Benzoyl Peroxide

H241: Heating may cause a fire or explosion [Danger Self-reactive substances and mixtures; Organic peroxides]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P234, P235, P240, P261, P264+P265, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P380+P375[+P378], P391, P403, P410, P411, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 1679) of reports.

H241 (99.6%): Heating may cause a fire or explosion [Danger Self-reactive substances and mixtures; Organic peroxides]

H317 (> 99.9%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319 (> 99.9%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H400 (68.8%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (25.6%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1679 reports by companies from 30 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 1679 reports by companies.

There are 29 notifications provided by 1678 of 1679 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H241 (100%): Heating may cause a fire or explosion [Danger Self-reactive substances and mixtures; Organic peroxides]

H242 (100%): Heating may cause a fire [Danger Self-reactive substances and mixtures; Organic peroxides]

H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P234, P235, P240, P261, P264+P265, P272, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P370+P380+P375[+P378], P403, P410, P411, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

H251: Self-heating; may catch fire [Danger Self-heating substances and mixtures]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P210, P234, P235, P240, P261, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P318, P319, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P370+P380+P375[+P378], P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, P407, P410, P411, P413, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P210, P234, P235, P240, P261, P264+P265, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P380+P375[+P378], P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410, P411, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P210, P234, P235, P240, P261, P264+P265, P271, P272, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P380+P375[+P378], P403, P403+P233, P405, P410, P411, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P210, P234, P235, P240, P261, P264+P265, P272, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P380+P375[+P378], P403, P410, P411, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: Do not use hand extinguishers

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Difficult to extinguish once ignited. Use water spray to cool surrounding area. (USCG, 1999)

Use water in large amounts. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Use water only. Do not use chemical or carbon dioxide extinguishers. ... If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. ... The only respirators recommended for firefighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full face-pieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. Clean up and salvage operations after a fire should not be attempted until all of the peroxide has cooled completely.

To fight fire, use water spray, foam.

Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 146 [Organic Peroxides (Heat, Contamination and Friction Sensitive)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial evacuation for at least 250 meters (800 feet) in all directions.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Evacuate danger area! Remove all ignition sources. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Sweep up and shovel. Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wetbrushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. Contain spillage, pick up with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and transfer to a container for disposal according to local regulations.

Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Mix spilled material with water-wetted vermiculite, and deposit in sealed containers. Do not use spark-generating materials or materials made of paper or wood for sweeping or handling spilled benzoyl peroxide. Ventilate area of spill or leak after cleanup is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If materials or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. ... If employees are required to clean up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable.

/LABORATORY QUANTITIES/ Wear eye protection, laboratory coat, and nitrile rubber gloves. Cover the spill with a 1:1:1 mixture by weight of sodium carbonate or calcium carbonate, clay cat litter (bentonite), and sand. Dampen this mixture thoroughly with water, and then scoop into a beaker using a plastic or cardboard shovel. Treat as per waste disposal procedure. Wash the area of the spill thoroughly with soap and water.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Pretreatment involves decomposition with sodium hydroxide. The final solution of sodium benzoate, which is very biodegradable, may be flushed into the drain. Disposal of large quantities of solution may require pH adjustment before release into the sewer or controlled incineration after mixing with a non-combustible material.

Wear nitrile rubber gloves, laboratory coat, and eye protection. Work in the fume hood or behind safety shield. Stir the dampened benzoyl peroxide with 10% sodium hydroxide solution (10 mL for each 1 g of peroxide) for 24 hours. The resultant sodium benzoate may be poured into the drain with at least 50 times its volume of water. Alternatively, react the dampened benzoyl peroxide with a solution of sodium or potassium iodide in acid. Gradually, and while stirring, add 1.0 g of peroxide to a solution of sodium iodide (1.4 g) or potassium iodide (1.5 g) in 28 mL of glacial acetic acid. The solution darkens rapidly due to formation of iodine. Allow to stand for 30 minutes. Add solid sodium metabisulfite until the solution is colorless. Wash the solution into the drain.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.

Precautions for safe handling: Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Keep away from heat ... .

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Dibenzoyl peroxide (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 146 [Organic Peroxides (Heat, Contamination and Friction Sensitive)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Keep substance wet using water spray. Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

SMALL SPILL: Pick up with inert, damp, non-combustible material using clean, non-sparking tools and place into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL: Wet down with water and dike for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from combustible substances and reducing agents. Store only in original packaging. See Chemical Dangers.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Storage class (TRGS 510): Other explosive hazardous materials.

