1-methylnaphthalene

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 2.7% (50 of 1882) of reports.

H302 (96.3%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H304 (91.6%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H411 (14.1%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P264, P270, P273, P301+P316, P301+P317, P330, P331, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1882 reports by companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 50 of 1882 reports by companies.

There are 13 notifications provided by 1832 of 1882 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336 (100%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H373 (100%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P330, P337+P317, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P261, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P337+P317, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P210, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H334: May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled [Danger Sensitization, respiratory]

P210, P233, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P342+P316, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Rest. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Water spray, dry chemical, foam or carbon dioxide (USCG, 1999)

Use powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Methylnaphthalenes, liquid/

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Methylnaphthalenes, liquid/

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used.

To fight fire use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or mist, foam.

Suitable extinguishing media: For small (incipient) fires, use media such as "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. For large fires, apply water from as far as possible. Use very large quantities (flooding) of water applied as a mist or spray; solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Carbon oxides.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Methylnaphthalenes, liquid/

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Methylnaphthalenes, liquid/

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Methylnaphthalenes, liquid/

Accidental Release Measures. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Control of environmental exposure: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for naphthalene: Biological treatment. /Naphthalene/

Waste treatment methods. Product: This combustible material may be burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. ... /Methylnaphthalenes, liquid/

If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. /Methylnaphthalenes, liquid/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking.Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Appropriate engineering controls Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material under ambient temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

You should store this material under ambient temperatures.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

8.7 [mg/m3]

61 [mg/m3]

360 [mg/m3]

0.5 [ppm], TLV Surface Limit = 3 mg/100 cm2

0.05 [ppm], TLV Surface Limit = 3 mg/100 cm2

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 0.5 ppm, skin.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed three times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 min during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed five times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

0.5 ppm as TWA; (skin); A4 (not classifiable as a human carcinogen)

0.5 ppm [2006]

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes.

Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause effects on the lungs.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Rubber gloves, safety goggles, coveralls, rubber shoes or boots, and hydrocarbon vapor canister mask. (USCG, 1999)

... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles ... /Methylnaphthalenes, liquid/

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

NO open flames. Above 82 °C use a closed system and ventilation.

Use ventilation.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Methylnaphthalene appears as bluish-brown oil or a clear yellow liquid. Coal tar or mothball odor. (NTP, 1992)

1-methylnaphthalene is a colorless liquid. Freezing point -22 °C (7.6 °F). Boiling point 240-243 °C (464-469 °F). Flash point 82 °C (180 °F). Denser than water. Derived from coal tar and used in organic synthesis.

Colorless liquid (oil); [CHRIS]

Yellow or bluish-brown liquid; [CAMEO] Bluish-brown oil; [MSDSonline]

COLOURLESS LIQUID.

Colourless to slightly pale yellow liquid; Earthy, phenolic aroma

Colorless liquid.

Colorless liquid or oil

450 to 590 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

464 to 469 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

241.00 to 245.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

241-245 °C

464-469 °F

244.7 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-8 °F (NTP, 1992)

-30.43 °C

Melting point: -22 °C

greater than 200 °F (NTP, 1992)

180 °F (NTP, 1992)

This chemical has a flash point of >93 °C (>200 °F). It is probably combustible.

180 °F (82 °C) Closed cup

less than 1 mg/mL at 64 °F (NTP, 1992)

less than 1 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 25.0 mg/L at 25 °C

In water, 25.8 mg/L at 25 °C

Very soluble in ethanol and ether; soluble in benzene

0.0258 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 0.003

Insoluble in water; Soluble in oils

Soluble (in ethanol)

1.01 at 59.9 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.0202 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.0202 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.02

1.020-1.025

1.025 @ 20°C

4.91 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

4.91 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.9

23 mmHg at 77 °F ; 31 mmHg at 122 °F; 38 mmHg at 158 °F (NTP, 1992)

Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aromatic

METHYLNAPHTHALENE is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. It is also incompatible with peroxides and oxygen. (NTP, 1992)

1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE is sensitive to heat. Reacts with strong oxidizing agents. Incompatible with oxygen and peroxides (NTP, 1992).

