O-Cresol

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

P260, P262, P264, P270, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (100%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H412 (12%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 3030 reports by companies from 24 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Warning: Effects may be delayed. Caution is advised. Vital signs should be monitored closely.

Signs and Symptoms of Acute o-Cresol Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to o-cresol may include a weak pulse, hypotension (low blood pressure), tachycardia (rapid heart rate), cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiac failure. Tachypnea (rapid respiratory rate), pulmonary edema, and respiratory arrest or failure may be noted. Weakness, headache, dizziness, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), shock, and delirium are common. Seizures may occur and are often followed by coma. Pallor, sweating, dilated pupils, and a profound drop in body temperature may also be found. Gastrointestinal effects include nausea, abdominal pain, bloody vomitus, and bloody diarrhea. Renal insufficiency may lead to hematuria (bloody urine). o-Cresol is corrosive to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Contact may result in severe and painful burns, which promptly become anesthetized (numb) to touch and pain. Ulceration may occur.

Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to o-cresol may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination.

Inhalation Exposure:

1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to o-cresol.

2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

4. Transport to a health care facility.

Dermal/Eye Exposure:

1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to o-cresol.

3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible.

4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.

5. Wash exposed skin areas with undiluted polyethylene glycol 300 or 400. If polyethylene glycol is unavailable, use water. Follow initial polyethylene glycol or water wash with a second (water) wash.

6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

7. Transport to a health care facility.

Ingestion Exposure:

1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support.

2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures.

3. Immediately give conscious and alert victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Do not exceed 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup).

4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water.

5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults.

6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Fight fire from a maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; don't scatter the material. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site.

Water to blanket the fire and dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide to extinguish the flames. Extinguish small fires with dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. For large fires use water spray, fog, or foam. Move container from fire area if you can do so without risk. (EPA, 1998)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Wear goggles & self-contained breathing apparatus.

Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for o-CRESOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

...Vapors will seek out low-lying areas where they can accumulate.

Sealed closed containers can build up pressure if exposed to heat (fire).

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: chemical protection suit and filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Accidental release measures. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust.; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Optimum conditions for removing cresol from wastewater with Lewatit MP 500 (a strong-base, large-pore, polystyrene-based anion exchange resin) were pH 6, 30 °C, and a flow rate of 1 l/hr, and when removing cresol from 10 mg/l solutions, the capacity of the exchanger was 0.46 equiv/l.

Approach release from upwind. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

Environmental considerations - Water spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for o-CRESOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers F004, U052 and D023, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Chemical Treatability of o-Cresol; Concentration Process: Biological Treatment; Chemical Classification: Phenols; Scale of Study: Unknown; Type of Wastewater Used: Pure (one solute in a solvent); Results of Study: 95% reduction based on chemical oxygen demand; rate of biodegradation 54 mg chemical oxygen demand/g hr. (Activated sludge process).

Chemical Treatability of o-Cresol; Concentration Process: Solvent Extraction; Chemical Classification: Phenols; Scale of Study: Laboratory Scale, continuous flow; Type of Wastewater Used: Industrial wastewater; Results of Study: 90% reduction (Extraction of evaporator condensate from spent caustic processing using isobutylene (S/W= 1.8); spray extractor used).

Chemical Treatability of o-Cresol; Concentration Process: Solvent Extraction; Chemical Classification: Phenols; Scale of Study: Laboratory Scale, continuous flow; Type of Wastewater Used: Industrial wastewater; Results of Study: 99.9% reduction (Sequential extraction of wastewater from lube-oil refining using butyl acetate (S/W= 0.30) and isobutylene (S/W= 0.101); RDC extractor used).

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for o-CRESOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for o-CRESOL (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Air and light sensitive. Keep in a dry place.

Avoid loading together with explosives, oxidizing materials and organic peroxides.

Protect from light.

Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated location. Separate from oxidizing materials.

For more Storage Conditions (Complete) data for o-CRESOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TWA 2.3 ppm (10 mg/m3)

22.0 [mg/m3]

TWA 5 ppm (22 mg/m3) [skin]

250 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

See: cresol

20.0 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction and vapor

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 20 mg/cu m (inhalable fraction and vapor), skin. /Cresol, all isomers/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Cresol, all isomers/

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Cresol, all isomers/

4,5 mg/m

Intermediate Oral: 0.1 mg/kg/day (L134)

Chronic Oral: 0.1 mg/kg/day (L134)

Australia: 5 ppm, skin (1990); Federal Republic of Germany: 5 ppm, short-term level 10 ppm, 5 min, 8 times per shift, skin (1990); United Kingdom: 5 ppm, skin (1991). /Cresol, all isomers/

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation may cause lung oedema, but only after initial corrosive effects on eyes and/or airways have become manifest. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. This may result in lowering of consciousness. The substance may cause effects on the blood. This may result in destruction of blood cells. Exposure far above the OEL could cause death. Medical observation is indicated.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. The substance may have effects on the nervous system. This may result in impaired functions. The substance may have effects on the blood. This may result in anaemia.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for o-Cresol:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Provide:

• EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

• QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

The nose and mouth should be protected with a respirator or folded gauze, and the eyes with tight-fitting goggles. Protective clothing, including rubber (not cotton) gloves, should be worn. Clothing should be removed immediately if contaminated by spillage. All clothing worn during one spraying operation should be laundered before re-use.

