quinoline

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P317, P318, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302 (91.6%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (90.1%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315 (99.8%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H341 (99.8%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350 (99.8%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H411 (99.8%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1783 reports by companies from 15 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P203, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

EXTINGUISH WITH WATER, DRY CHEMICALS, FOAM, OR CARBON DIOXIDE.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Spread over with the 9:1 mixture of sand and soda ash. After mixing, transfer into a paper carton, stuffed with ruffled paper.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Apply "universal" gelling agent to immobilize spill.

Environmental considerations: Water spill: If dissolved, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Dissolve in such combustible solvent as alcohols, etc. Spray the solution into the furnace with afterburner and scrubber. Pour into a mixture of sand and soda ash (9:1). After mixing, put into a paper carton stuffed full with packing paper to serve as fuel. Burn in the furnace and stand or position oneself on upwind side.

A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

Quinoline is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

Wash the contaminated areas of skin with powerful soap solution. The contaminated clothing should be removed and dried followed by washing with powerful soap solution disposed of. The contaminated shoes should be incinerated.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors or dusts. ... Do not handle broken packages without protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from strong oxidants, acids, acid anhydrides and food and feedstuffs. Dry. Keep in the dark. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

PROTECT FROM LIGHT & MOISTURE.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.50 [mg/m3]

11 [mg/m3]

66 [mg/m3]

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (WEEL): 8-hr Time-weighted Average (TWA) 0.1 ppm, skin.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and skin.

The substance may have effects on the liver. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans.

U. S. Bu. Mines approved vapor unit; chemical safety goggles; face shield; rubber gloves; coveralls and/or rubber apron; rubber shoes and boots. (USCG, 1999)

Depending on the extent of possible contact, workers should be provided with personal protective equipment. A charcoal gas mask canister respirator has been found to be effective against a 2% pyridine concentration at 30 l/min for 1 hr. Rubber and plastic gloves should not be relied upon to prevent skin contact because pyridine and many of its derivatives penetrate these materials ... . /Pyridine, homologues, and derivatives/

Wear boots, protective gloves, and goggles.

NO open flames. Above 101 °C use a closed system and ventilation.

AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety spectacles.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Quinoline appears as a colorless liquid with a peculiar odor. Slightly denser than water. Contact may irritate to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.

Colorless hygroscopic liquid with characteristic odor; Turns brown after exposure to light; [ICSC] Clear liquid that darkens as ages; [Hawley] Light yellow liquid; [MSDSonline]

COLOURLESS HYGROSCOPIC LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR. TURNS BROWN ON EXPOSURE TO LIGHT.

COLORLESS TO BROWN /SRP: TECHNICAL GRADE/

Highly refractive/darkens with age

Colorless liquid

Penetrating odor, not as offensive as pyridine

Unpleasant odor

460 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

237.7 °C @ 760 mm Hg

239.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

237.16 °C @760 [mm Hg]

5 °F (NTP, 1992)

-14.78 °C

-15.6 °C

138 °F (NFPA, 2010)

99 °C, (Closed Cup)

101 °C c.c.

less than 0.1 mg/mL at 72.5 °F (NTP, 1992)

Soluble in alcohol, ether, and carbon disulfide

Miscible with oxygenated solvents

More sol in hot than cold water; sol in ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone, carbon disulfide and other common organic solvents.

In water, 6,110 mg/l @ 25 °C

6.11 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 0.61 (very poor)

12.4 [ug/mL] (The mean of the results at pH 7.4)

1.095 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.0900 @ 25 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.09

1.0977 @ 15°C

4.45 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

4.45 (Air= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.5

1 mmHg at 139.5 °F ; 5 mmHg at 193.3 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.06 [mmHg]

0.06 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 8

log Kow= 2.03

DARKENS ON STORAGE IN ORDINARY, STOPPERED BOTTLE

896 °F (USCG, 1999)

Hygroscopic. Soluble in water.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

QUINOLINE is hygroscopic. It absorbs as much as 22% water. It is sensitive to light and moisture. It darkens on storage. This chemical is a weak base. A potentially explosive reaction may occur with hydrogen peroxide. It reacts violently with dinitrogen tetraoxide. It also reacts violently with perchromates. It is incompatible with (linseed oil + thionyl chloride) and maleic anhydride. It is also incompatible with strong oxidizers and strong acids. This chemical can be unpredictably violent. It dissolves sulfur, phosphorus and arsenic trioxide. It may attack some forms of plastics. It is a preparative hazard. (NTP, 1992)

VIOLENT REACTION WITH DINITROGEN TETRAOXIDE; PERCHROMATES.

