2-methoxyaniline

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

P203, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P318, P321, P330, P361+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301+H311+H331 (40.5%): Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (100%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331 (100%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H341 (99.6%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350 (99.6%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H373 (44.7%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411 (40.9%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 257 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P273, P280, P318, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

P261, P272, P280, P302+P352, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P319, P330, P337+P317, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P203, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P319, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P203, P260, P264, P270, P280, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Administration of oxygen may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Administration of oxygen may be needed. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Administration of oxygen may be needed. Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or alcohol foam extinguishers. Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position ... The only respirators recommended for fire fighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full facepieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. /Anisidines/

Water or foam may cause frothing when applied on flammable liquids having flash points above 212 °F (100 °C) or the boiling point of water. This remark is included only as a precaution and does not indicate that water or foam should not or could not be used in fighting fires in such liquids. The frothing may be quite violent and could endanger the life of the fire fighter particularly when solid streams are directed into the hot burning liquid. On the other hand, water spray carefully applied has been ... used with success in extinguishing such fires by causing the frothing to occur only on the surface ... .

If material is involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Anisidines/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Spill handling: Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Cover with sand and soda ash (9:1). After mixing, collect material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Keep o-anisidine out of confined spaces, such as a sewer, because of the potential for an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the buildup of explosive concentrations. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. /Anisidines/

Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place.

Environmental considerations - land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain fluid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder or commercial respondents. /Anisidines/

Environmental considerations - water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Anisidines/

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for o-Anisidine (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Dissolve in combustible solvent (alcohols, benzene, etc.) and spray solution into furnace equipped with afterburner and scrubber or burn spill residue on sand and soda ash absorbent in a furnace. /Anisidines/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for o-Anisidine (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Where exposure of ... body to solid or liquid anisidine or liquids containing anisidine may occur, facilities for quick drenching of the body should be provided within the immediate work area ... .

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... Clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for o-Anisidine (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store under refrigerated temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

Store only in original container. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Separated from strong oxidants, acids, chloroformates and food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area. Protect against sunlight and strong oxidizers. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only nonsparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored ... /Anisidines/

/Store/ separated from strong oxidants, acids, chloroformates and food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... experimenst need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Methemoglobin in blood = 1.5% of hemoglobin during or at end of shift. [ACGIH]

1.5 [mg/m3]

8.3 [mg/m3]

50 [mg/m3]

Ca TWA 0.5 mg/m3 [skin] See Appendix A

0.5 [mg/m3]

TWA 0.5 mg/m3 [skin]

50 mg/m3 ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

50.0 [mg/m3]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Other animal data: Mice have survived exposures to concentrations of 10 to 30 mg/m3 for 2 hours/day, 6 days/week for 1 month with only a decrease in the excitability of nerves noted [Zaeva and Fedorova 1962]. Human data: None relevant for use in determining the revised IDLH.

NIOSH considers o-anisidine to be a potential occupational carcinogen. [50 mg/cu m]

Ca [50 mg/m3]

See: 90040

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 mg/cu m. Skin.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: Methemoglobin in blood. Sampling Time: During or end of shift; BEI:1.5% of hemoglobin. The determinant may be present in biological specimens collected from subjects who have not been occupationally exposed, at a concentration which could affect interpretation of the result. Such background concentrations are incorporated in the BEI value. The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals. The biological determinant is an indicator of exposure to the chemical, but the quantitative interpretation of the measurement is ambiguous. These determinants should be used as a screening test if a quantitative test is not practical, or as a confirmatory test if the quantitative test is not specific and the origin of the determinant is in question. /Methemoglobin Inducers/