All precautions must be taken to guard against fire and explosion hazards. Keep in a cool place, out of the direct rays of the sun, away from sparks, open flames, and other sources of heat, avoid shock, rough handling, friction from grinding, etc. Isolated storage is required; keep away from possible contact with acids, alcohols, ethers, or other reducing agents or polymerization catalysts such as dimethylaniline.

Do not store in the same area as other flammable materials. Protect containers against physical damage. Isolate in well-detached, fire-resistive, cool and well-ventilated building with no other materials stored therein; provide explosion venting in a safe direction and prohibit any electrical installation or heating facilities. Dibenzoyl peroxide should be stored in and used from original containers.

5.0 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction[German Research Foundation (DFG)]

5.0 [mg/m3]

250 [mg/m3]

1500 [mg/m3]

TWA 5 mg/m3

1500 mg/m3 (NIOSH, 2024)

1500.0 [mg/m3]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Human data: Concentrations of 12 mg/m3 and higher have resulted in pronounced irritation of the nose and throat [Moskowitz and Grabois 1950].

1500 mg/cu m

1500 mg/m³

1500 mg/m3

See: 94360

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 5 mg/cu m.

Peak Exposure Recommendation: Transient increases in workers' exposure levels may exceed 3 times the value of the TLV-TWA level for no more than 15 minutes at a time, on no more than 4 occasions spaced 1 hour apart during a workday, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the value of the TLV-TWA level. In addition, the 8-hour TWA is not to be exceeded for an 8-hour work period.

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Benzoyl peroxide:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. (NIOSH, 2024)

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for Dibenzoyl peroxide (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NIOSH/OSHA

Up to 50 mg/m3 :

(APF = 10) Any particulate respirator equipped with an N95, R95, or P95 filter (including N95, R95, and P95 filtering facepieces) except quarter-mask respirators. The following filters may also be used: N99, R99, P99, N100, R100, P100.

Click here for information on selection of N, R, or P filters.*

(APF = 10) Any supplied-air respirator*

Up to 125 mg/m3 :

(APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode*

(APF = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter.*

Up to 250 mg/m3 :

(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter.

Click here for information on selection of N, R, or P filters. 

Benzoyl peroxide appears as odorless white powder or granules. Sinks in water. (USCG, 1999)

Liquid; CBI; Dry Powder; Wet Solid

Colorless to white crystals or a granular powder with a faint, benzaldehyde-like odor; [NIOSH]

WHITE CRYSTALS OR POWDER.

Colorless to white crystals or a granular powder with a faint, benzaldehyde-like odor.

Crystals

White, granular crystalline solid

Orthorhombic prisms from ether

Colorless to white crystals or a granular powder.

Faint, benzaldehyde-like odor.

Tasteless

Decomposes explosively (NTP, 1992)

Decomposes explosively above melting point. Does not reach boiling point.

Explodes

decomposes explosively

Decomposes explosively

217 to 221 °F (decomposes) (NTP, 1992)

104.5 °C

106 - 108 °C

176 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

less than 1 mg/mL at 79 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 9.10 mg/L at 25 °C

Sparingly soluble in water

Slightly soluble in water

Sparingly soluble in alcohol; soluble in benzene, chloroform, ether; 1 g dissolves in 40 mL carbon disulfide, in about 50 mL olive oil

For more Solubility (Complete) data for Dibenzoyl peroxide (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

0.0091 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water: poor

1.334 at 59 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.3340 at 25 °C

1.3 g/cm³

1.334 @25 °C

less than 0.1 mmHg at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.0000706 [mmHg]

VP: < 0.1 torr at 20 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C:

log Kow = 3.46

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

It is moderately sensitive to heat, shock, friction, or contact with combustible materials.

The storage stability of benzoyl peroxide in the presence of both individual and combined pharmaceutical gel ingredients was investigated. Benzoyl peroxide was quite unstable in the presence of nucleophilic agents and certain acidic substances. At both 30 and 40 degrees storage temperatures, benzoyl peroxide was destroyed rapidly (within 1 month) in the presence of ethanol and acidic chelating agents. The substitution of acetone for ethanol, the elimination of chelating agents, and the addition of sodium hydroxide to gel preparations markedly reduced degradation.

