4-chloro-2-nitroaniline

H300 (99.4%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (99.4%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H330 (99.4%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H373 (99.4%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 179 reports by companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P260, P319, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P264, P270, P301+P317, P330, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fires involving this chemical can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray or "alcohol" foam. As in any fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent) and full protective gear. Water mist may be used to cool closed containers.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Prevent product from entering drains. Sweep up and shovel into suitable containers for disposal.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Do not use water.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.

Ensure adequate ventilation. Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.

Eye contact: In the case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting without medical advice. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Consult a physician.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with alcohol, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with alcohol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminate area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

Keep containers tightly closed in a cool, well-ventilated place.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. ... Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. Respiratory protection: Breathing apparatus only if aerosol or dust is formed. Hand protection: PVC or other plastic material gloves. Skin and body protection: Usual safety precautions while handling the product will provide adequate protection against this potential effect. Eye protection: Safety glasses with side-shields.

4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is a bright orange powder. (NTP, 1992)

Orange solid; [Hawley] Orange powder; [MSDSonline]

Orange crystals

Dark orange-yellow prisms from dil alc

241 to 243 °F (NTP, 1992)

116.5 °C

less than 1 mg/mL at 72 °F (NTP, 1992)

Very soluble in ethanol, ether, acetic acid; slightly soluble in acetone, ligand

Insoluble in water, methanol, and ether

In water, 5,003 mg/L at 25 °C

0.000485 [mmHg]

4.85X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C (wat)

log Kow = 2.72

When heated to decomposition ... emits toxic vapors of /nitrogen oxides and hydrogen chloride/.

Positive

Agilent XCT

Electrospray ionization

formic acid (5.3nM)

MeCN (80%)

DOI:10.1021/ac902856t

pKa = -1.02 (conjugate acid)

15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum

Chemical shift

Spin-spin coupling constant

Nitrogen Compounds -> Nitroanilines

Insoluble in water.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Aryl Halides

Amines, Aromatic

4-CHLORO-2-NITROANILINE forms explosive products on reaction with nitric acid. Can react with oxidizing agents. (NTP, 1992)

In a large scale-up of the method for preparing 4-chloro-2,6-dinitroaniline by reacting nitric acid with 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline, an unexpected strong evolution of heat was experienced. The exotherm was found due to the simultaneous formation of two explosive products: the isomer 2-chloro-4,6-dinitroaniline & also 4-chloro-3,6-dinitrophenyldiazonium-2-oxide.

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

LD50 Rat oral 400 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 800 mg/kg

Routine checking of lips, tongue and nail beds of exposed personnel for signs of cyanosis. /Protect/ from exposure those individuals with anemia, cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Chronic toxicity: Chronic exposure may cause nausea and vomiting, higher exposure causes unconsciousness. Local effects: Symptoms of overexposure may be headache, dizziness, tiredness, nausea and vomiting. Specific effects: May include moderate to severe erythema (redness) and moderate edema (raised skin), nausea, vomiting, headache.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. ... Risk of serious damage to eyes

/GENOTOXICITY/ The toxicity of 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline (4C2NA) and 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline (2C4NA) was investigated on isolated rat hepatocytes following 1-3 hours of exposure to 0.2 and/or 2 mM of these xenobiotics. The higher of the two concentrations appeared to induce a statistically significant loss of cellular viability (p less than 0.01 compared to control) ... Furthermore, both chloronitroanilines produced an hepatocellular and microsomal damage demonstrated by conspicuous changes in LDH and G-6-Pase activities (p less than 0.01). The exposure to 2 mM of both 4C2NA and/or 2C4NA produced a marked depletion of the intracellular pool of GSH after 3 hours (13 mM/10(6) and 10 mM/10(6) cells, respectively; p less than 0.01). ...

/GENOTOXICITY/ From a group of 24 chemicals tested in at least two trials, clear evidence of chemical-induced transformation was detected for 12 chemicals... /but 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline was inactive/.

/GENOTOXICITY/ Streptomyces griseus cells containing cytochrome P-450 soy oxidize a diverse array of xenobiotic compounds. This metabolic capability was exploited for activation of promutagenic chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines and small aliphatics in a modified Salmonella/Ames plate incorporation assay using tester strains TA98 and TA1538. In this assay promutagens such as 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine, 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine, benzidine, 2-acetylaminofluorene, 2-aminoanthracene, 2,4-diaminotoluene, 4-aminobiphenyl, benzo(a)pyrene, chloropicrin and N-nitrosodimethylamine were oxidized to mutagenic metabolites by S. griseus intact cells which mutated Salmonella tester strains (TA98 and TA1538). S. griseus failed to activate 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene and 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline. In parallel tests performed with rat liver homogenate (S9), N-nitrosodimethylamine was not activated.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=89-63-4]

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age 6-24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH > or =7.0; Concentration: 3700 ug/L for 24 hr

