C

0.00000383 [mmHg]

Boiling point

Crystal structure

Formula unit

Formula weight

Heat of sublimation

Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Quadrupole coupling

Space group

Unit cell

Unit cell parameter

Vapor pressure

Nitrogen Compounds -> Nitros, Aromatic

Insoluble in water.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Aryl Halides

Explosive

PICRYL CHLORIDE is extremely unstable when dry. Incompatible with oxidizing materials, inorganic nitrates, chlorates and ammonium nitrate (NTP, 1992). Reacts readily with ammonia to form picramide [Noller].

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

The effects of histamine, cimetidine, and diphenhydramine on picryl chloride (PCl)-induced ear contact sensitivity, as well as liver injury, were examined in mice. Histamine was found to produce less response in mice to PCl. In contrast, cimetidine, a selective antagonist of histamine type 2 receptor, significantly enhanced the response, while diphenhydramine, a selective antagonist of histamine type 1 receptor showed no effect. The pre-treatment of 2,4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) significantly caused a tolerance to the formation of the liver injury induced by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to PCl. Against the tolerance, the single iv administration of 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (Cy) at 3 days before the TNBS-treatment recovered the response and induced a remarkable elevation of serum transaminases. On the other hand, cyclosporin A protected the liver injury. These observations revealed that the development of acute PCl-DTH liver injury was regulated by the functional state of suppressor and helper T cells.

... BALB/c mice were sensitized with 0.3% w/v 2,4,6-trinitro-1-chlorobenzene (TNCB) applied to the ear ... three times a week ... . Rolipram, prednisolone and cyclosporine A were administered orally once daily from day 0 to 21. Rolipram at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day significantly inhibited the ear thickness and the increase in cytokine levels and enzyme activity in the ear. Interleukin (IL)-4 production was markedly decreased in cervical lymph node cells from animals treated with rolipram at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. Prednisolone and cyclosporine A significantly reduced ear thickness. These compounds significantly decreased the total cell and lymphocyte number of the cervical lymph nodes. Furthermore, prednisolone markedly suppressed body weight gain, and cyclosporine A significantly increased the serum total IgE concentration compared with that in the vehicle-treated control. Rolipram, unlike prednisolone and cyclosporine A, did not influence body weight and the total IgE concentration in the serum. The present results suggest that the PDE4 inhibitor is a promising oral medicine for the treatment of chronic skin inflammatory diseases.

... Oral administration of extract from Hatakeshimeji (Lyophyllum decastes, LD extract) to NC/Nga mice inhibited the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions /induced by repeated application of picryl chloride/ based on lower total skin severity scores and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Splenic lymphocytes were stimulated with the T cell mitogen concanavalin A, and secretion of a Th1 cytokine (IFN-gamma) and a Th2 cytokine (IL-4) was determined by ELISA. IFN-gamma production was not inhibited by treatment with LD extract. On the other hand, IL-4 production was significantly decreased by treatment with LD extract. These results suggest that LD extract exerts anti-allergic actions by suppressing the serum IgE and Th2-type immune responses.

... Rumex japonicus Houtt. (RJH) is one of the herbs used in Eastern countries for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). It has been shown to have an antioxidative effect in human skin disease. ... To examine whether RJH extract (RJH-E) suppresses the development of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice, which are induced by the repeated application of picryl chloride (PC). ... symptom severity, scratching behavior, Staphylococcus aureus numbers on an ear, and serum levels of IgE, interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma /were measured/. ... Oral administration of RJH-E to NC/Nga mice treated with PC inhibited the development of AD-like skin lesions as exemplified by a significant decrease in total skin symptom severity scores, and a decrease in hypertrophy, hyperkeratosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the skin. The scratching behavior and numbers of S. aureus, which are known to be exacerbated in AD, were also significantly reduced by RJH-E. No significant change was observed in the serum levels of IFN-gamma, whereas IgE and IL-4 levels were significantly reduced by RJH-E. ...