The use of respirators to achieve compliance with the recommended exposure limits is permitted only: (a) during the time necessary to install or test the required engineering controls, and (b) during emergencies or during nonroutine operations, such as maintenance or repair activities, when the concentration of airborne cresol may exceed the permissible environmental limit.

In the factory it is necessary to take ... precautions in handling cresol. Rubber clothes & articles ... can ... give effective protection.

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for o-CRESOL (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Up to 23 ppm:

(APF = 10) Any air-purifying half-mask respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with an N95, R95, or P95 filter. The following filters may also be used: N99, R99, P99, N100, R100, P100.

Click here for information on selection of N, R, or P filters.

(APF = 10) Any supplied-air respirator

Up to 57.5 ppm:

(APF = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode

(APF = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge in combination with a high-efficiency particulate filter.

Up to 115 ppm:

(APF = 50) Any air-purifying full-facepiece respirator equipped with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with an N100, R100, or P100 filter.

(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister having an N100, R100, or P100 filter.

(APF = 50) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a high-efficiency particulate filter*

O-cresol appears as colorless or yellow to brown-yellow or pinkish colored liquid with a phenol-like odor. Toxic by ingestion and/or skin absorption. May have a flash point between 100 and 199 °F. Causes burns to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Insoluble in water.

Other Solid; Liquid

Solid or liquid with a phenolic odor; Darkens with age and exposure to light and air; mp = 30 deg C; [Merck Index] Colorless solid; [ICSC] Colorless, yellow to yellowish-brown, or pink liquid; [CAMEO] White powder; [Sigma-Aldrich MSDS]

COLOURLESS CRYSTALS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR. TURNS DARK ON EXPOSURE TO AIR AND LIGHT.

Colourless to pale brown crystals

White crystals with a sweet, tarry odor. [Note: A liquid above 88 °F.]

Crystals in liquid becoming dark with age and exposure to light and air

White crystals [Note: A liquid above 88 degrees F]

Colorless, yellowish, or pinkish crystals

Phenolic odor

Sweet, tarry odor

376 °F at 760 mmHg (EPA, 1998)

191.0 °C

191.00 to 192.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

88 °F (EPA, 1998)

177.8 to 181.4 °F (EPA, 1998)

81.0 °C (177.8 °F) - closed cup

178 °F (81 °C) (Closed cup)

81 °C c.c.

less than 1 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 2.59X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C

Soluble in about 40 parts water.

Miscible with ethanol, chloroform and ether. Soluble in solution of the fixed alkali hydroxides.

Miscible with acetone, benzene and carbon tetrachloride

Soluble in vegetable oils

25.9 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 2.5 (moderate)

soluble in water

very soluble (in ethanol)

1.047 at 68 °F (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink

1.047 at 20 °C/4 °C

Density of saturated air at 25 °C = 1.00089 (Air = 1)[

1.05 g/cm³

Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.00

1.041-1.046

3.72 (EPA, 1998) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

3.72 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.7

1 mmHg at 100.76 °F (EPA, 1998)

0.29 [mmHg]

Sensitive to light and air. Insoluble in water.

Phenols and Cresols

O-CRESOL is incompatible with oxidizing agents and bases. Mixing it with chlorosulfonic acid, nitric acid and oleum in a closed contained caused the temperature and pressure to increase. (NTP, 1992)

Incompatible materials: Oxidizing agents

Strong oxidizers, acids.