Insoluble in water.

Peroxides, Organic

Explosive

Strong Oxidizing Agent

BENZOYL PEROXIDE is a white, odorless powder, moderately toxic. It is most dangerous when it contains less then 1% water. A moisture content of 3% allowed slow burning only, and at 5% ignition did not occur [McCloskey, C. M. et al., Chem. Abs., 1967, 66, 12613c]. Mixed with a large surplus of water (30% or more), it is relatively safe. In dry form, it is a very dangerous material. It will explode spontaneously when heated above melting point (103 °C). An explosion which occurred when a screw-capped bottle of the peroxide was opened has been attributed to friction, which initiated a mixture of peroxide and organic dust in the cap threads [Lappin, G. R., Chem. Eng. News, 1948, 26, p.3518]. A violent explosion occurred during purification of the peroxide by Soxhlet extraction with hot chloroform [Anon., Sichere Chemiearb., 1976, 28, p. 49]. It is a powerful oxidizer, which ignites readily and burns rapidly. In contact with reducing agents, it may ignite by spontaneous chemical reaction. It must be kept in a cool place, in isolation and out of the sunlight or sources of heat. Also, avoid shock or friction. It reacts violently with inorganic or organic acids, alcohols, amines, metallic naphthenates and polymerization accelerators (e.g., N,N-dimethylaniline). Explosive or violent reaction upon contact with dimethyl sulfide, lithium aluminum hydride or aniline [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 1140]. Mixture with carbon tetrachloride and ethylene explodes when exposed to heat [Bolt, R. O. et al., Chem. Eng. News, 1947, 25, p. 1866]. Ignition occurred upon contact with methyl methacrylate [MCA Case History No. 996], polymerization of vinyl acetate in ethyl acetate accelerated out of control leading to ignition and explosion [Vervalin, 1973, p. 81]. At 50 °C a mixture of dibenzoyl peroxide and charcoal reacts violently producing dense white smoke of benzoic acid, benzene, phenyls and carbon dioxide [Leleu, Cahiers, 1980, 99, p. 279].

Incompatible materials: Alcohols, metals.

A reaction of ethylene, carbon tetrachloride and benzoyl peroxide caused an explosion.

Benzoyl peroxide was weighted into a stainless steel beaker that had been rinsed previously with methyl methacrylate. The peroxide catalyzed polymerization of the methacrylate and the build-up of heat was sufficient to ignite the remainder of the peroxide.

While a bottle of benzoyl peroxide was being opened, it exploded. Organic matter may have been entrapped in the threads of the bottle. When cap was unscrewed, friction caused explosion.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for Dibenzoyl peroxide (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Combustible substances (wood, paper, etc.), acids, alkalis, alcohols, amines, ethers [Note: Containers may explode when heated. Extremely explosion-sensitive to shock, heat & friction.]