For more Interactions (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1,3,5-TRINITROBENZENE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... .Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1,3,5-TRINITROBENZENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /SRP/ Potential Sensitizer.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ ... This study ... first investigated the cellular immune responses in mice with chronic liver injury induced by delayed-type hypersensitivity to picryl chloride (PCl). A continuous reduction, after week 3 of liver injury, was observed in the level of PCl-induced contact sensitivity but not in sheep red blood cell-induced footpad reaction, suggesting the presence of PCl-specific suppression. When spleen cells from mice whose liver had been injured for 1 week were systemically transferred into syngeneic recipients with the liver injury, the elevation in serum lactic dehydrogenase and the decrease in alkaline phosphatase and albumin levels in recipient mice were significantly exacerbated. However, when the liver damage in the donor mouse was allowed to proceed for 3, 5 or 7 weeks, biochemical changes in recipients were reduced to near normal levels. A flow-cytometric assay demonstrated that the number of CD4+ T cells in both spleen cells and liver nonparenchymal cells decreased dramatically during the late phase of liver injury, while CD8+ counts did not. These findings suggest that CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes may contribute to the positive and negative regulation, respectively, of the early and late phases in the chronic development of liver injury.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ The developmental characteristics of liver injury induced by a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) mechanism against picryl chloride were examined for 9 consecutive weeks in 3 mouse strains, BALB/c, Kunming and ICR mice. The changes of most biochemical parameters were similar in these three strains, namely, the activities of serum transaminases, lactic dehydrogenase, and prolidase were elevated significantly on day 1, during the first several weeks, and almost throughout the duration, respectively, of liver injury. The content of liver hydroxyproline was also increased after 1-9 weeks of liver injury. In addition, a significant decrease of liver weight, serum alkaline phosphatase and albumin level was observed in BALB/c and Kunming mice. Similar changes in liver histology were also found in the three strains. The hepatocellular necrosis and inflammatory infiltration into the portal area were the predominant features on day 1 and were still distinct during the subsequent several weeks. The mild or moderate hepatocellular degeneration, regeneration and connective tissue hyperplasia were observed after 1 or 3 weeks. A bridging necrosis between portal and portal was observed in several BALB/c and ICR mice, reflecting the possibility of exacerbation of liver injury. ...

/IMMUNOTOXICITY/ Lymph node cells from BALB/k mice, but not from BALB/c mice, immunized with picryl chloride (PCl) produce IL-5 when stimulated with the specific antigen in vitro and this correlates with picryl-specific IgA levels in vivo, which are 6 to 10 times higher in BALB/k mice. B lymphocytes from BALB/k mice cultured with PCl-immune T cells from BALB/k produce in vivo anti-PCl-IgA, while B lymphocytes from BALB/c mice, cultured with T cells from BALB/c mice, fail to produce appreciable amounts of anti-PCl IgA, unless IL-5 is added to cultures. ...

/IMMUNOTOXICITY/ Ear skin responses to picryl chloride (PCL)-induced contact dermatitis were compared in detail between IQI/Jic mice developed in Japan and BALB/c mice often used for the investigation of contact dermatitis. PCL was applied to the left ear of each mouse 4 (1st), 11 (2nd), 18 (3rd) and 25 days (4th) after sensitization of the abdominal skin with PCL. Time course examinations were carried out on the ear swelling responses, total IgE levels, skin histology and immunohistochemistry for infiltrated cells after the 1st and 4th application. In IQI mice, the peak time of the ear swelling responses tended to shift from 24 hr to 9 hr with marked elevation of total IgE levels and marked increase of mast cells showing degranulation after the 4th application when CD8(+) cells as well as CD4(+) cells also prominently increased. In BALB/c mice, except for the total IgE levels and the number of mast cells, the degrees of ear swelling responses, histological changes and increase of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were much less severe. Female IQI mice are considered to be a useful mouse strain for further investigations on the role of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the pathogenesis of contact dermatitis.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1,3,5-TRINITROBENZENE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene's former production and use in acrylate adhesives, epoxy resin, polyisocyanate mixture stabilizer, and in concrete and gypsum impregnation and its current use as a research chemical may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 1.1X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene will be very slowly degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 115 years. Particulate-phase 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 140. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-10 atm-cu m/mole. 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is expected to be resistant to biodegradation under aerobic conditions in soil and water as the presence of multiple nitro groups and a halogen group, as found in its structure, have been reported to decrease biodegradability. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 18 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. A hydrolysis half-life of 127 days at pH 7 has been reported for 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene. Occupational exposure to 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene may have occurred during its former production through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene was produced or used. (SRC)

2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene's former production and use in acrylate adhesives, epoxy resin, as a polyisocyanate mixture stabilizer, and in concrete and gypsum impregnation (1) and its current use as a research chemical(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 140(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 530 mg/L at 16 °C(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.1X10-5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is expected to be resistant to biodegradation under aerobic conditions in soil(SRC) as the presence of multiple nitro groups and a halogen group, as found in its structure, have been reported to decrease biodegradability(6). 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is expected to slowly hydrolyze in water with a half-life of 127 days at pH 7(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 140(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 530 mg/L at 16 °C(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 18(SRC), from its water solubility (2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is expected to be resistant to biodegradation under aerobic conditions in water(SRC) as the presence of multiple nitro groups and a halogen group, as found in its structure, have been reported to decrease biodegradability(6). 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is expected to slowly hydrolyze in water with a half-life of 127 days at pH 7(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.1X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C (SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 42,000 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.8X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is expected to be resistant to biodegradation under aerobic conditions(SRC) as the presence of multiple nitro groups and a halogen group, as found in its structure, have been reported to decrease biodegradability(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.8x10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 42,000 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). A hydrolysis rate constant of 6.44x10-8 L/mole-sec(SRC) was measured for 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene at pH 7, corresponding to a half-life of 127 days(3).