Potentially explosive reaction with hydrogen peroxide. ... Incompatible with linseed oil + thionyl choride; maleic anhydride.

Pyridine and quinoline are attacked violently by the liquid oxide.

The ability of PAH's to bind to blood proteins such as albumin allows them to be transported throughout the body. Many PAH's induce the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor or glycine N-methyltransferase protein. These enzymes metabolize PAH's into their toxic intermediates. The reactive metabolites of PAHs (epoxide intermediates, dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and their various combinations) covalently bind to DNA and other cellular macromolecules, initiating mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. (L10, L23, A27, A32)

Quinoline

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 121: (2019) Styrene, Styrene-7,8-oxide, and Quinoline

Not listed by IARC. IARC has evaluated related PAHs (L2154).

PAHs are carcinogens and have been associated with the increased risk of skin, respiratory tract, bladder, stomach, and kidney cancers. They may also cause reproductive effects and depress the immune system. (L10)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Oral (L10) ; inhalation (L10)

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Sore throat.

Acute exposure to PAHs causes irritation and inflammation of the skin and lung tissue. (A10)

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 3: Chemicals are not classifiable by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

IRIS Current

LD50: 331 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (T14)

LD50: 540 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (T14)

LD50 Rat oral 460 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 331 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit skin 540 mg/kg

There is no know antidote for PAHs. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (L10)

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

CLINICAL SIGNS OF TOXICITY INCLUDE LETHARGY, RESPIRATORY DISTRESS, & PROSTRATION LEADING TO COMA. ... IRRITATING TO SKIN & MAY CAUSE PRONOUNCED PERMANENT CORNEAL INJURY.

... Quinoline paralyzes the respiratory muscles.

... (Presumably in humans), "absorption of quinoline into the body may lead to nausea, vomiting, gastro-intestinal cramps, fever, & a feeling of dizziness, an irregular rapid pulse & collapse."

Quinoline & many of its derivatives have been reported to be toxic to the retina or optic nerve in man ... .

Quinoline has been shown to inhibit competitively the activity of type A monoamine oxidase isolated from human placental & human brain synaptosomal mitochondria. Type B MAO was noncompetitively inhibited.

Quinoline and many of its derivatives have been reported to be toxic to the retina or optic nerve in ... animals.

NO DEATHS OCCURRED IN RATS EXPOSED TO SATURATED VAPOR (ROOM TEMP) FOR 8 HR. ... NO DEATHS OCCURRED IN 3 RATS EXPOSED TO CONCENTRATED VAPOR AT ROOM TEMP (CALCULATED CONCN OF 17 PPM) FOR 6 HR. ALL 3 RATS EXPOSED TO VAPOR PRODUCED BY HEATING THE CMPD TO 100 °C (CALCULATED CONCN OF 4000 PPM) DIED WITHIN 5 1/2 HR.

Quinoline, tested by application of a drop to rabbit eyes, caused moderately severe injury, graded 8 on a scale of 1 to 10 after 24 hr.

QUINOLINE FED TO RATS & MICE CAUSED HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMAS OR HEMANGIOSARCOMAS & HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMAS OF LIVER. SOME RATS HAD HEMANGIOSARCOMATOUS METASTATIC FOCI IN LUNG. NO EFFECT IN HAMSTERS OR GUINEA PIGS. MALE RATS WERE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE THAN FEMALES; MICE WERE LEAST SUSCEPTIBLE.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for QUINOLINE (28 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50 Xenophus laevis (South African clawed toad) embryo 26.3 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC100 Tetrahymena pyriformis (ciliate) 6.19 mmole/l/24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

1.80e-01

7.70e-01

2.40e-02

2.00e-01

LC50 Xenophus laevis (South African clawed toad) embryo 26.3 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC100 Tetrahymena pyriformis (ciliate) 6.19 mmole/l/24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