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Benzoyl peroxide forms colorless to white crystals or a granular powder. It is used as a bleaching agent for flour, fats, oils, and waxes; polymerization catalyst; drying agent for unsaturated oils; pharmaceutical and cosmetic purposes; rubber vulcanization without sulfur; burnout agent for acetate yarns; production of cheese; and embossing vinyl flooring (proprietary). Its principal medical use is in the treatment of mild acne vulgaris (in which it is comedolytic) and acne rosacea, but it also is used in the treatment of decubital and stasis ulcers. HUMAN STUDIES: The only complications were contact irritant dermatitis in 3% and contact allergic dermatitis in 2% of patients treated with benzoyl peroxide. Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, and sensitization dermatitis. Concentrations of 12.2 mg/cu m of air and higher resulted in pronounced irritation of the nose and throat. In the occupational setting it has produced allergic contact dermatitis in bakers. Benzoyl peroxide and Cu(I) induced 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) formation in double-stranded DNA more effectively than that in single-stranded DNA. Furthermore, benzoyl peroxide increased the amount of 8-oxodG in human cultured cells. ANIMAL STUDIES: Benzoyl peroxide dust irritates the eyes of rabbits if not washed out within five minutes after being placed in the conjunctival sac. Application of a 10% solution of benzoyl peroxide in propylene glycol to the skin of guinea-pigs resulted in slight to moderate erythema. A single application of either 20 or 40 mg benzoyl peroxide to the skin of mice induced marked hyperplasia and a temporary increase in the number of dark basal keratinocytes. Groups of 25 male and 25 female mice were fed a diet containing different doses of a commercial powder containing 18% benzoyl peroxide (calculated doses of benzoyl peroxide: 0, 28, 280 and 2800 ppm), for 80 weeks, at which time the number of survivors was 3, 10, 0 and 2 male mice and 9, 11, 9, and 11 females; all surviving animals were then killed. A few tumors at various sites were observed, but the overall tumor incidence did not differ significantly between treated and control groups. A group of 20 male rats received subcutaneous injections of 2.9 mg benzoyl peroxide into the right hind leg twice weekly for 12 weeks and were observed for 14 months, at which time all animals were still alive. No malignant tumor was found at the injection site or in internal organs. Benzoyl peroxide was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA1537, TA92, TA94, TA98 or TA100 either in the presence or absence of an exogenous metabolic system. Benzoyl peroxide did not induce polyploidy or chromosomal aberrations in cultured Chinese hamster lung cells. Benzoyl peroxide is a free radical generating compound that acts as a tumor promoter and progressor in mouse skin. Benzoyl peroxide at non-cytotoxic concentration undergoes copper dependent activation to a reactive product to generate 8-OHdG within cultured murine keratinocytes. Peroxides were tested for embryotoxicity in 3-day chicken embryos using the air-chamber method. All peroxides, including benzoyl peroxide, caused malformations at a moderate frequency. A comparison of the mechanism of action of benzoyl peroxide was studied in three different cell lines: NIH 3T3, HDCS and A431. Benzoyl peroxide was found to mediate its effect by inducing poly ADP-ribosylation in all the three cell types studied but to different extents, with histone H1 serving as a common acceptor for poly ADP-ribose. It also stimulated the activities of the antioxidant enzymes CuZn superoxide dismutase and catalase in NIH 3T3 and HDCS cells, but not in A431. Alterations in the expression of c-jun and c-fos were observed in NIH 3T3 and A431 cells. Benzoyl peroxide appeared to mediate its effect via genetic and epigenetic mechanisms.

Topical benzoyl peroxide should not be taken by mouth; indications are strictly limited to topical use. In case of ingestion, patients should call 911, contact the poison control center (1-800-222-1222), or report to the nearest emergency department. There are no known antidotes for this medication.

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of benzoyl peroxide. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of benzoyl peroxide. Overall evaluation: Benzoyl peroxide is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

Benzoyl peroxide

Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Volume 36: (1985) Allyl Compounds, Aldehydes, Epoxides and Peroxides

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Volume 71: (1999) Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3)

◉ Summary of Use during Lactation

Topical benzoyl peroxide has not been studied during breastfeeding. Because only about 5% is absorbed following topical application, it is considered a low risk to the nursing infant. Ensure that the infant's skin does not come into direct contact with the areas of skin that have been treated. Only water-miscible cream or gel products should be applied to the breast because ointments may expose the infant to high levels of mineral paraffins via licking.

◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants

Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.

◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

irritation eyes, skin, mucous membrane; sensitization dermatitis

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

The most common adverse effect of benzoyl peroxide is its bleaching quality, potentially causing the discoloration of colored fabrics and hair bleaching. At higher concentrations, topical benzoyl peroxide causes mild dryness, erythema, and scaling. There are also case reports of contact dermatitis in a small percentage of patients, which should arouse suspicion in patients who develop marked erythema and irritation at the treatment site. In such instances, the prudent course of action is stopping benzoyl peroxide.

Drug-Drug Interactions

* Patients should avoid concomitant use of topical sulfone products (eg, dapsone) with topical benzoyl peroxide as it reportedly causes skin and facial hair yellowing.

* Patients should avoid concomitant use of topical hydroquinone with topical benzoyl peroxide as it may result in increased skin irritation and transient staining of the epidermis.

* Concomitant use of oral isotretinoin with topical benzoyl peroxide has been reported to result in increased skin irritation and dryness.

* Patients should avoid concurrent application of topical benzoyl peroxide with topical tretinoin as it decreases tretinoin's efficacy. Unlike tretinoin, adapalene is resistant to oxidation by benzoyl peroxide and is an acceptable combination product.