0.5 mg/m

skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 2

Permissible levels of ortho-anisidine in working environment have been established by regulation or recommended guidelines in at least 10 countries. These standards are ... Australia 1973 TWA 0.5 mg/cu m, guideline; Belgium 1974 TWA 0.5 mg/cu m, 0.1 ppm, guideline; Finland 1975 TWA 0.5 mg/cu m, regulation; Federal Republic of Germany 1979 TWA 0.5 mg/cu m, 0.1 ppm, guideline; Romania 1975 TWA 0.3 mg/cu m, regulation, Ceiling 0.5 mg/cu m, regulation; The Netherlands 1973 TWA 0.5 mg/cu m, 0.1 ppm, guideline; Switzerland 1976 TWA 0.5 mg/cu m, 0.1 ppm, regulation; Yugoslavia 1971 Ceiling 0.5 mg/cu m, regulation.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance may cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. Exposure could cause haemolysis. This may result in haemolytic anaemia. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

The substance may have effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin and anaemia. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for o-Anisidine:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Provide:

• EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

• QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

Wear butyl rubber gloves, plastic coveralls, and self-contained breathing apparatus.

Respirator selection: 2.5 mg/cu m or less: Any dust and mist respirator, except single use. 5 mg/cu m or less: Any dust and mist respirator, except single use or quarter mask respirator. Any supplied air respirator or any self contained breathing apparatus. 25 mg/cu m or less: Any high efficiency particulate filter respirator with full facepiece. Any supplied air respirator with a full facepiece, helmet, or hood or any self contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece. 50 mg/cu m or less: A powered air purifying respirator with high efficiency particulate filter or a Type C supplied air respirator operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure or continuous flow mode. Greater than 50 mg/cu m or entry and escape from unknown concentrations: Self contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode or a combination respirator which includes a Type C supplied air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure or continuous flow mode and an auxiliary self contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode.

Employees should be provided with and required to use dust- and splash-proof safety goggles where solid or liquid anisidine or liquids containing anisidine may contact the eyes.

If employee's clothing ... contaminated ... change /them/ ... . Clothing contaminated with anisidine should be placed into closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for removal of anisidine from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the anisidine, the person performing the operation should be informed of anisidine's hazardous properties.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for o-Anisidine (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration:

(APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode

(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus

O-anisidine appears as clear, yellowish to reddish or brown liquid with an amine (fishy) odor. (NTP, 1992)

Red or yellow, oily liquid with an amine-like odor; Note: A solid below 41 degrees F; [NIOSH]

RED-TO-YELLOW OILY LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR. TURNS BROWN ON EXPOSURE TO AIR.

Red or yellow, oily liquid with an amine-like odor. [Note: A solid below 41 °F.]

Yellowish liquid; becomes brownish on exposure to air

Reddish or yellowish colored oil

Colorless to pink liquid

Red to yellow, oily liquid [Note: A solid below 41 degrees F].

Amine-like odor

437 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

224-225 °C

224 °C @760 [mm Hg]

41 °F (NTP, 1992)

210 °F (NTP, 1992)

118 °C, 244 °F (open cup)

107 °C c.c.

(oc) 244 °F

less than 0.1 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with ethanol, benzene, diethyl ether and acetone

Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone, benzene

Soluble in dilute mineral acid, alcohol, and ether; insoluble in water

In water, 1.3X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 1.5 (moderate)

(77 °F): 1%

1.0923 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.0923 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Volatile with steam; density: 1.098 at 15 °C

Density (at 20 °C): 1.09 g/cm³

Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.0

1.092 @ 20°C

4.25 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

4.25 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.3

less than 0.1 mmHg at 68 °F ; 1 mmHg at 141.8 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.08 [mmHg]

VP: 1 mm Hg at 61.0 °C; 10 mm Hg at 101.7 °C; 40 mm Hg at 132.0 °C; 100 mm Hg at 155.2 °C; 400 mm Hg at 197.3 °C

8.0X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 5

<0.1 mmHg

log Kow = 1.18

This chemical darkens on exposure to air. Insoluble in water.

Amines, Aromatic

O-ANISIDINE is sensitive to heat. It is also sensitive to exposure to light. This chemical is incompatible with strong oxidizers. It is also incompatible with acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and chloroformates. It will attack some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings. (NTP, 1992).