1.80e-01

7.70e-01

2.40e-02

2.00e-01

3.00e+00

Volatile

1.80e+01

7.70e+01

2.40e+00

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

Quinoline's production and use as a chemical intermediate, corrosion inhibitor, in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, and as a solvent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.06 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates quinoline will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase quinoline will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.4 days. Quinoline will be susceptible to photolysis as indicated by strong UV absorption in water at wavelengths >290 nm with maximum at 312.5 nm. If released to soil, quinoline is expected to have very high mobility based upon a Koc range of 2.84 to 10.9. The pKa of quinoline is 4.90, indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process for the neutral species based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. Quinoline was degraded in a sandy soil with 14CO2 production at 21%/day after 3-4 days. Microbial utilization was found to be desorption-rate limiting. If released into water, quinoline is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Biodegradation may be a slow environmental fate process in water based upon a measured 0.2% theoretical BOD using the Japanese MITI test and observed biodegradation to hydroxylated products using anaerobic freshwater sediment slurries. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 25 and 186 days, respectively. A BCF range of <1.0-3.8 suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to occur due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. Occupational exposure to quinoline may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where quinoline is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to quinoline via inhalation of cigarette smoke containing quinoline and quinoline sorbed onto particulate matter in urban air. (SRC)

Quinoline, isoquinoline and other derivatives of quinoline are present in coal and in slightly decomposed sphagnum peats(1).

QUINOLINE MAY BE EXTRACTED FROM BONE OIL ... .

... FOUND IN TOBACCO SMOKE.

The main basic components in coke oven tars are quinoline (16-20% of the total), isoquinoline (4-5%), and methylquinolines. Those dicyclic bases are less prominent in continuous vertical retort (CVR) and low temperature tars ...

Quinoline's production and use as a chemical intermediate, corrosion inhibitor(1), in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, and as a solvent(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Kocs ranging from 2.84 to 10.9(2,3), indicates that quinoline is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of the neutral species of quinoline from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.67X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 0.06 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 6,110 mg/l(5). The potential for volatilization of quinoline from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). However, the pKa of quinoline is 4.90(6), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts(7). Quinoline was degraded in a Danish sandy soil from Lundgaard, Jutland, characterized by 2.47% organic carbon content, 80.2% sand, 13.2% silt, 4.8% clay, and a pH of 5.8; using batch experiments at pH 5.8 and 7 with concns of 10 and 50 mg/kg quinoline, 14CO2 production was 21%/day after 3-4 days in all experiments(8); observed biodegradation to hydroxylated products was reported using freshwater sediment slurries incubated under methanogenic conditions(9). Therefore, biodegradation may be a slow environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 2.84 to 10.9(2,3), indicates that quinoline is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). However, the pKa of quinoline is 4.90(7), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts(8). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.06 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 6,110 mg/l(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 25 and 186 days, respectively(SRC). Quinoline may be susceptible to photolysis as indicated by strong UV absorption in water at wavelengths >290 nm with maximum at 312.5 nm(9). According to a classification scheme(10), a BCF range of <0.1 to 3.8(11), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation may be a slow environmental fate process in water based upon a measured 0.2% theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using the Japanese MITI test(11) and observed biodegradation to hydroxylated products using freshwater sediment slurries incubated under methanogenic conditions(12).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), quinoline, which has a vapor pressure of 0.006 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase quinoline is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.4 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.16X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Strong absorption of UV light wavelenghts >290 nm with an absorption maximum at 312.5 nm in water(4), suggests the potential for direct photolysis of quinoline in the atmosphere(SRC). This compound may be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition as indicated by the identification of quinoline sorbed to atmospheric particulates(5) and in rainwater samples(6).