* Concomitant use of topical anesthetics with topical benzoyl peroxide reportedly decreases the efficacy of anesthetics. For optimal results, the recommendation is to thoroughly wash the treatment area before applying topical anesthetics.

LC50 (mice) = 7,000 mg/m3/4H

LD50 Mouse ip 206-242 mg/kg body weight

LD50 Mouse oral 5700 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 7710 mg/kg

In this communication, we report that iron overload augments benzoyl peroxide (BPO)-mediated tumor promotion in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-initiated mouse skin. Female albino Swiss mice were overloaded with iron and tumors were initiated by applying a single topical application of DMBA. A week after the initiation, promoting agent, BPO, was applied three times/week for 46 weeks. The appearance of the first tumor (papilloma) and the number of tumors/mouse were recorded. When compared to the control group, the iron-overloaded mice showed an increased incidence of tumors at various time intervals. In iron-overloaded animals, tumors appeared earlier and also the number of tumors/mouse was significantly higher. These data could be correlated with the iron levels of mouse skin in the two groups. Further, BPO-mediated induction in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and [(3)H]thymidine incorporation in cutaneous DNA were higher in the iron overload group. In addition, in iron-overloaded mice, cutaneous lipid peroxidation (LPO) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) activities were higher, whereas catalase activity was reduced. Similar to papilloma induction, a significant increase in carcinoma yield and incidence was observed in iron-overloaded animals. Based on this study, we propose that iron overload significantly increases the tumor promotion and progression potential of BPO. We suggest that oxidative stress generated by iron overload is responsible for the augmentation of BPO-mediated cutaneous tumorigenesis.

Dermatophyte infections can be polymicrobial. Topical antifungal therapies offer limited coverage of yeasts and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, the increased usage of these topical antimicrobial agents has resulted in the development of resistant cases. Benzoyl peroxide (BP), used in concert with antimicrobial agents containing an accessible tertiary amine, has previously been shown to increase radical activity and biological effect. /The study objective was/ to determine the applicability of using the tertiary amine terbinafine in concert with BP in dermatophyte and mixed skin infections by means of in vitro testing. In this preliminary in vitro study, the effect of BP, alone and in combination with terbinafine, was tested against Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus isolates following a checkerboard modification of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-A2 and M7-A6. The individual minimum inhibitory concentrations of terbinafine, BP, and the combination, were determined against each isolate. The combination of BP with terbinafine led to additive activities against the majority of Candida albicans isolates tested and additionally expanded the bacterial coverage of terbinafine. The combination of antifungal agents bearing a tertiary amine with BP may have benefit in polymicrobial infections, given its wider antimicrobial coverage. Further appreciation of this mechanism of catalysis of BP radical formation by certain antimicrobials and other tertiary amine-containing compounds may lead to the discovery of improved treatments for several dermatological conditions.

The current study evaluates the efficacy of Balsamodendron mukul Hook ex. Stocks, an indigenous plant, in the modulation of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) treated and ultraviolet (UV) light irradiated tumor promotional events. BPO is a well-known tumor promoter while UV radiations are capable of acting as complete carcinogens. Treatment of the dorsal portions of the mice skins with BPO (20 mg/0.2 mL/animal) and subsequent UV irradiation (0.420 J/sq m/s) caused a significant depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), it's metabolizing and phase II enzymes (p < 0.01). Also, down regulation of the activities of antioxidant enzymes and up regulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity and enhancement in the synthesis of DNA, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) was observed. However, topical pretreatment with the extract of B. mukul not only restored the content of GSH, MDA and H(2)O(2) but it also recovered the activities of above-mentioned enzymes (p < 0.05) and prevented synthesis of DNA (p < 0.05) significantly. Although the lower dose was not very effective, the higher dose showed promising results against oxidative stress and hyperproliferative response of BPO and UVB radiations. From the present data we conclude that B. mukul is potentially strong enough to modulate the events of skin tumor promotion.

