Decalin

H226 (87.3%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H304 (78.4%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H314 (98.4%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (41%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (87.3%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H332 (12.7%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H400 (57.8%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (57.8%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

H411 (35.2%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P331, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 315 reports by companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H226 (97.7%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H314 (13.6%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H315 (86.4%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (86.4%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (95.5%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (86.4%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 44 reports by companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H332 (100%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P273, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P319, P320, P321, P331, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

INHALATION: remove to fresh air.

EYES: flush with water for at least 15 min.

SKIN: wash with water and mild soap.

INGESTION: give emetic such as warm salt water, followed by a mild cathartic; direct physician to conserve liver and kidney function. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use powder, carbon dioxide, foam. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

TO FIGHT FIRE USE FOAM, CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEMICAL.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock down vapors.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from oxidants. Cool. Keep in the dark. Well closed.

Handle and store under Nitrogen. ...Potentially explosive peroxides can form on long time storage in contact with air. Light and heat accelerate peroxide /formation/.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

5.0 [ppm]

0.47 [ppm]

5.2 [ppm]

31 [ppm]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the skin and eyes. The vapour is irritating to the respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. If this liquid is swallowed, aspiration into the lungs may result in chemical pneumonitis.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.

Air mask or self-contained breathing apparatus if in enclosed tank; rubber gloves or protective cream; goggles or face shield. (USCG, 1999)

Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles.

/NIOSH approved respirators/ ... or self contained breathing apparatus if in enclosed tank; ... protective cream ... face shield.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 57 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding).

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Decahydronaphthalene appears as a clear colorless liquid with an aromatic odor. Flash point 134 °F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.

Clear liquid with an aromatic odor; [CAMEO]

Colorless liquid; [Sigma-Aldrich MSDS]

Liquid; [Merck Index] Clear colorless liquid; [Sigma-Aldrich MSDS]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Clear colorless liquid

Water-white liquid

Slight odor resembling menthol; pure decalin does not smell of naphthalene

383 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

155.5 °C

185-195 °C

155.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-44 °F (USCG, 1999)

134 °F (USCG, 1999)

134 deg. F

129 °F; 54 °C (Closed cup) /Trans-isomer/

136 °F; 58 °C (CLOSED CUP)

57 °C c.c.

Very sol in alcohol, methanol, ether, chloroform. Miscible with propyl and isopropyl alcohol; miscible with most ketones and esters.

In water, 0.889 mg/l @ 25 °C

Solubility in water at 25 °C: very poor

0.89 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8965 @ 22 °C

Vapor density: 4.77 (air= 1) /Trans-isomer/

Liquid water interfacial tension: 51.5 dynes/cm= 0.0515 N/m at 20 °C; liquid heat capacity= 0.391 BTU/lb-deg F @ 70 °F; liquid thermal conductivity= 0.735 BTU-in/hr-sq ft-deg F at 135 °C; saturated vapor density= 0.00269 lb/cu ft @ 130 °F

Relative density (water = 1): 0.87-0.90

0.8965 @ 22°C

4.76 (Air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.8

2.3 [mmHg]

1.22 [mmHg]

0.78 [mmHg]

VP: 1 mm Hg @ 22.5 °C /cis-Form/

VP: 10 mm Hg @ 47.2 °C /trans-Form/

2.3 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 127

2.3 [mm Hg] @25 °C

On long exposure to air forms dangerous concentration of peroxide.

482 °F (USCG, 1999)

482 °F; 250 °C (491 °F; 255 °C /Trans-isomer/)

Flammable. Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Saturated

Highly Flammable

Peroxidizable Compound

Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as DECAHYDRONAPHTHALENE, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously [Bretherick, 1979 p.151-154].

... Can react with oxidizing materials.

Decahydronaphthalene (decalin)

B: Compounds that form peroxides on concentration (distillation/evaporation)

Decalin (decahydronaphthalene) is known to cause male rat-specific alpha2u-globulin nephropathy. This publication provides details about 13-week and two-year inhalation rat studies of decalin. The conlcusion is that the carcinogenic effect on the renal cortical epithelium of male rats was related to increased turnover of this epithelium, resulting from the cytotoxic effects of alpha2u-globulin accumulation in the renal cortical tubular cell cytoplasm.