This compound is incompatible with strong oxidizers.

It is combustible, reacts with strong oxidizing agents, and is sensitive to heat.

Combustible when exposed to ... oxidizers.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Methylnaphthalene is not registered for current pesticide use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. Methylnaphthalenes are used as chemical intermediates, general solvents and in vitamin K production. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Methylnaphthalene is presumably less toxic than naphthalene. The only untoward effects reported in man are skin irritation and skin photosensitization. Individuals with erythrocytic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency may be particularly susceptible to possible hemolytic effects. ANIMAL STUDIES: Induces the formation of cataracts and causes spleen and kidney damage. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis was induced in mice given twice weekly dermal applications on their backs of 119 mg/kg methylnaphthalene in acetone for 30 weeks. Control mice treated with acetone showed no signs of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. The test material was specified as a mixture of 1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene, but the relative proportions of the two isomers in the mixture were not reported. Gross examination of the lungs of exposed animals revealed multiple, grayish white soft spots or nodules sharply demarcated from the pinkish-white surrounding normal tissue, without specific localization; such gross lesions were not found in control lungs. Light microscopy showed the alveoli to be filled with amorphous eosinophilic material, many mononucleated cells with abundant foamy cytoplasm, and many clefts corresponding to cholesterol crystals separating the intra-alveolar materials and the lining cells. Alveolar walls were thickened without prominent fibrosis. Electron microscopy revealed that alveolar spaces contained extracellular membranous material (myelinoid structures) and mononucleated giant cells (balloon cells) containing myelinoid structures, lipid droplets, and amorphous crystals. Terminal bronchioles were not markedly affected. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Radiolabeled methylnaphthalene was taken up from food and water by the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. Of the radioactivity assimilated, more than 50% was in the hepatopancreas, suggesting the site of hydrocarbon metabolism. No evidence found of hydrocarbon storage by any tissues.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1-Methylnaphthale is a colorless liquid or oil. It is used in insecticide manufacturing; manufacture of phthalic anhydride; solvent in organic synthesis; asphalt and naptha constituent. It is also used as a test substance for the determination of the cetane number of diesel fuels. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: In contrast to naphthalene, the only reported effects of methylated naphthalene in man are skin irritation and skin photosensitization. Chromosome analyses were carried out in human lymphocytes treated in vitro with 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene in the presence and absence of the mammalian metabolic activation system. Without metabolic activation there was no indication of induction of any significant cytogenetic effect by either compound. With metabolic activation a weak clastogenic effect was apparent at 4 mM 2-methylnaphthalene only and sister chromatid exchange frequencies were significantly increased at each dose of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene, yet always less than twice the control level. The present observations do not indicate that 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene must be classified as potential genotoxic substances.ANIMAL STUDIES: Pure 1-methylnaphthalene increased the reticulocyte counts in the splenectomized dogs but not the intact dogs. Reticulocyte values remained elevated for 10 days after the fogging ceased. Practical grade 1-methylnaphthalene increased leukocyte counts in intact and splenectomized dogs and neutrophil counts in intact dogs, but pure 1-methylnaphthalene had no effect on these parameters. Methylated naphthalene derivatives resulted in concentration-dependent decrease in pain sensitivity in rats and depression of respiratory rate in mice. 1-Methylnaphthalene may be a weak lung carcinogen in male, but not female, mice. At a carcinogenic dose it dooes not induce overt toxicity for any organs and has no in vivo genotoxicity in the lungs. 1- and 2-Methylnaphthalene were tested quantitatively using S. thyphimurium TA98 and TA100 with and without metabolic activation; the concentration used were 3 umol/plate. 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene were not mutagenic. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: In toxicity study of petroleum oils on post-larvae of brown shrimp, grass shrimp, and sheepshead minnow, refined oils were more toxic than crude oils due to presence of naphthalene and alkylnaphthalene, including 1-methylnaphthalene. The different naphthalenes were toxic at levels between 0.08 and 5.1 ppm.