The chemopreventive potential of cycloartenol on benzoyl peroxide and UVB radiation-induced cutaneous tumor promotion markers and oxidative stress in murine skin is assessed. Benzoyl peroxide treatment (20 mg/animal/0.2 mL acetone) and UVB radiation (0.420 J/sq m/s) caused a decrease in the activities of cutaneous antioxidant enzymes namely, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phase II metabolizing enzyme such as glutathione-S-transferase and quinone reductase and depletion in the level of cutaneous glutathione. There was also enhancement in cutaneous microsomal lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase activity, [(14)C]-ornithine decarboxylase activity and [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation into cutaneous DNA. Cycloartenol was topically applied prior to the application of benzoyl peroxide at dose levels of 0.2 mg and 0.4 mg/kg body weight in acetone, which resulted in significant inhibition of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and DNA synthesis (P < 0.001). There was also significant reduction of lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase activity (P < 0.001). In addition, the depleted levels of glutathione, inhibited activities of antioxidant and phase II metabolizing enzymes, were also recovered to a significant level (P < 0.001). The data indicate that cycloartenol is an effective chemopreventive agent in skin carcinogenesis.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for Dibenzoyl peroxide (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic peroxides/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic peroxides/

Dibenzoyl peroxide's production and use as an initiator for polymerization of acrylates (including dental cements and restoratives) and other polymers; as a bleaching agent for flour, fats, oils, waxes and milk used in the preparation of certain cheeses; in medications for the topical treatment of acne; in rubber curing; and as a finishing agent for some acetate yarns may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 7.0X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates dibenzoyl peroxide will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase dibenzoyl peroxide will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.5 days. Particulate-phase dibenzoyl peroxide will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. Dibenzoyl peroxide absorbs light at a maximum of 275 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, dibenzoyl peroxide is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 92. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. Dibenzoyl peroxide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 84% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 3 weeks indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process. If released into water, dibenzoyl peroxide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 16 and 120 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 89 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Hydrolysis half-lives at pH 7 and 8 have been estimated to be 2 minutes and 13 seconds, respectively. Occupational exposure to dibenzoyl peroxide may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dibenzoyl peroxide is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to dibenzoyl peroxide via inhalation of vapors, and dermal contact with consumer products containing dibenzoyl peroxide. (SRC)

Dibenzoyl peroxide is of anthropogenic origin(SRC), and is not known to occur as a natural product(1).

Dibenzoyl peroxide's production and use as an initiator for polymerization of acrylates (including dental cements and restoratives) and other polymers; as a bleaching agent for flour, fats, oils, waxes and milk used in the preparation of certain cheeses; in medications for the topical treatment of acne; in rubber curing; and as a finishing agent for some acetate yarns(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 92(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dibenzoyl peroxide is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dibenzoyl peroxide from moist soil surfaces is expected(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Dibenzoyl peroxide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 7.0X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). A 84% of Theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(3) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 92(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dibenzoyl peroxide is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 16 and 120 days, respectively(SRC). Dibenzoyl peroxide is expected to undergo hydrolysis rapidly with estimated half-lives of 2 minutes and 13 seconds at respective pH values of 7 and 8(2). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 89(SRC), from its log Kow of 3.46(5) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. A 84% of Theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(6) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dibenzoyl peroxide, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 7.0X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dibenzoyl peroxide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.5 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.6X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). Particulate-phase dibenzoyl peroxide may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Dibenzoyl peroxide, dissolved in dioxane, absorbs light at a maximum of 275 nm and absorption continues up to about 320 nm(3); therefore, the compound may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Dibenzoyl peroxide, present at 100 mg/L, reached 84% of its Theoretical BOD in 3 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dibenzoyl peroxide with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.6X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4.5 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 54,330 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(1); this corresponds to half-lives of 2 minutes and 13 seconds at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(1). Dibenzoyl peroxide, dissolved in dioxane, absorbs light at a maximum of 275 nm, which continues up to about 320 nm(2); therefore, dibenzoyl peroxide may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The main causes of unintended decompositions of organic peroxides are heat energy from heating sources and mechanical shock, i.e., impact or friction. In addition, certain contaminants, i.e., metal salts, amines, acids, and bases, initiate or accelerate organic peroxide decompositions at temperatures at which the peroxide is normally stable. These reactions also liberate heat, thus further accelerating the decomposition. Commercial products often contain diluents that desensitize neat peroxides to these hazards. Commercial organic peroxide decompositions are low order deflagrations rather than detonations. /Organic peroxides/

