2-nitroanisole

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

P203, P264, P270, P280, P301+P317, P318, P330, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H350 (100%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 49 reports by companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P317, P308+P316, P318, P319, P330, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

P203, P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P317, P318, P319, P330, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Rest. Refer for medical attention .

Use carbon dioxide, foam, powder.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Special protective equipment for fire-fighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Nitroanisole/

Personal protection: chemical protection suit and filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES. Personal precautions: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Product: Observe all federal, state, and local environmental regulations. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2-Nitroanisole (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.

If inhaled ..., move person into fresh air. If not breathing give artificial respiration. Consult a physician. In case of skin contact, wash off with soap and plenty of water. Consult a physician. In case of eye contact, rRinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician. If swallowed, never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water. Consult a physician.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. /Nitroanisole/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2-Nitroanisole (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Well closed. Store only in original packaging. Ventilation along the floor. Dry.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

Well closed.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

carcinogen category: 2

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly on spraying.

Exposure at high levels could cause formation of methaemoglobin. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking. The substance may have effects on the blood. This may result in anaemia. This substance is probably carcinogenic to humans.

Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Hand protection: Handle with gloves. Eye protection: Face shield and safety glasses Skin and body protection: Choose body protection according to the amount and concentration of the dangerous substance at the work place.

NO open flames.

AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use closed system, ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

Colorless, yellow, or reddish liquid; [HSDB] Yellow liquid; mp = 9-10 deg C; [MSDSonline]

COLOURLESS-TO-YELLOW-RED LIQUID.

Colorless to yellowish liquid

Light reddish or amber liquid

277 °C; 144 °C at 4 mm Hg

Boiling point range: 268-271 °C

142 °C closed cup

142 °C c.c.

Miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether; soluble in carbon tetrachloride

In water, 1.69X10+3 mg/L at 30 °C

Solubility in water, g/l at 30 °C: 1.69 (slightly soluble)

1.2540 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.25 (20 °C)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 5.29

0.0036 [mmHg]

3.6X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 30 °C: 0.004

log Kow = 1.73

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxide/.

Liquid viscosity = 3.9768X10-3 at melting point

4.7471X10-2 N/m at melting point

Index of refraction = 1.5161 at 20 °C/D

UV: 6-111 (Organic Electronic Spectral Data, Phillips et al, John Wiley & Sons, New York) /3-Nitroanisole/

13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum

Boiling point

Chemical diffusion

Chemical shift

Diamagnetic susceptibility

Dielectric constant

Diffusion

Diffusive flux

Heat of sublimation

Lineshape

Magnetic susceptibility

Optical coefficient

Refractive index

Sound absorption

Sound propagation

Sound velocity

Spin-spin coupling constant

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of 2-nitroanisole. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of 2-nitroanisole. Overall evaluation: 2-Nitroanisole is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).

o-Nitroanisole: reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

ortho-Nitroanisole

Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans

Volume 65: (1996) Printing Processes and Printing Inks, Carbon Black and Some Nitro Compounds

Volume 127: (2021) Some Aromatic Amines and Related Compounds

2021 online

NB Originally evaluated as 2-Nitroanisole

o-Nitroanisole

TR-416: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of o-Nitroanisole (CASRN 91-23-6) in F344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies) (1993 )

11/21/91

Clear Evidence

Some Evidence

Under the conditions of these feed studies there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of o-nitroanisole in male and female F344 rats that received diets containing 6,000 or 18,000 ppm for 6 months based on overall increased incidences of benign and malignant neoplasms of the urinary bladder, transitional cell neoplasms of the kidney, and benign and malignant neoplasms of the large intestine. There was a chemical-related increased incidence of mononuclear cell leukemia in male and female rats receiving diets containing 222, 666, or 2,000 ppm o-nitroanisole for 2 years. Marginally increased incidences of uncommon renal tubule neoplasms in male rats and forestomach neoplasms in male and female rats were considered uncertain findings. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of o-nitroanisolein male B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of benign and malignant hepatocellular neoplasms. There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of o-nitroanisole in female B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of hepatocellular adenomas.

Increased severity of nephropathy in male rats, and increased incidences of focal hyperplasia of the renal tubule epithelium and forestomach ulcers in male rats, and of transitional cell hyperplasia of the urinary bladder, focal hyperplasia of the forestomach, and hyperplasia of transitional epithelium ofthe kidney pelvis in male and female rats were associated with exposure to o-nitroanisole.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Confusion.