The ability of PAH's to bind to blood proteins such as albumin allows them to be transported throughout the body. Many PAH's induce the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor or glycine N-methyltransferase protein. These enzymes metabolize PAH's into their toxic intermediates. The reactive metabolites of PAHs (epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations) covalently bind to DNA and other cellular macromolecules, initiating mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. (L10, L23, A27, A32)

1-Methylnaphthalene

Semi-Volatile Organic Compound (SVOC) and(or) Waste-water effluent contaminant

Based on PPRTV

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)

PAHs are carcinogens and have been associated with the increased risk of skin, respiratory tract, bladder, stomach, and kidney cancers. They may also cause reproductive effects and depress the immune system. (L10)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol or vapour and by ingestion.

Oral (L10) ; inhalation (L10)

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Acute exposure to PAHs causes irritation and inflammation of the skin and lung tissue. (A10)

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

1 x 10^-2 mg/kg-day

2 x 10^-1 mg/kg-day

3 x 10^-6 mg/m^3

3 x 10^-5 mg/m^3

PDF Document

PPRTV Current

ATSDR Final

SCREEN Current

LC50 (rat) > 100 ppm/8h

LD50: 1840 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14)

LD50 Rat oral 1840 mg/kg

There is no know antidote for PAHs. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (L10)

Emergency and supportive measures: 1. Maintain an open air way and assist ventilation if necessary. 2. Treat coma and seizures if they occur. 3. Treat hemolysis and resulting hemoglobinuria if they occur by intravenous hydration and urinary alkalinization. /Naphthalene/

Specific drugs and antidote: There is no specific antidote. /Naphthalene/

Decontamination: Administer activated charcoal orally if conditions are appropriate. Gastric lavage is not necessary after small ot moderate ingestions if activated charcoal can be given. Do not induce vomiting, because of the risk of lethargy and seizures. Do not administer milk, fats or oils, which may enhance absorption. /Naphthalene/