Incompatible with strong oxidizers, with risk of fire or explosions. Attacks some coatings and some forms of plastic and rubber. /Anisidines/

Strong oxidizers

ortho-Anisidine

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of ortho-anisidine. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of ortho-anisidine. Overall evaluation: ortho-Anisidine is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

o-Anisidine hydrochloride: reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. /o-Anisidine hydrochloride/

Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Volume 73: (1999) Some Chemicals that Cause Tumours of the Kidney or Urinary Bladder in Rodents and Some Other Substances

Volume 127: (2021) Some Aromatic Amines and Related Compounds

2021 online

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Headache. Dizziness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Nausea. Further see Inhalation.

headache, dizziness; cyanosis; red blood cell Heinz bodies; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Blood, kidneys, liver, cardiovascular system, central nervous system

[in animals: tumors of the thyroid gland, bladder & kidneys]

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

IARC Carcinogen - Class 2: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as probable (2a), or possible (2b) human carcinogens.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.

LD50 Rat (Wistar) oral 1,890 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rat oral 2000 mg/kg

LD50 Rat dermal > 2,000 mg/kg bw

LD50 Mouse oral 1400 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for o-Anisidine (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aniline and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aniline and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aniline and related compounds/

1. Initial Medical Examination: A complete history and physical examination: The purpose is to detect pre-existing conditions that might place the ... employee at increased risk, and to establish a baseline for further health monitoring. Examination of blood, kidneys, liver, and cardiovascular system should be stressed. A complete blood count: ... A complete blood count should be performed including a red cell count, a white cell count, a differential count of a stained smear, as well as hemoglobin and hematocrit. 2. Periodic Medical Examination: The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Short term exposure: ... can be absorbed through the skin, eyes, or mucous membranes, thereby increasing exposure. Contact with anisidines can irritate the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, can cause a burning sensation and skin rash. Exposure can interfere with the blood's ability to carry hemoglobin (methemoglobinemia). This can cause headache, dizziness, cyanosis of the skin and lips. Higher levels can cause difficult breathing, collapse, and death. Long term exposure: o-Anisidine is a probably carcinogen in humans (IARC: Group 2B, limited human evidence). Related aromatic amines are carcinogens ... Repeated exposure to these isomers may cause anemia, skin allergy, lung irritation, and bronchitis; nerve and kidney damage. /Anisidines/

/SURVEILLANCE/ Workmen exposed to an air concentration of 0.4 ppm for 3.5 hr/day for 6 months developed no anemia or chronic poisoning. There were ... some complaints of headache and vertigo ... and increased sulfhemoglobin and methemoglobin and frequent occurrence of erythrocytic inclusion bodies (Heinz bodies). /Anisidine, o-, p-isomers/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ At the workplace methemoglobinemia caused by o-anisidine has not been observed so far.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ In the absence of data on humans, ortho-anisidine should be regarded, for practical purposes, as if it presented a carcinogenic risk to humans.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In an oral study according to OECD Guideline 401 (application of 1,250 - 1,600 - 1,800 - 2,000 - 2,500 - 3,150 or 4,000 mg/kg bw via gavage), the LD50 for Wistar rats was 1,890 mg/kg bw. Squatting, staggering gait, reduced spontaneous activity, dizziness and respiratory depression was noted in the lower dose-groups. In addition, in the higher dose-groups, abdominal position, negative righting reflex, orange urine, pale skin and at doses of more than 2,500 mg/kg bw, in some cases respiratory sounds were reported. Gross necropsy revealed congestion of blood vessels in the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, a yellow-red foamy liquid in the intestine, and hemorrhages in stomach, intestine, and urinary bladder. With the exception of one animal dosed with 1,800 mg/kg bw (recovery within 11 days), in all other surviving animals no signs of toxicity were seen 4 days after application. In other studies, which cannot be validated due to insufficient documentation, LD50 values of 2,020 mg/kg bw for rats and 1,410 mg/kg bw for mice and 870 mg/kg bw for rabbits have been reported. Some hematological changes, anemia and nephrotoxicity have been described.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Similar to other aromatic amines, o-anisidine induces methemoglobin formation. In male CBA mice or male Alpk:APfSD rats, the single oral application via gavage of 690 or 690 and 1,380 mg o-anisidine/kg bw respectively with a sampling time ranging from 3 to 48 hr resulted in significantly elevated methemoglobin levels (mice: up to 4.8% versus 0.66% in controls; rats: up to 15.4% versus 1.1% in controls). In cats, a single iv injection of 7.7 mg o-anisidine/kg bw with a sampling time ranging from 1 to 5 hr resulted in significantly elevated methemoglobin levels (up to 11.5% versus 1.1% in controls). The increased methemoglobin level is of importance regarding human health, as cats have a comparable methemoglobin forming capacity to humans.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In an acute inhalation study according to OECD Guideline 403, the 4 hr LC50 for Wistar rats exceeded 3.87 mg/L (o-anisidine applied as aerosol), which was the highest technically feasible exposure concentration. No mortality was observed. Apart from unspecific effects, impairment of movements, respiration, and reflexes was observed as well as bloody nasal discharge and cyanosis. No signs of toxicity were noted from day 8 after application. The body weight was slightly affected in only two of ten females. Gross necropsy did not indicate toxic effects.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ After dermal application according to OECD Guideline 402, the LD50 for Wistar rats was > 2,000 mg/kg bw, which was the only dose tested. No mortality was observed. Apart from unspecific effects, ataxia, lacrimation, eyelid constriction, and orange urine were reported. Two days after application no signs of toxicity were observed and the gross pathology showed no effects.