Male rat-specific kidney tumors can occur after exposures to a structurally diverse group of substances or their metabolites. This arises from binding to α2u, a low-molecular-weight protein. Examples of these substances include 1,4-dichlorobenzene (and -2,5-dichlorophenol, its metabolite), d-limonene (and d-limonene 2-5-oxide, its metabolite), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, (and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentanol, its metabolite), tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA), ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) (and TBA, its metabolite), and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) (and TBA, its metabolite). They induce α2u-globulin nephropathy, a mode of action (MoA) noted in a series of studies and publications over recent decades as not being relevant in humans. The nephropathy can lead to kidney tumor formation in male rats.

TR-513: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Decalin (CASRN 91-17-8) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice and a Toxicology Study of Decalin in Male NBR Rats (Inhalation Studies) (2005 )

09/05/02

Clear Evidence

No Evidence

Equivocal Evidence

Under the conditions of these studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of decalin in male F344/N rats based on increased incidences of renal tubule neoplasms. The increased incidences of benign or malignant pheochromocytoma (combined) of the adrenal medulla in male rats were also considered to be exposure related. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of decalin in female F344/N rats exposed to 25, 100, or 400 ppm. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of decalin in male B6C3F1 mice exposed to 25, 100, or 400 ppm. There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of decalin in female B6C3F1 mice based on marginally increased incidences of hepatocellular and uterine neoplasms.

Exposure of male rats to decalin resulted in nonneoplastic lesions of the kidney characteristic of α2u-globulin accumulation. Nonneoplastic lesions of the liver were observed in male mice exposed to decalin.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

Cough. Sore throat. Headache. Dizziness. Nausea. Vomiting.

Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Nausea. Vomiting. Abdominal pain. Further see Inhalation.

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

LC50 (rat) = 710ppm/4H

LD50 Rabbit dermal 5900 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 4.2 g/kg

LC50 Rat inhalation 710 ppm/4 hr

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Naphthalene and Related Compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Start an IV with lactated Ringer's. Adequate hydration must be maintained to prevent renal failure secondary to myoglobinuria unless signs of cerebral or pulmonary edema are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Naphthalene and related compounds/

Maintain an open air way and assist ventilation if necessary. Treat coma and seizures if they occur. Treat hemolysis and resulting hemoglobinuria if they occur by intravenous hydration and urinary alkalinization. There is no specific antidote. Administer activated charcoal if available. Do not induce vomiting, because of the risk of lethargy and seizures. Do not administer milk, fats or oils, which may enhance absorption

NAPHTHALENE toxicosis caused by vapor inhalation can usually be managed simply by removing the individual to fresh air. Skin contamination should be removed promptly by washing with soap and water. Eye contamination should be removed by flushing with copious amounts of clear water. Irritation may be severe, and if it persists, should receive medical attention. SRP: /It may be helpful to empty stomach and administer dose of activated charcoal/ Examine the plasma for evidence of hemolysis: a reddish-brown tinge. Examine the blood smear for "ghosts" and Heinz bodies. If /hemolysis is/ present, monitor red blood cell count and hematocrit for anemia, urine for protein, and cells. Measure direct- and indirect-reacting bilirubin in the plasma. Monitor fluid balance and blood electrolytes. If possible, monitor urinary excretion of naphthol to assess severity of poisoning and clinical progress. If hemolysis is clinically significnt, administer intravenous fluids to accelerate urinary excretion of the naphthol metabolite and protect the kidney from products of hemolysis. Use Ringer's-lactate or sodium bicarbonate to keep urine pH above 7.5. Consider use of mannitol, or furosemide, to promote diuresis. If urine flow declines, intravenous infusions must be carefully monitored to avoid fluid overload. Institute hemodialysis. Consider charcoal hemoperfusion in tandem to extract naphthalene and end-products. If anemia is severe, blood transfusions may be needed. Hydrocortisone may be of some benefit if significant hemolysis is present. /Fumigant poisoning/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Dermatitis and conjunctival irritation. systemic toxicity is not well defined but no serious industrial poisonings are known.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Liq alicyclic hydrocarbons will dehydrate & delipidize the skin on ... contact & cause dermatitis. Direct contact ... with lung tissue (aspiration) will cause pulmonary edema, pneumonitis, & hemorrhage. The vapors in sufficient concn will cause irritation of mucous membranes. /alicyclic hydrocarbons/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A brownish green urine was reported in workers exposed to a mixture of decalin and tetralin.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Excessive exposure to high concn causes numbness, nausea, headache, and vomiting.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DECAHYDRONAPHTHALENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Vapor exposures in guinea pigs cause cataracts... .