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Naphthalene and Related Compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for METHYLNAPHTHALENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for 1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Presumably less toxic than naphthalene. The only untowarded effects reported in man are skin irritation and skin photosensitization.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: A. Surface contact: 1. Naphthalene cataracts and ocular irritation. ... 2. Skin irritation and, in the case of a sensitized person, severe dermatitis. Lesions clear spontaneously, as soon as the exposure is terminated. 3. Percutaneous absorption is ... inadequate to produce acute systemic reactions except in newborns. B. Inhalation of vapor: 1. Headache, confusion, and excitement. 2. Nausea and sometimes vomiting, and extensive sweating. 3. Dysuria, hematuria, & the acute hemolytic reaction described below. 4. Rarely optic neuritis is encountered. C. Ingestion: 1. Abdominal cramps with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. 2. Headache, profuse perspiration, listlessness, confusion. 3. In severe poisoning, coma with or without convulsions. 4. Irritation of the urinary bladder ... Signs & symptoms: urgency, dysuria, & the passage of a brown or black urine with or without albumin & casts ... 5. Acute intravascular hemolysis is the most characteristic sign ... It begins on the 3rd day & is accompanied by anemia, leukocytosis, fever, hemoglobinuria, jaundice, renal insufficiency, and sometimes, disturbances in liver function. 6. In the absence of adequate supportive treatment, death may result from acute renal failure in adults or kernicterus in young infants. /Naphthalene/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Naphthalene and close structural analogues have been shown to cause necrosis of bronchiolar epithelial cells in mice by both inhalation exposure and by systemic administration. Cancer bioassays of naphthalene in mice have demonstrated a slight increase in bronchiolar/alveolar adenomas in female mice, and in inflammation and metaplasia of the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity. Similar work in rats demonstrated a significant, and concentration-dependent increase in the incidence of respiratory epithelial adenomas and neuroblastomas in the nasal epithelium of both male and female rats. Although the studies on the acute toxicity of the methylnaphthalene derivatives are more limited, it appears that the species selective toxicity associated with naphthalene administration also is observed with methylnaphthalenes. Chronic administration of the methylnaphthalenes, however, failed to demonstrate the same oncogenic potential as that observed with naphthalene. The information available on the isopropylnaphthalene derivatives suggests that they are not cytotoxic. Like the methylnaphthalenes, 1-nitronaphthalene causes lesions in both Clara and ciliated cells. However, the species selective lung toxicity observed in the mouse with both naphthalene and the methylnaphthalenes is not seen with 1-nitronaphthalene. With 1-nitronaphthalene, the rat is far more susceptible to parenteral administration of the compound than mice. The wide-spread distribution of these compounds in the environment and the high potential for low level exposure to humans supports a need for further work on the mechanisms of toxicity in animal models with attention to whether these processes are applicable to humans. Although it is tempting to suppose that the toxicity and mechanisms of toxicity of the alkylnaphthalenes and nitronaphthalenes are similar to naphthalene, there is sufficient published literature to suggest that this may not be the case. Certainly the enzymes involved in the metabolic activation of each of these substrates are likely to differ. The available data showing extensive oxidation of the aromatic nucleus of naphthalene, nitronaphthalene and the methylnaphthalenes (with some oxidation of the methyl group) contrast with the isopropylnaphthalene derivatives, where the major metabolites involve side chain oxidation. Overall, these data support the view that ring epoxidation is a key step in the process involved in cytotoxicity. Whether the epoxide itself or a downstream metabolite mediates the toxic effects is still not clear even with naphthalene, the best studied of this group of compounds. Additional work is needed in several areas to further assess the potential human health consequences of exposure to these agents. These studies should involve the definition of the extent and severity of methylnaphthalene toxicity after single dose exposures with attention to both the nasal and respiratory epithelia. The cytochromes P450 responsible for the initial activation of these agents in rodents with subsequent complimentary studies in primate models should help determine whether key metabolic processes responsible for toxicity occur also in primates. Finally, the precise involvement of reactive metabolite formation and adduction of cellular proteins in toxicity will be important in not only assessing the potential for human toxicity, but also in developing an understanding of the genetic and environmental factors which could alter the toxicity of these agents.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In contrast to naphthalene, the only reported effects of methylated naphthalene in man are skin irritation and skin photosensitization. /Methylated naphthalene/

/GENOTOXICITY/ Chromosome analyses were carried out in human lymphocytes treated in vitro with 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene in the presence and absence of the mammalian metabolic activation system, S9 mix. Without S9 mix there was no indication of induction of any significant cytogenetic effect by either compound. With S9 mix a weak clastogenic effect was apparent at 4 mM 2-methylnaphthalene only and sister chromatid exchange frequencies were significantly increased at each dose of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene, yet always less than twice the control level. The present observations do not indicate that 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene must be classified as potential genotoxic substances.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Induces the formation of cataracts and causes spleen and kidney damage.

LC50; Species: Salmo trutta (Brown Trout) yearling; Conditions: freshwater, static, 10 °C, pH 7.6-8.0, hardness 210-290 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 165-200 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen >50%; Concentration: 8400 ug/L for 48 hr /formulation/

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow); Conditions: static; Concentration: 39 mg/L for 1 hr; 9 mg/L for 24, 48, 72, 96 hr

LC50; Species: Salmo trutta (Brown trout) yearlings; Conditions: static; Concentration: 8.4 mg/L for 48 hr

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green Algae); Conditions: static; Concentration: 12000 ug/L for 14 days; Effect: growth, general /formulation/

LC50; Species: Artemia salina (Brine Shrimp) nauplii; Conditions: saltwater, static, 20 °C; Concentration: 18 mmol/cu m for 24 hr /> or =97% purity/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 1-METHYLNAPHTHALENE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Methylnaphthalene accumulates in marine species... .