LC50; Species: Brachydanio rerio (zebrafish); Conditions: static; Concentration: >100 mg/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Leuciscus idus (Ide); Conditions: static; Concentration: 80 mg/L for 96 hr

LC50; Species: Poecilia reticulata (guppy); Conditions: static; Concentration: 165 mg/L for 14 days

LC50; Species: Oryzia latipes (medaka); Conditions: flow-through; Concentration: 100 mg/L for 14 days;

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for o-Anisidine (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

o-Anisidine's production and use as a chemical intermediate in the production of pigments, dyes, and pharmaceuticals may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 8.0X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates o-anisidine will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase o-anisidine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.1 hours. Aromatic amines such as aniline have weak absorption bands that extend beyond 290 nm; therefore, o-anisidine may be susceptible to direct photolysis, but the kinetics of this reaction are unknown. If released to soil, o-anisidine is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 46. The pKa of o-anisidine is 4.53, indicating that this compound will exist partially in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.3X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 40-69.1% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks, indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process, provided microorganisms are not killed by high concentrations of the compound. If released into water, o-anisidine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 44 and 320 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 2 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to o-anisidine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where o-anisidine is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to o-anisidine via inhalation of cigarette smoke. (SRC)

o-Anisidine is not known to occur as a natural product(1).

o-Anisidine's production and use as an intermediate in the manufacturing of pigments, dyes(1), and pharmaceuticals(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 46(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.18(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that o-anisidine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of o-anisidine is 4.53(4), indicating that this compound will exist partially in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of o-anisidine from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.3X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(6). o-Anisidine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 8.0X10-2 mm Hg(7). After 2 weeks, a 40-69.1% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(8) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC), provided microorganisms are not killed by high concentrations of the compound(9,10).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 46(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.18(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that o-anisidine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). o-Anisidine may react with either photochemically generated oxidants found in natural sunlit water or it may bond strongly with any humic materials found in suspended solids and sediments(4). The typical half-life for reaction of aromatic amines with photochemical generated hydroxyl radicals and alkylperoxy radicals is estimated to be on the order of 19-30 hours in natural sunlit water(5). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(6) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.3X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(7). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(6), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 44 days and 320 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(8), an estimated BCF of 2(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). After 2 weeks, a 40-69.1% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(9) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC), provided microorganisms are not killed by high concentrations of the compound(10,11).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), o-anisidine, which has a vapor pressure of 8.0X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase o-anisidine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.1 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.2X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Aromatic amines such as aniline have weak absorption bands that extend beyond 290 nm(4); therefore, o-anisidine may be susceptible to direct photolysis, but the kinetics of this reaction are unknown(SRC).