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In ... experiments with guinea pigs, by oral admin, cutaneous application and inhalation, effects of decalin were fundamentally the same as those of tetralin, especially with regard to liver (atrophy) and kidneys (nephrosis); in one animal there was unexplainable calcification of kidney.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Application to the skin of guinea pigs on 2 successive days resulted in death within 10 days of exposure. The systemic tissue injury was identical to injury form inhaled decalin.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Decahydronaphthalene ... tested by dropping on rabbit eyes, caused no injury. Administered systematically to rabbits ... it caused cataracts even more readily than naphthalene.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DECAHYDRONAPHTHALENE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=91-17-8]

LC50 Leuciscus idus melanotus 4.3 mg/L/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Oryzias latipes 1.84 mg/L/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Mussel larvae (Mytilus edulis) /showed a/ 20% reduction of growth rate at 10 ppm and 50 ppm; /also a/ 5% reduction of growth rate at 100 ppm.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ...The growth rate of the fungus Cladosporium resinae, which was cultured on a 10 mmolar solution of dodecane, was inhibited by about 60% in the presence of 138 mg decahydronaphthalene; and effect on the biomass yield per gram dodecane was not observed. ...

LC50 Leuciscus idus melanotus 4.3 mg/L/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Oryzias latipes 1.84 mg/L/48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Mussel larvae (Mytilus edulis) /showed a/ 20% reduction of growth rate at 10 ppm and 50 ppm; /also a/ 5% reduction of growth rate at 100 ppm.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ...The growth rate of the fungus Cladosporium resinae, which was cultured on a 10 mmolar solution of dodecane, was inhibited by about 60% in the presence of 138 mg decahydronaphthalene; and effect on the biomass yield per gram dodecane was not observed. ...

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur in fish.

Decahydronaphthalene's production and use as solvent, in motor fuels and lubricants, and as a substitute for turpentine in various consumer products may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Decahydronaphthalene is a natural component of petroleum naphtha. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 2.30 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates decahydronaphthalene will exist primarily as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase decahydronaphthalene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 19 hrs. Decahydronaphthalene is not expected to undergo direct photolysis in the environment due to the lack of absorption of UV light above 290 nm. If released to soil, decahydronaphthalene is expected to have slight to no mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 4,600. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.47 atm-cu m/mole. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. Decahydronaphthalene was not degraded using sediment grab samples from an oiled and pristine beach areas and mud from an intertidal zone, indicating that biodegradation may not be an important fate process in soil. If released into water, decahydronaphthalene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.5 hrs and 5 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 28 days if adsorption is considered. Decahydronaphthalene was not degraded using marine water but was degraded in water from a stagnant pond that had been acclimated to oil indicating that biodegradation may be an important fate process in acclimated aquatic environments. BCF's of 839-2,380 for the cis-isomer and 1,170-3,050 for the trans-isomer suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to decahydronaphthalene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where decahydronaphthalene is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to decahydronaphthalene via inhalation of ambient air and air in the vicinity of kerosene space heaters, ingestion of contaminated drinking water, and thru use of consumer products containing this compound. (SRC)

Decahydronaphthalene is a natural component of petroleum naphtha(1).

Decahydronaphthalene's production and use as a solvent, in motor fuels and lubricants, and as a substitute for turpentine in various consumer products(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Decahydronaphthalene is emitted to the environment by effluents from petroleum refining and coal tar distillation(1). The combustion of gasoline and diesel fuels releases decahydronaphthalene to the atmosphere(2). The compound has been detected in emissions from unvented kerosene space heaters at rates of 43, 150, and 3 ng/kJ from two radiant and one maltuned convective space heaters, respectively(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4,600(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 0.889 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that decahydronaphthalene is expected to have slight to no mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of decahydronaphthalene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant estimated as 0.47 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2.3 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.889 mg/l(2). The potential for volatilization of decahydronaphthalene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2.3 mm Hg(4). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Decahydronaphthalene was not degraded using sediment grab samples from an oiled and pristine beach areas and mud from an intertidal zone(5), indicating that biodegradation may not be an important fate process in soil.