Dry skin.

See Inhalation.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

IARC Carcinogen - Class 2: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as probable (2a), or possible (2b) human carcinogens.

NTP Carcinogen - Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

LD50 Rat oral 1980 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 740 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 874 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rat dermal >2000 mg/kg bw

LD50 Mouse oral 1300 mg/kg

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... .Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for 2-Nitroanisole (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ May be harmful if inhaled. May cause respiratory tract irritation. May be harmful if absorbed through skin. May cause skin irritation. May cause eye irritation. Harmful if swallowed.

/GENOTOXICITY/ The aim of the study was to detect single-strand breaks in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in mononuclear blood cells of fire fighters exposed to o-nitroanisole and other substances released into the environment during an accident in a chemical plant. The level of DNA single-strand breaks in mononuclear blood cells was detected by alkaline elution. The results were compared for 16 fire fighters who worked in a contaminated area for about 8 hr and two reference groups (one of fire fighters who had not worked in the contaminated area, group I, and one of persons without any apparent occupational exposure to genotoxic substances, group II). The mean normalized elution rate (nER) 19 d after the accident was slightly but statistically significantly (P < 0.05) higher for the exposed fire fighters [mean 1.48 +/- 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.21] than for reference group I (mean 1.21 +/- 95% CI 0.21) or reference group II (mean 1.17 +/- 95% CI 0.18). No statistically significant difference was found between reference groups I and II. Another analysis was performed three months after the first. The level of DNA single-strand breaks (mean nER 1.12 +/- 95% CI 0.11) was no longer increased in comparison with the levels of the reference groups ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Patch test for skin irritation in rabbits, semi-occlusive, length of exposure: 4 hr. Result: not irritating. /Translated from German/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ 2-Nitroanisole (2-NA) is an important industrial pollutant and a potent bladder carcinogen for rodents. The mechanism of its carcinogenicity was investigated in this study ... Two independent methods, (32)P-post-labeling and (3)H-labeled 2-NA, /were used/ to show that 2-NA binds covalently to DNA in vitro after reductive activation by human hepatic cytosol and xanthine oxidase (XO) ... The capacity of 2-NA to form DNA adducts in vivo /was also investigated/. Male Wistar rats were treated ip with 2-NA (0.15 mg/kg bw daily for 5 days) and DNA from several organs was analyzed by (32)P-post-labeling. Two 2-NA-specific DNA adducts, identical to those found in DNA incubated with 2-NA and human hepatic cytosol or XO in vitro, were detected in the urinary bladder (3.4 adducts/10(7) nt), the target organ, and, to a lesser extent, in liver, kidney and spleen. The two DNA adducts found in rat tissues in vivo were identified as deoxyguanosine adducts derived from a 2-NA reductive metabolite, N-(2-methoxyphenyl)hydroxylamine. This reactive metabolite of 2-NA was identified in incubations with human hepatic cytosol, besides 2-methoxyaniline (o-anisidine). The results ... strongly suggest a carcinogenic potency of this rodent carcinogen for humans.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Eye irritation test in rabbits, length of exposure: 24 hr. Result: not irritating. /Translated from German/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ ... Toxic effects after dietary administration of 2-nitroanisole to male and female Fischer 344 rats (583, 1166, 2332, 4665 or 9330 ppm) and B6C3Fl mice (250, 500, 1000, 2000 or 4000 ppm) for 14 days/ were reported/. Mean body-weight gains were depressed in male rats fed 4665 or 9330 ppm, in male mice fed 250 ppm or more and in female mice fed 4000 ppm. Absolute liver weight was increased in male rats fed 1166 ppm and in female rats fed 583 ppm or more. Erythrocyte counts, hematocrit values and hemoglobin concentrations in all exposed male rats were significantly lower than those in controls. Methemoglobin concentrations were significantly increased in male rats fed 1166 ppm or more. With the exception of depressed body-weight gain, no treatment-related effect was observed in mice.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-Nitroanisole (22 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=91-23-6]

LC50; Species: Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail); Conditions: oral feed; Concentration: >1300 mg/kg /o-Nitroanisole 99% purity/ /Translated from German/

LC50; Species: Oryzia latipes (Japanese medaka); Conditions: static; Concentration: 25 mg/L/48 hr.