With 9 natural water samples, 1 ppm quinoline had 3-10 day lag then 100% degradation in 24-48 hr; 1 ppm redose had 2-4 hr lag then 100% degradation in 24-48 hr(1). Using a 9 L aerated fermentor with 3 natural water samples and 1 sewage plant aeration effluent spiked with 10 ug/ml quinoline, an adaptation period was observed and greater than or equal to 95% biodegradation in 48 hr (25 °C), 60 hr (25 °C), 11 days (15 °C) and 60 hours (25 °C), respectively(2). Batch fermentations using low level inocula from a eutrophic pond initially spiked with 1,3,5 and 10 ug/ml quinoline resulted in 100% biodegradation in <16 hr(2). Major metabolites expected: 2-hydroxyquinoline, 2,3-dihydroxyquinoline(2). 66% theoretical BOD (TBOD) was observed after 5 days with the standard dilution method and sewage as seed(4). Using 100 ppm quinoline and 30 ppm activated sludge, < 30% TBOD was observed in 2 weeks(5). With 10 ug/ml quinoline with pond water in 9 l bottle, approximately 2 day lag period followed by 100% biodegradation in < 24 hr; four subsequent redoses in shaker flasks with 0.2% v/v (NH4)2SO4 - potassium phosphate buffer resulted in 100% biodegradation in less than or equal to 24 hours(3). Bacterium isolated from soil used quinoline as sole carbon during aerobic degradation(6). Quinoline was degraded to 2-hydroxyquinoline by soil Pseudomonads in enrichment cultures isolated from a creosote-contaminated site in Pensacola, FL(7).

AEROBIC: Quinoline, present at 100 mg/l, reached 0.2% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/l and the Japanese MITI test(1). Under aerobic conditions, quinoline, present at 1 mg/l, reached 90 percent degradation in 310 hours after exposure to groundwater from a gasoline contaminated aquifer(2). The biodegradability of quinoline at various concentrations was determined using a river water die-away test and water collected from the Green River (Newton, KY)(3). The kinetics of removal of quinoline from solution was dependent on the initial concentration. The lowest quinoline concentration (0.1 mg/l) differed from the others in that it exhibited a longer lag period than did the three progressively higher concentrations. In general, the half-lives for the degradation of quinoline ranged from 2.25-5.25 days at initial concentrations ranging from 0.1-150 mg/l(3). The highest half-life of 5.25 days occurred at an initial concentration of 150 mg/l. The presence of quinolinone in the outermost groundwater samples collected on day 471 has been attributed to its being an aerobic biodegradation product of quinoline which was added as a component of coal tar creosote to a natural sand aquifer in Borden, Ontario, Canada as part of a field study(4). Quinoline at a concn of 6 ng/g was completed removed by activated sludge and a dissolved air flotation treatment system with similar results reported using a pilot-scale mixed-media filter system and activated carbon columns(5). Quinoline was degraded in a Danish sandy soil from Lundgaard, Jutland, characterized by 2.47% organic carbon content, 80.2% sand, 13.2% silt, 4.8% clay, and a pH of 5.8; using batch experiments at pH 5.8 and 7 with concns of 10 and 50 mg/kg quinoline, 14CO2 production was 21%/day after 3-4 days in all experiments(6). Microbial utilization was found to be desorption-rate limiting(7).

ANAEROBIC: Primary digesting sludge was collected from a sewage treatment plant and used to determine the potential for anaerobic biodegradation of quinoline(1). Within four weeks, quinoline was completely degraded while being incubated at 35 °C. Quinolinone has been identified as an anaerobic biodegradation product of quinoline in an aquifer study(2). Using a mixed culture in a biofilm under nitrate-reducing conditions, influent concns between 15 and 5,000 ug/l were transformed by hydroxylation to 2-hydroxyquinoline and further methylated at the homocyclic ring to 3,4-dihydro-2-quinoline(3). Quinoline was degraded under groundwater conditions to oxygenated analogs of the parent compound(4). Under methanogenic conditions, after a 6 month acclimation, methane production was 85% of the expected amount, indicating that quinoline could be anaerobically degraded(4). Quinoline at a concn of 15 mg/l was biodegraded to hydroxylated products in freshwater sediment slurries incubated under methanogenic conditions at 23 to 25 °C for a period of 80 days(5). Quinoline was degraded under sulfate-reducing conditions using microorganisms obtained from a creosote-contaminated aquifer in Pensacola, FL(6).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of quinoline with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 1.16X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.4 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constants for the vapor-phase reaction of quinoline with NO2 and ozone are <1.6X10-20 cu cm/molecule sec and <1.0X10-19 cu cm/molecule sec, respectively(1). Evidence was obtained indicating that quinoline reacts with gas-phase nitric acid. The second order rate constant for the reaction of quinoline with nitrite ions in aqueous solution is 7.09X10+9 l/mole second(2).