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Radiolabeled methylnaphthalene was taken up from food and water by the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. Of the radioactivity assimilated, more than 50% was in the hepatopancreas, suggesting the site of hydrocarbon metabolism. No evidence found of hydrocarbon storage by any tissues.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In toxicity study of petroleum oils on post-larvae of brown shrimp, grass shrimp, and sheepshead minnow, refined oils were more toxic than crude oils due to presence of naphthalene and alkylnaphthalene, including 1-methylnaphthalene. The different naphthalenes were toxic at levels between 0.08 and 5.1 ppm.

1.80e-01

7.70e-01

3.10e-03

1.30e-02

6.30e-03

2.00e-01

5.10e-02

7.00e-02

Volatile

3.94e+02

5.50e-01

2.30e+00

9.40e-03

3.90e-02

1.90e-02

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment.

Methylnaphalenes' production and use as solvents and synthetic starting materials may result in their release to the environment through various waste streams. Methylnaphthalenes are released upon combustion of gasoline and diesel fuels. Methylnaphthalenes are a component of crude oil. If released to air, vapor pressures of 0.067 and 0.055 mm Hg at 25 °C for 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene, respectively, indicate that they will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase methylnaphthalenes will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals, ozone and nitrogen pentoxide; the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 7.3-7.4 hours, 29-88 days and 9.6-12 days, respectively. Methylnaphthalenes contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, methylnaphthalenes are expected to have slight to no mobility based upon Koc values of 2290-8500. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected based upon Henry's Law constants of 5.14X10-4 and 5.18X10-4 atm-cu m/mole for 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene, respectively. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. Methylnaphthalenes are not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon the vapor pressures. Methylnaphthalenes should biodegrade rapidly in the environment where micro-organisms have acclimated to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and at a moderate rate in unacclimated soils and aquatic systems. If released into water, methylnaphthalenes are expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc values. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected based upon these compound's Henry's Law constants. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5.5 hours and 5.3 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. Direct photolysis of methylnaphthalenes in water had predicted half-lives of 22 and 54 hours. BCF values of 30-1800 suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to very high, the compound may be metabolized by the organism, decreasing the BCF. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to methylnaphthalenes may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where methylnaphthalenes are produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to methylnaphthalenes via inhalation of ambient air and cigarette smoke, ingestion of food and drinking water, and use of smokeless tobacco products. (SRC)

1-Methylnaphthalene's production and use as a solvent and synthetic intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. 1-Methylnaphthalene is a natural component of crude oil and can also be produced by combustion in fires. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.067 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1-methylnaphthalene will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-methylnaphthalene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals, ozone and nitrogen pentoxide; the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 7.3 hours, 88 days and 12 days, respectively. 1-Methylnaphthalene contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 1-methylnaphthalene is expected to have slight to no mobility based upon log Koc values of 2.76-5.78. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected based upon a Henry's Law constant of 5.14X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. 1-Methylnaphthalene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, <5% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil. However, 1-methylnaphthalene is expected to biodegrade rapidly in soil and water acclimated to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and at a slower rate in unacclimated environments. If released into water, 1-methylnaphthalene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc values. 1-Methylnaphthalene was completely removed within <7-14 days from acclimated groundwater aquifer grab samples. Unacclimated material from the aquifer degraded 1-methylnaphthalene at an average rate of 3.6% per week. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5.5 hours and 5.3 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 23-41 days if adsorption is considered. BCF values of 30-810 suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to high. However, the compound may be metabolized by the organism decreasing the BCF. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to 1-methylnaphthalene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-methylnaphthalene is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1-methylnaphthalene via inhalation of ambient air and cigarette smoke, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with products containing 1-methylnaphthalene. (SRC)

1-Methylnaphthalene is a natural component of crude oil(1).