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow); Conditions: static; Concentration: 216.1 mg/L/96 hr

EC50; Species: Scenedesmus subspicatus (algae); Conditions: OECD Guideline 201; Concentration: 48.6 mg/L/72 hr; Endpoint: growth rate

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-Nitroanisole (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Male and female Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) were fed o-nitroanisole (99% purity) in their feed daily for 5 days, dosage: 128, 320, 800, 2000, 5000 mg/kg bw. NOEL = 2000 mg/kg feed, 400 mg/kg/day

2-Nitroanisole's production and use as a dye intermediate and in organic syntheses may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.6X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-nitroanisole will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-nitroanisole will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.6 days. 2-Nitroanisole absorbs light at wavelengths up to 429 nm, and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 2-nitroanisole is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 140. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.3X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. 2-Nitroanisole may not volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. The compound required more than 64 days to biodegrade in a soil microflora inoculum, indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil. If released into water, 2-nitroanisole is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. A BCF range of 1.4-5.2 suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 2-nitroanisole may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-nitroanisole is produced or used. (SRC)

2-Nitroanisole's production and use as a dye intermediate and in organic syntheses(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 140(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.73(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-nitroanisole is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-nitroanisole from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.3X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 3.6X10-3 mm hg(4), and water solubility, 1.69X10+3 mg/L(5). 2-Nitroanisole is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(5). The compound required more than 64 days to biodegrade in a soil microflora inoculum(6) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 140(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.73(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-nitroanisole is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.3X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 3.6X10-3 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 1.69X10+3 mg/L(6). According to a classification scheme(7), a BCF range of 1.4-5.2(8) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 2 weeks(8) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-nitroanisole, which has a vapor pressure of 3.60X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-nitroanisole is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.6 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.5X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 2-Nitroanisole absorbs light at wavelengths up to 429 nm(4), and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: 2-Nitroanisole is considered non-biodegradable(1). o-Nitroanisole, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(2). Greater than 64 days were required to degrade 2-nitroanisole by a soil microflora inoculum from a Niagara silt loam in a mineral salts medium(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-nitroanisole with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.5X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4.6 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2-Nitroanisole is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). 2-Nitroanisole absorbs light at wavelengths up to 429 nm(2), and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Measured BCF ranges of 1.4-2.3 and 2.7-5.2 at test chemical concentrations of 50 and 5 ppb, respectively, were reported in fish for 2-nitroanisole using carp (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed over an 8-week period(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 2-nitroanisole is estimated as 140(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.73(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-nitroanisole is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 2-nitroanisole is estimated as 4.3X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 3.6X10-3 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1.69X10+3 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-nitroanisole is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(3). 2-Nitroanisole's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may not occur(SRC). 2-Nitroanisole is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

DRINKING WATER: 2-Nitroanisole has been qualitatively detected in drinking water(1).

SEAWATER: 2-Nitroanisole was reported 1.7% of 58 samples at an average concentration of 0.01 ppm in samples collected from 1974-1976 from the industrial zone along the Pacific coast of Japan which included Tokyo Bay, Ise Bay, Osaka Bay, the Seto Inland Sea, and areas along the Japan Sea coast(1).

SEDIMENT: 2-Nitroanisole was reported 4.3% of 70 samples at an average concentration of 0.69 ppm in samples collected from 1974-1976 from the industrial zone along the Pacific coast of Japan which included Tokyo Bay, Ise Bay, Osaka Bay, the Seto Inland Sea, and areas along the Japan Sea coast(1).

Occupational exposure to 2-nitroanisole may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-nitroanisole is produced or used. (SRC)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Product: Observe all federal, state, and local environmental regulations. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2-Nitroanisole (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Nitroanisoles; Nitroanisoles, liquid; Nitroanisoles, solid/

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Nitroanisoles; Nitroanisoles, liquid; Nitroanisoles, solid/

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Nitroanisoles; Nitroanisoles, liquid; Nitroanisoles, solid/

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Nitroanisoles; Nitroanisoles, liquid; Nitroanisoles, solid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-Nitroanisole (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2730; Nitroanisoles, liquid[United Nations; Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Model Regulations. Vol. I, 16th Revised Edition (2009). Available from, as of November 29, 2010: http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/unrec/rev16/16files_e.html]

UN 3458; Nitroanisoles, solid[United Nations; Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Model Regulations. Vol. I, 16th Revised Edition (2009). Available from, as of November 29, 2010: http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/unrec/rev16/16files_e.html]

IMO 6.1; Nitroanisole

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III