Quinoline will not hydrolyze in environmental aquatic systems(1). Oxidation half-life was calculated to be >10+4 hours in all surface waters(1). Quinoline will be susceptible to photolysis as indicated by strong UV absorption in water at wavelengths >290 nm with maximum at 312.5 nm(3). During late June, the aquatic near surface half-life with sunlight, pH = 6.9, has been estimated to be 21 days(1), or 25 days(2); at wavelength = 313 nm (artificial irradiation) the photolysis reaction rate, Kp, is about 5.9X10-6 sec-1(1). Photolysis rates in natural sunlight vary with pH, presence of humic acids, depth of water and season(1,2). Calculated half-life = 160 days in winter and the calculated Kp summer/Kp winter ratio is 7.2(2). Measured Kp at pH = 6.9 is greater than Kp at pH = 4.4(3). Under late June sunlight, humic acids photosensitize quinoline, increasing the rate of photolysis by 3.9 times, but decreasing by 0.38 times under artificial lighting (wavelength = 313 nm)(2). Tropospheric half-lives of quinoline in water droplets have been approximated at 9 and 20 minutes at neutral and acidic pHs, respectively(4).

At an initial concentration of 0.8 and 0.08 mg/l, quinoline had a BCF ranging from <0.1-2.5 and <1.0-3.8, respectively, in orange red killifish(1). Rainbow trout swimup fry, ranging from 0.21-0.41 g in size, were exposed to quinoline at 1 mg/l for 48 hours and analyzed for bioconcentration(2). Whole body levels of quinoline increased rapidly during the first 4 hours of exposure and reached an apparent plateau after about 24 hours. Quinoline had a calculated bioconcentration factor of 3.73. After 48 hours, the fish were placed in non-quinoline contaminated water for 24 hours and monitored for depuration(2). Less than 2% of unmetabolized quinoline remained after the 24-hour depuration period. Metabolites found within fish tissues included hydroxyquinolines and quinolinethiols(2). In a static exposure study using fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, a bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 8 was measured(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these BCF values suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The measured log Koc for quinoline is 2.84(1). The adsorption coefficients of quinoline to Ca-montmorillonite and creek sediments are 7.3 and 10.9, respectively(2). A Koc of 43 was reported using low-organic-carbon subsurface materials(11). According to a classification scheme(3), these Koc values suggest that quinoline is expected to have very high mobility in soil. Quinoline was found to be relatively mobile using a Danish sandy soil(10). Intensity of quinoline added to a natural sand aquifer on the Canadian Air Force Base Borden, Ontario, Canada via a field study using coal tar creosote were found to increase after 278 days, about 25 m from the croesote source, added at an initial concn of 10.1 g/kg creosote(4). Aromatic amines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(7,8), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC). The pKa of quinoline is 4.90(5), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment and cations generally adsorb to organic carbon and clay more strongly than their neutral counterparts(6); therefore, adsorption increases with increasing soil acidity(11). Sorption onto airborne particulates has been observed(9). A Kd value of 0.83 was measured using a Danish sandy soil from Lundgaard, Jutland, characterized by 2.47% organic carbon content, 80.2% sand, 13.2% silt, 4.8% clay, and a pH of 5.8(10).

The Henry's Law constant for quinoline is estimated as 1.7X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 0.06 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 6,110 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that quinoline is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 25 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 186 days(SRC). Quinoline is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

GROUNDWATER: Samples taken near two different underground coal gasification sites in Hoe Creek, Wyoming had levels of quinoline plus isoquinoline concentrations of 0.45 ppb, 7.1 ppb, 14 ppb(1). Intensity of quinoline added to a natural sand aquifer on the Canadian Air Force Base Borden, Ontario, Canada via a field study using coal tar creosote were found to increase after 278 days from an initial concn of 10.1 g/kg creosote(4). Quinoline was detected in groundwater samples collected from Pensacola, FL (June, 1986) and St. Louis Park, MN (October, 1986) at concentrations of 11,200 ug/l and <15 ug/l, respectively(2). Both of these sites have been contaminated as a result of creosote wood treatment activities(2).

SURFACE WATER: Quinoline was qualitatively identified in River Waal at Brakel, Germany during 1974(1).

RAIN/SNOW/FOG: 3 samples Los Angeles rainwater collected 12/81-2/82, contained concentrations of quinoline plus isoquinoline and their substituted compounds 0.7-2 ug/l, 1.6 ug/l avg, respectively(1).