1-Methylnaphthalene is a component of crude oil(1). 1-Methylnaphthalene is also a product of combustion of wood(2) and can be released to the environment via natural fires associated with lightening, volcanic activity, and spontaneous combustion(SRC).

Methylnaphthalenes' production and use as solvents and synthetic starting materials(1) may result in their release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Methylnaphthalenes are released upon combustion of gasoline and diesel fuels, are found in tobacco smoke and smokeless tobacco products, and are released from landfills, waste treatment plants and other contaminated environments(SRC).

... IN STEAM EMISSIONS FROM QUENCHING OF COKE.

THE EMISSIONS FROM RESIDENTAL COAL-FIRED HEATING EQUIPMENT WERE INVESTIGATED. THE FUELS WERE 3 WESTERN COALS. THE EMISSIONS DEPENDED ON THE TYPE OF EQUIPMENT USED, STOKER MAKE, & COAL COMPOUND.

1-Methylnaphthalene's production and use as a solvent and synthetic intermediate(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). The combustion of gasoline and diesel fuels releases 1-methylnaphthalene to the atmosphere(2). 1-Methylnaphthalene is released to the environment via manufacturing effluents and the disposal of waste byproducts(3-7). Because of the use of 1-methylnapthalene in a variety products, 1-methylnapthalene is also released to the environment through landfills(8,9), municipal waste water treatment facilites(10-12) and waste incinerators(13,14).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 2290(2) and 4400(3) for 1-methylnaphthalene and 4350(2) and 8500(3) for 2-methylnaphthalene, indicate that methylnaphthalenes are expected to have slight to no mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of methylnaphthalenes from moist soil surfaces is expected(SRC) given Henry's Law constants of 5.14X10-4 and 5.18X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4) for 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene, respectively. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Methylnaphthalenes are not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon vapor pressures of 0.067 mm Hg(5) and 0.055 mm Hg(6) for 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene, respectively. Grab samples of groundwater aquifer soil that had acclimated to creosote wastes containing methylnaphthalene were able to degrade methylnaphthalenes, present at 0.02 to 0.12 ppm, under aerobic conditions at 25 °C in less than a week(7). Unacclimated material from the same aquifer degraded methylnaphthalenes at an average rate of 3.5% per week(7); these studies show that methylnaphthalenes will biodegrade, but is more likely after acclimation(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 2290(2) and 4400(3) for 1-methylnaphthalene and 4350(2) and 8500(3) for 2-methylnaphthalene, indicate that methylnaphthalenes are expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon Henry's Law constants of 5.14X10-4 and 5.18X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(5) for 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene, respectively. Using these Henry's Law constants and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5.5 hours and 5.3 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 23 to 78 days if adsorption is considered(6). Methylnaphthalenes are not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). According to a classification scheme(7), BCF values of 30-1800 in Coho salmon(8), Starry flounder(8) and carp(9), suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to very high(SRC), the compound may be metabolized by the organism decreasing the BCF(SRC). The direct photolysis half-life for midday, midsummer sunlight at 40 deg N latitude was predicted to be 22 and 54 h for 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene in water solution, respectively(10). A marine water die-away study with sediment inoculum from Dunstaffnage Bay, Oban, Scotland showed a 92 and 88.5% loss of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene, respectively, contained in crude oil after 7 days at 20 °C(11).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1- and 2-methylnaphthalenes, which have respective vapor pressures of 0.067(2) and 0.055(3) mm Hg at 25 °C, are expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase methylnaphthalenes are degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 7 hours(SRC), calculated from rate constants of 5.3X10-11 and 5.23X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(4). The respective rate constants for the vapor-phase reaction of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene with ozone have been measured to be <1.3X10-19 and <4X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(5), which corresponds to atmospheric half-lives of about 88 and 29 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 molecules per cu cm(SRC). The rate constants for the vapor-phase reaction of methylnaphthalenes with nitrogen pentoxide have been measured to be 4.2X10-17 and 3.3X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to atmospheric half-lives of about 9.6 and 12 days, respectively, at an atmospheric concentration of 2X10+10 nitrogen pentoxide molecules per cu cm(5). Methylnaphthalenes contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(6) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), log Koc values of 2.76-5.78 reported in soil and sediment(2-3) indicate that 1-methylnaphthalene is expected to have slight to no mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-methylnaphthalene from moist soil surfaces is expected(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 5.14X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). 