An estimated BCF of 89 was calculated in fish for dibenzoyl peroxide(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.46(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of dibenzoyl peroxide can be estimated to be 92(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that dibenzoyl peroxide is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for dibenzoyl peroxide is estimated as 3.5X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dibenzoyl peroxide is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 16 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 120 days(SRC). Dibenzoyl peroxide's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Dibenzoyl peroxide is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 7.0X10-5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(1).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 6 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of dibenzoyl peroxide in the United States may be as low as 10 workers but fewer than 100 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 87,420 workers (11,192 of these are female) were potentially exposed to dibenzoyl peroxide in the US(1). Occupational exposure to benzoyl peroxide may occur through inhalation of dust and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dibenzoyl peroxide is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to dibenzoyl peroxide via inhalation of vapors, and dermal contact with consumer products containing dibenzoyl peroxide(SRC).

Dibenzoyl peroxide is listed as an ingredient in 12 home use products including home maintenance, inside the home, landscape/yard and personal care products(1).

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Pretreatment involves decomposition with sodium hydroxide. The final solution of sodium benzoate, which is very biodegradable, may be flushed into the drain. Disposal of large quantities of solution may require pH adjustment before release into the sewer or controlled incineration after mixing with a non-combustible material.

Wear nitrile rubber gloves, laboratory coat, and eye protection. Work in the fume hood or behind safety shield. Stir the dampened benzoyl peroxide with 10% sodium hydroxide solution (10 mL for each 1 g of peroxide) for 24 hours. The resultant sodium benzoate may be poured into the drain with at least 50 times its volume of water. Alternatively, react the dampened benzoyl peroxide with a solution of sodium or potassium iodide in acid. Gradually, and while stirring, add 1.0 g of peroxide to a solution of sodium iodide (1.4 g) or potassium iodide (1.5 g) in 28 mL of glacial acetic acid. The solution darkens rapidly due to formation of iodine. Allow to stand for 30 minutes. Add solid sodium metabisulfite until the solution is colorless. Wash the solution into the drain.

/GUIDE 145 ORGANIC PEROXIDES (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: May explode from heat or contamination. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. /Organic peroxide type D, solid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, solid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/

/GUIDE 145 ORGANIC PEROXIDES (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)/ Health: Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with substance may cause severe injury or burns. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Organic peroxide type D, solid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, solid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/

/GUIDE 145 ORGANIC PEROXIDES (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. /Organic peroxide type D, solid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, solid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/

/GUIDE 145 ORGANIC PEROXIDES (Heat and Contamination Sensitive)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Organic peroxide type D, solid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, solid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Dibenzoyl peroxide (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 3102; Organic peroxide type B, solid

UN 3104; Organic peroxide type C, solid

UN 3106; Organic peroxide type D, solid

UN 3107; Organic peroxide type E, liquid

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for Dibenzoyl peroxide (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

49 191 15; Benzoyl peroxide (benzoyl peroxide crystals, granules or powders, wet with not less than 30% water)

49 191 10; Benzoyl peroxide (benzoyl peroxide, dry or wet with less than 30% water)

49 191 18; Benzoyl peroxide, (more than 77% but less than 95% with water)

49 191 17; Benzoyl peroxide, (not less than 30% but not more than 52% with inert solid)

49 191 16; Benzoyl peroxide, (not more than 72% as a paste)

49 191 14; Benzoyl peroxide, (not more than 77% with water)

49 191 13; Benzoyl peroxide, (technically pure or) benzoyl peroxide, (more than 52% with inert solid)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Organic peroxide type C, solid; organic peroxide type D, solid; organic peroxide type E, liquid; organic peroxide type E, solid; and organic peroxide type F, liquid are included on the dangerous goods list. /Organic peroxide type C, solid; Organic peroxide type D, solid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, solid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Organic peroxide type B, solid; organic peroxide type C, solid; organic peroxide type D, solid; organic peroxide type E, liquid; organic peroxide type E, solid; and organic peroxide type F, liquid are included on the dangerous goods list. /Organic peroxide type B, solid; Organic peroxide type C, solid; Organic peroxide type D, solid; Organic peroxide type E, liquid; Organic peroxide type E, solid; Organic peroxide type F, liquid/

Organic Peroxide

Symbol: E, Xi; R: 2-36-43; S: (1/2)-3/7-14-36/37/39

UN Hazard Class: 5.2; UN Pack Group: II