With 260 mg quinoline per kg creosote-pentachlorophenol, quinoline was detected in wastewater from an on-site storage pond in central Texas(1). The compound was qualitatively identified in CO and UT shale oil wastewaters during 1981-2(2). A quinoline concn of 20 ng/l was estimated to be present in synthetic coal conversion wastewater(3). A baseline study of gaseous emissions from polystyrene combustion indicate that quinoline represents 2.08% of the total gas-phase PAH emissions(4). Quinoline was tentatively identified in the base fraction of wastewater from gasification of Indian Head lignite coal at an estimated concentration of 0.49 mg/l(5). Gasoline and diesel-powered vehicle exhaust emissions have been shown to contain quinoline at concns ranging from 5.3 (noncatalyst) and 0.57 ug/km (catalyst), and 0.46 (diesel) ug/km, respectively(6).

SEDIMENTS: Monitoring results from the Puget Sound, WA are as follows: 39 sediment samples from 6 cores 0-47 cm deep Sept 1978, 74% were positive with respect to quinoline at a range of 160-6600 ng/g organic carbon, 1430 ng/g organic carbon avg. with 11% recovery efficiency(1). Lake Washington sediment core samples taken in September 1978, resulted in 100% pos detections with 260, 1300 and 120 ng/g organic carbon at 0-2 cm, 2-6 cm and 35-37 cm deep, respectively, with 11% recovery efficiency(1). Less than 5% of the total bed-sediment samples from 443 sites in 19 major US river basins collected from 1992-95 tested positive for quinoline(2).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: A study was conducted in which the outdoor air of 8 homes in Columbus, OH, during the winter heating season of 1986/1987, were analyzed for contaminants(1). The results were (min, max, avg in ug/cu m): 0.78, 5.5, 3.3, respectively(1). Ambient data collected in 1988 indicate that the mean concn of quinoline of 3 samples from 2 US urban locations was 0.34 ug/cu m, with concns ranging from not detected to 1.0 ug/cu m(2).

INDOOR: A study was conducted in which the indoor air of 8 homes in Columbus, OH, during the winter heating season of 1986/1987, were analyzed for contaminants(1). The results were as follows (area, min, max, avg in ug/cu m): kitchen - 8.5, 640, 140; living room - 9.1, 1,100, 240(1). Average indoor concns of these 8 sample homes occupied by smokers were 93, 560, 250 ug/cu m in homes having electric, gas, and a combination electric/gas heating and cooking systems, respectively(1); those not occupied by smokers were 26, 10, and 11 ug/cu m, respectively(1).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Outdoor air samples from a Logan Wash, CO Shale oil wastewater treatment facility collected in Nov 1982, contained 1 ug/cu m quinoline(1). A Dupont site in Deepwater, NJ tested during 1977, contained 4 ng/cu m(2). Quinoline was found to be adsorbed onto particulate matter in the air above New York City in 2 samples at 22 and 69 ng/cu m air, respectively(3).

A field study was designed to measure plant uptake of organic contaminants from sludge-treated coal refuse, following a one-time applications in 1987(1). Quinoline was not detected in corn, cabbage, and carrot samples collected in 1990(1).

Quinoline has been detected in cigarette smoke in the following concentrations: 19.67 ug/cigarette for 85 mm non-filtered, 0.62 ug/cigarette for 100 mm, 5 mm smoked filtered and 1.2 ug/cigarette for 100 mm, 55 mm smoked non-filtered(1). Indoor concentrations of quinoline and isoquinoline correlate very closely with those of nicotine and can be used to indicate indoor levels of environmental tobacco smoke(2).

PRIMARY ROUTES OF EXPOSURE ARE SKIN CONTACT WITH THE LIQUID OR INHALATION OF THE VAPOR OR AEROSOL.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Dissolve in such combustible solvent as alcohols, etc. Spray the solution into the furnace with afterburner and scrubber. Pour into a mixture of sand and soda ash (9:1). After mixing, put into a paper carton stuffed full with packing paper to serve as fuel. Burn in the furnace and stand or position oneself on upwind side.

A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

Quinoline is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for QUINOLINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

IMO 6.1; Quinoline

UN 2656; Quinoline

49 633 67; Quinoline

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III