1-Methylnaphthalene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.067 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, <5% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). 1-Methylnaphthalene should biodegrade rapidly in soils acclimated to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and at a slower rate in unacclimated soils(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), log Koc values of 2.76-5.78 reported in soil and sediment(2-3) indicate that 1-methylnaphthalene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 5.14X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5.5 hours and 5.3 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 23-41 days if adsorption is considered(6). 1-Methylnaphthalene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). According to a classification scheme(7), BCF values of 30-810 in Coho salmon(8), Starry flounder(8) and carp(9), suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to high, the compound may be metabolized by the organism decreasing the BCF(SRC). The direct photolysis half-life for 1-methylnaphthalene in sunlit waters at midday, midsummer and 40 deg N latitude was predicted to be 22 hr(10). 1-Methylnaphthalene was completely removed within <7-14 days from acclimated groundwater aquifer grab samples(11-12). Unacclimated material from the aquifer degraded 1-methylnaphthalene at an average rate of 3.6% per week(12).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-methylnaphthalene, which has a vapor pressure of 0.067 mm Hg a 25 °C(2) is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-methylnaphthalene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.3 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-methylnaphthalene with ozone has been reported as <1.3X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of >88 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(4). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-methylnaphthalene with nitrogen pentoxide has been measured to be 3.3X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 12 days at an atmospheric concentration of 2X10+10 nitrogen pentoxide molecules per cu cm(3). 1-Methylnaphthalene contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Aerobic aqueous screening test data showed a 84 and 95% loss of 0.1 ppm methylnaphthalenes in 1 and 5.6 days, respectively, for acclimated sewage inoculum; methylnaphthalenes did not degrade with unacclimated sewage(1). No loss of 1-methylnaphthalene was observed for a 5 day BOD test with sewage seed at 20 °C(2). When marine water was used as an inoculate, 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene at respective concentrations of 0.045 and 0.067 ppm disappeared within 10 days under aerobic conditions at 25 °C(3). Using the Japanese MITI I procedure, <5% degradation of methylnaphthalene occurred in 28 days; for the MITI II test with a freshwater inoculum, 49 and 72% of the 1- and 2-isomers were lost in 28 days under aerobic conditions at 25 °C(4). A marine water die-away study with sediment inoculum from Dunstaffnage Bay, Oban, Scotland showed a 92 and 88.5% loss of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene, respectively, contained in crude oil after 7 days at 20 °C(5). Methylnaphthalenes, present at 0.5 ppm carbon, was completely removed within 14 days from acclimated fresh-well water grab samples from Tuffenwies and Zurich, Switzerland, with a pH of 8.0, at 10 and 25 °C and microbial populations of 300-400 cells/mL(6). Grab samples of groundwater aquifer soil that had acclimated to creosote wastes containing methylnaphthalene were able to degrade methylnaphthalenes, present at 0.02 to 0.12 ppm, under aerobic conditions at 25 °C in less than a week(7). An average loss of 5.6 and 6.5% per week was observed for autoclaved controls(7). Unacclimated material from the same aquifer degraded methylnaphthalenes at an average rate of 3.5% per week; however autoclaved controls lost methylnaphthalenes at an overall rate of about 11% per week(7). Methylnaphthalene, present in light Arabian crude oil, showed little biodegradation in sea water, but when nutrients were added biodegradation increased; with sea water, sediment and nutrients, 100% biodegradation was seen in <10 days(8).

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for naphthalene: Biological treatment. /Naphthalene/

Waste treatment methods. Product: This combustible material may be burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Marine pollutant.