AEROBIC: o-Anisidine, present at 100 ppm, reached 81.7% theoretical BOD (NH3 end product) in two weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1); it reached 40 to 69.1% of its theoretical BOD (NO2 end product) in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L(1,2). At high concentrations, o-anisidine has been shown to be toxic to microorganisms and biodegrades at a much slower rate(3,4). 20 ug/L o-anisidine, inoculated with a mixed culture of soil microorganisms in an aqueous mineral salts medium, was found to persist >64 days as measured by UV absorbency(5). 2% of the theoretical BOD was achieved for o-anisidine at 20 ppm in sea water from Akashi Beach, Japan. These biodegradation data indicate that o-anisidine will biodegrade rapidly under aerobic conditions(SRC) except when microorganisms are killed by high concentrations of the compound(2,3).

PURE CULTURE: Pure cultures of the bacterium E. coli converted o-anisidine in the presence of nitrate to its corresponding (phenylazo)naphthol; color change occurred within 24 hours of incubation(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of o-anisidine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.2X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4.1 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). o-Anisidine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Aromatic amines such as aniline have weak absorption bands that extend beyond 290 nm(3); therefore, o-anisidine may be susceptible to direct photolysis, but the kinetics of this reaction are unknown(SRC). o-Anisidine may react with either photochemically generated oxidants found in natural sunlit water or it may bond strongly with any humic materials found in suspended solids and sediments(4). The typical half-life for reaction of aromatic amines with photochemical generated hydroxyl radicals and alkylperoxy radicals is estimated to be on the order of 19-30 hours in natural sunlit water(5). Therefore, it is expected that o-anisidine will also undergo indirect photolysis in natural water(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 2 was calculated in fish for o-anisidine(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.18(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of o-anisidine is estimated as 46(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.18(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that o-anisidine is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of o-anisidine is 4.53(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Anilines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(6,7).

The Henry's Law constant for the neutral species of o-anisidine is estimated as 9.3X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that o-anisidine is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 44 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 320 days(SRC). o-Anisidine's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur for the neutral species(SRC). o-Anisidine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 8.0X10-2 mm Hg(3).

o-Anisidine has been detected (0.023 ug/L) in the Rhine Delta near Werkendam, Netherlands which is downstream from industrial activity(1). o-Anisidine has been identified in the surface water of effluents from chemical plants and oil refineries in the US(2). Anisidine (isomer not specified) has been identified in the effluent from chemical industries located in Kingsport, TN (Sept 1974), Morristown, TN (Sept 1974) and on the Upper Catawba River, TN (Aug 1974)(3). o-Anisidine has been identified in the effluent from a chemical industry located on the Upper Catawba River, TN (Aug 1973)(3).

o-Anisidine has been identified in cigarette smoke(1).

Anisidine can affect the body if it is inhaled, comes in contact with the eyes or skin, or is swallowed. It may enter the body through the skin.

The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to anisidine may occur ...: use in manufacture of azo or triphenylmethane dyes and intermediates; use in preparation of organic compounds; in synthesis of guaicol; use in synthesis of hair dyes; as corrosion inhibitors for steel storage; as an antioxidant for some polymercaptan resins; and as dyeing assist.

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of people reasonably likely to be exposed in industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of o-anisidine is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 705 workers (none of these were female) were potentially exposed to o-anisidine in the US(1). Occupational exposure to o-anisidine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where o-anisidine is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to o-anisidine via inhalation of cigarette smoke(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Dissolve in combustible solvent (alcohols, benzene, etc.) and spray solution into furnace equipped with afterburner and scrubber or burn spill residue on sand and soda ash absorbent in a furnace. /Anisidines/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for o-Anisidine (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Anisidines; Anisidines, liquid; Anisidines, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Anisidines; Anisidines, liquid; Anisidines, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Anisidines; Anisidines, liquid; Anisidines, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Anisidines; Anisidines, liquid; Anisidines, solid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for o-Anisidine (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2431; Anisidines, liquid or solid

IMO 6.1; o-Anisidine; Anisidines, liquid or solid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T; R: 45-23/24/25-68; S: 53-45; Note: E

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III