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age 6-24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH > or =7.0; Concentration: 3200 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 2900-3500 ug/L)

EC50; Photobacterium phosphorem (19.8 ug/L);Condition: 15 degree C) for 30 min /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

EC50; Water flea (3.2 mg/L) for 48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline's production and use as a dye and pigment intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 4.8X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 days. The compound contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc value of 720. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. A 0% theoretical BOD using an activated sludge inoculum and the Japanese MITI test indicates that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process. If released into water, 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. BCF values of 7.5-13.4 suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is produced or used. (SRC)

4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline's production and use as a dye and pigment intermediate(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 720(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.72(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization of 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). 4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.8X10-4 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). A 0% theoretical BOD using an activated sludge inoculum and the Japanese MITI test(6) indicates that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 720(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.72(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), BCF values of 7.5-13.4(6), suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 0% theoretical BOD using an activated sludge inoculum and the Japanese MITI test(6) indicates that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 4.8X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). The compound contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: 4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline, present at 100 ppm, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 ppm and the Japanese MITI test(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). The compound contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

A 6 week bioconcentration study obtained BCF values of 7.5-13.2 and 8.0-13.4 in carp (Cyprinus carpio) for concentrations of 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline of 100 and 10 ppb, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is estimated as 720(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.72(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is expected to have low mobility in soil. Anilines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(4,5), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC). The log Koc of 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline was measured as 2.30 in Yangtze river sediment (37.1% sand, 49.3% silt, 13.6% clay, 1.28% organic carbon, pH 7.44)(6). The log Koc was also measured as 3.68 in modified clay(7). These values give Koc values of 200 and 4800, respectively(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is estimated as 1.2X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.8X10-4 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

DRINKING WATER: 4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline was qualitatively detected in drinking water concentrate from Cincinnati, Ohio on October 17, 1978(1).

4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline was identified in one industrial wastewater extract of an organic and plastic industry at a concentration of 246 ng/uL extract(1). 4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline was identified at a concentration of 11 ug/mL in hazardous waste incineration effluents from four different test sites(2). 4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline was qualitatively detected in advanced waste treatment concentrate from Lake Tahoe, CA on October 24, 1974(3).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 17,827 workers (16,443 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is produced or used(SRC).

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age 6-24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH > or =7.0; Concentration: 3700 ug/L for 24 hr

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age 6-24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH > or =7.0; Concentration: 3200 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 2900-3500 ug/L)

EC50; Photobacterium phosphorem (19.8 ug/L);Condition: 15 degree C) for 30 min /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

EC50; Water flea (3.2 mg/L) for 48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline's production and use as a dye and pigment intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 4.8X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 days. The compound contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is expected to have low mobility based upon an estimated Koc value of 720. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. A 0% theoretical BOD using an activated sludge inoculum and the Japanese MITI test indicates that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process. If released into water, 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. BCF values of 7.5-13.4 suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is produced or used. (SRC)

4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline's production and use as a dye and pigment intermediate(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 720(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.72(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization of 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). 4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.8X10-4 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). A 0% theoretical BOD using an activated sludge inoculum and the Japanese MITI test(6) indicates that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 720(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.72(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), BCF values of 7.5-13.4(6), suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 0% theoretical BOD using an activated sludge inoculum and the Japanese MITI test(6) indicates that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 4.8X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). The compound contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: 4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline, present at 100 ppm, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 ppm and the Japanese MITI test(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). The compound contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

A 6 week bioconcentration study obtained BCF values of 7.5-13.2 and 8.0-13.4 in carp (Cyprinus carpio) for concentrations of 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline of 100 and 10 ppb, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is estimated as 720(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.72(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is expected to have low mobility in soil. Anilines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(4,5), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC). The log Koc of 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline was measured as 2.30 in Yangtze river sediment (37.1% sand, 49.3% silt, 13.6% clay, 1.28% organic carbon, pH 7.44)(6). The log Koc was also measured as 3.68 in modified clay(7). These values give Koc values of 200 and 4800, respectively(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is estimated as 1.2X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.8X10-4 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

DRINKING WATER: 4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline was qualitatively detected in drinking water concentrate from Cincinnati, Ohio on October 17, 1978(1).

4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline was identified in one industrial wastewater extract of an organic and plastic industry at a concentration of 246 ng/uL extract(1). 4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline was identified at a concentration of 11 ug/mL in hazardous waste incineration effluents from four different test sites(2). 4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline was qualitatively detected in advanced waste treatment concentrate from Lake Tahoe, CA on October 24, 1974(3).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 17,827 workers (16,443 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is produced or used(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Chloronitroanilines/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Chloronitroanilines/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Chloronitroanilines/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Chloronitroanilines/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 4-CHLORO-2-NITROANILINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2237; Chloronitroanilines

IMO 6.1; Chloronitroanilines

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.