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4,600(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 0.889(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that decahydronaphthalene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant estimated as 0.470 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.3 mm Hg(4), and water solubility(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.5 hrs and 5 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 28 days if adsorption is considered(5). According to a classification scheme(6), BCF's of 839-2,380 for the cis-isomer and 1,170-3,050 for the trans-isomer(7), suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). That decahydronaphthalene was not degraded using marine water but was degraded in water from a stagnant pond that had been acclimated to oil(8) indicates that biodegradation may be an important fate process in acclimated aquatic environments.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), decahydronaphthalene, which has a vapor pressure of 2.3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist primarily as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase decahydronaphthalene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 19 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.02X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

... Degradation in seawater by oil oxidizing micro-organisms: 13.6% breakdown after 21 days at 22 °C in stoppered bottles containing a 1000 ppm mixture of alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics

AEROBIC: Both marine water and sediment grab samples from an oiled and pristine beach areas and mud from an intertidal zone were unable to degrade decahydronaphthalene(1). However, decahydronaphthalene was degraded in water from a stagnant pond that had been acclimated to oil(1). Acclimated mixed cultures in mineral salt media were able to degrade 50% of a crude oil containing decahydronaphthalene within 48 hr(2). Decahydronaphthalene, present at 100 mg/l, reached 1-3% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/l and the Japanese MITI test(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of decahydronaphthalene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 2.02X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 19 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Decahydronaphthalene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2) nor to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption by cyclic alkanes in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm)(3).

An estimated BCF of 660 was calculated for decahydronaphthalene(SRC), using a water solubility of 0.889 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). Over a test period of 8 weeks and using orange-red killifish (Oryzias latipes), BCF's of 839-2,380 at a test concn of 2.1 mg/l and 1,290-2,400 at a test concn of 0.21 mg/l were measured for the cis-isomer; BCF's of 1,170-3,050 at a test concn of 2.8 mg/l and 1,300-2,510 at a test concn of 0.28 mg/l were measured for the trans-isomer(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these BCF values suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC).

The Koc of decahydronaphthalene is estimated as 4,600(SRC), using a water solubility of 0.889 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that decahydronaphthalene is expected to have slight mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for decahydronaphthalene is estimated as 0.47 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2.3 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 0.889 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that decahydronaphthalene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3.5 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 28 days if adsorption is considered(4). Decahydronaphthalene's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of decahydronaphthalene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2.3 mm Hg(1).

GROUND WATER: Decahydronaphthalene was identified in ground water contaminated by a sewage treatment facility at Falmouth, MA(1).

DRINKING WATER: Decahydronaphthalene was listed as a contaminant found in drinking water in Tuscaloosa, AL(1).

SURFACE WATER: Decahydronaphthalene is listed as a contaminant of coastal waters off Narragansett Bay, RI(1) and Los Angeles River storm waters(2).

Data from September 2, 1979 identified decahydronaphthalene as a gaseous emission of the vehicle traffic through the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel of the Pennsylvania Turnpike(1). Decahydronaphthalene was detected in the municipal wastewaters from sewage treatment plants in Falmouth, MA(2).

SEDIMENT: Sediment cores from rural Larto Lake, Catahoula Parish and urban/suburban Lac des Allemands, Barataria Basin in Louisiana were analyzed for pollutant deposition over the years 1950 through 1991(1). Decaydronaphthalene concns in Larto Lake ranged from not detected to 3.4 ng/g and in Lac des Allemands, not detected to 9.2 ng/g(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Decahydronaphthalene was detected not quantified in the ambient air of Paris, France in 1972(1).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Data from September 2, 1979 identified decahydronaphthalene as an air pollution contaminant in the Allegheny Mountain Tunnel of the Pennsylvania Turnpike(1).

Decahydrohapthalene was identified, not quantified in floured chickpea seed (Cicer arietinum L.)(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 249 workers (74 of these are female) are potentially exposed to decahydronaphthalene in the US(1). Occupational exposure to decahydronaphthalene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where decahydronaphthalene is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to decahydronaphthalene via inhalation of ambient air and air in the vicinity of kerosene space heaters, ingestion of contaminated drinking water, and thru use of consumer products containing this compound(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for DECAHYDRONAPHTHALENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1147; Decahydronaphthalene

IMO 3.3; Decahydronaphthalene

49 131 67; Decahydronaphthalene

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: III