An estimated BCF of 18 was calculated for 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene(SRC), using a water solubility of 530 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is estimated as 140(SRC), using a water solubility of 530 mg/L at 16 °C(1)and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is estimated as 2.5X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.1X10-5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

Occupational exposure to 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene may have occurred during its former production through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene was produced or used. (SRC)

2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene's former production and use in acrylate adhesives, epoxy resin, polyisocyanate mixture stabilizer, and in concrete and gypsum impregnation and its current use as a research chemical may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 1.1X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene will be very slowly degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 115 years. Particulate-phase 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 140. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-10 atm-cu m/mole. 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is expected to be resistant to biodegradation under aerobic conditions in soil and water as the presence of multiple nitro groups and a halogen group, as found in its structure, have been reported to decrease biodegradability. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 18 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. A hydrolysis half-life of 127 days at pH 7 has been reported for 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene. Occupational exposure to 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene may have occurred during its former production through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene was produced or used. (SRC)

2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene's former production and use in acrylate adhesives, epoxy resin, as a polyisocyanate mixture stabilizer, and in concrete and gypsum impregnation (1) and its current use as a research chemical(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 140(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 530 mg/L at 16 °C(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.1X10-5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is expected to be resistant to biodegradation under aerobic conditions in soil(SRC) as the presence of multiple nitro groups and a halogen group, as found in its structure, have been reported to decrease biodegradability(6). 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is expected to slowly hydrolyze in water with a half-life of 127 days at pH 7(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 140(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 530 mg/L at 16 °C(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 18(SRC), from its water solubility (2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is expected to be resistant to biodegradation under aerobic conditions in water(SRC) as the presence of multiple nitro groups and a halogen group, as found in its structure, have been reported to decrease biodegradability(6). 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is expected to slowly hydrolyze in water with a half-life of 127 days at pH 7(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.1X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C (SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 42,000 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.8X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is expected to be resistant to biodegradation under aerobic conditions(SRC) as the presence of multiple nitro groups and a halogen group, as found in its structure, have been reported to decrease biodegradability(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.8x10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 42,000 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). A hydrolysis rate constant of 6.44x10-8 L/mole-sec(SRC) was measured for 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene at pH 7, corresponding to a half-life of 127 days(3).

An estimated BCF of 18 was calculated for 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene(SRC), using a water solubility of 530 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is estimated as 140(SRC), using a water solubility of 530 mg/L at 16 °C(1)and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is estimated as 2.5X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.1X10-5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

Occupational exposure to 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene may have occurred during its former production through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene was produced or used. (SRC)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for nitrobenzene: activated carbon. /Nitrobenzene/

The following wastewater treatment technologies have be investigated for nitrobenzene: biological treatment. /Nitrobenzene/

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for nitrobenzene: chemical precipitation. /Nitrobenzene/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1,3,5-TRINITROBENZENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 113: FLAMMABLE SOLIDS - TOXIC (WET/DESENSITIZED EXPLOSIVE)/ Fire or Explosion: Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. DRIED OUT material may explode if exposed to heat, flame, friction or shock; treat as an explosive (GUIDE 112). Keep material wet with water or treat as an explosive (Guide 112). Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. /Picryl chloride, wetted with not less than 10% water/

/GUIDE 113: FLAMMABLE SOLIDS - TOXIC (WET/DESENSITIZED EXPLOSIVE)/ Health: Some are toxic and may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Picryl chloride, wetted with not less than 10% water/

/GUIDE 113: FLAMMABLE SOLIDS - TOXIC (WET/DESENSITIZED EXPLOSIVE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number. ... Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Picryl chloride, wetted with not less than 10% water/

/GUIDE 113: FLAMMABLE SOLIDS - TOXIC (WET/DESENSITIZED EXPLOSIVE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Picryl chloride, wetted with not less than 10% water/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-CHLORO-1,3,5-TRINITROBENZENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Explosive 1.1D