Strong oxidizers, acids

The CIR Expert panel concludes Sodium p-Chloro-m-Cresol, p-Chloro-m-Cresol, Chlorothymol, m-Cresol, o-Cresol, Isopropyl Cresols, Thymol, o-Cymen-5-ol, Cavacrol are safe at concentrations up to 0.5% in cosmetics; however, the available data are insufficient to support the safety of p-Cresol and Mixed Cresols for use in cosmetic products.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: o-Cresol forms crystals in liquid becoming dark with age and exposure to light and air. It has been used in explosive, petroleum, photographic, paint, and agricultural industries, as an intermediate for the production of pesticides, epoxy resins, dyes and pharmaceuticals, but also as a component of disinfectants and cleaning agents. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: o-Cresol is a respiratory irritant in humans. Eight of 10 subjects exposed to "brief exposure" to a concentrated aerosol of 6 mg/cu m o-Cresol complained of dryness, nasal constriction, and throat irritation. Dose-dependent SCE increases were not observed in cultured human fibroblasts at concentrations up to 8 mM. There was a small but significant increase in SCE frequency compared to control at 8 mM. ANIMAL STUDIES: In an acute dermal toxicity study, technical grade o-cresol caused severe skin damage on at least 2/6 shaved, female, albino rabbits within 4 hours of application of 890 mg/kg . o-Cresol can cause severe local irritation and corrosion following dermal and ocular exposure. Eye irritation can be severe and include corneal opacity. All three cresols isomers are more toxic to mice than to rats when administered by gavage. o-Cresol is the most toxic, followed by p-cresol and then m-cresol. The effects are similar to, but less severe than, those following phenol exposure. Phenol, o- and p-cresol have about equal toxicity in cats while m-cresol is slightly less toxic. An assortment of respiratory effects, including inflammation and irritation of the upper respiratory tract, pulmonary edema, and hemorrhage and perivascular sclerosis in the lungs were seen in animals exposed to 9-50 mg/cu m of o-cresol 2-6 hours/day for 1 month or more. In mice exposed to a mixture of o-cresol aerosol and vapor 2 hr/day, 6 days/week for 1 month no mortality was recorded. Clinical signs of toxicity during the daily exposure periods were limited to signs of respiratory irritation at the start of the exposure, followed by a period of hypoactivity lasting until the end of the exposure. Microscopic examination revealed signs of irritation in the respiratory tract. Other lesions included degeneration of heart muscle, liver, kidney and nerve cells and glial elements of the central nervous system. A detailed oral neurotoxicity study of intermediate duration was performed on rats using all three cresol isomers. A host of clinical observations indicative of neurotoxicity (including hypoactivity, rapid labored respiration, excessive salivation, and tremors) was reported at doses of 50 mg/kg/day or higher for all three isomers. Convulsions were reported at 450 mg/kg/day or higher. o-Cresol appeared to lengthen the estrus cycle in treated female rats and mice. Developmental effects have been reported in animals given cresols, but only at maternally toxic doses. Maternal effects in rats dosed throughout gestation occurred at 450 mg/kg/day. At this dose o-cresol produced slight fetotoxicity, but had no effect on malformation incidence or gestation parameters. In rabbits dosed throughout gestation, maternal effects, such as audible respiration, ocular discharge, and hypoactivity, were seen following exposure to o-cresol at 50 mg/kg/day. At 100 mg/kg/day, o-cresol produced fetotoxicity, but no other effects at any dose. Chromosomal aberrations were induced in Chinese hamster (CHO) cells in both the presence and absence of S9 mix, following treatment with o-cresols. Mice were given a single dermal application of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA), a cancer initiator, followed by application of 20% solutions of o-cresol in benzene twice a week for 12 weeks. Promotion with o-cresol led to increases in the average number of skin papillomas per mouse and the percentage of exposed mice with at least one papilloma. Carcinomas were not observed following cresols exposure, although the observed papillomas have the potential to develop into carcinomas. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Sarotherodon mossambicus (a teleost) was exposed to a sublethal concentration of o-cresol for 30 days and observed to show degenerative changes. LC50 value for 96 hr exposure of 23.5 mg/L. Growth studies have shown that o-cresols are moderately toxic to aquatic bacteria, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and protozoa. Growth inhibition thresholds were 33 mg/L for the bacterium Pseudomonas putida; 6.8 mg/L for the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa; 17 mg/L for the bacterivorous flagellate protozoan Entosiphon sulcatum and 132 mg/L for the saprozoic flagellate protozoan, Chilomonas paramecium.

Target organs of ingested cresols in humans are the blood, kidneys, lungs, liver, heart, and central nervous system. Cresols impair the stratum corneum and produce coagulation necrosis by denaturating and precipitating proteins. They may also induce changes in neurotransmitter levels, affect the activities of some enzymes, increase lipid peroxidation, and change membrane fluidity in the brain. (L528)

2-Methylphenol

5 x 10 ^-2 mg/kg-day

CLASSIFICATION: C; possible human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on an increased incidence of skin papillomas in mice in an initiation-promotion study. The three cresol isomers produced positive results in genetic toxicity studies both alone and in combination. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Limited.

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Cresol, all isomers/

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Cresols breathed, ingested, or applied to the skin at very high levels can be very harmful because they are corrosive substances. Ingestion of high levels results in mouth and throat burns, abdominal pain, vomiting, kidney problems, and effects on the blood and nervous system. Skin contact with high levels of cresols can burn the skin and damage the kidneys, liver, blood, lungs, and brain. Tachycardia, respiratory failure, unconsciousness and death may occur in both cases. Many of these effects may not by caused directly by cresols, but may be a result of secondary reactions to shock caused by external and internal burns. (L482, L528)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion. Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L528) ; inhalation (L528) ; dermal (L528)

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Headache. Nausea. Vomiting. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Blisters. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Burns in mouth and throat. Burning sensation in the throat and chest. Nausea. Vomiting. Abdominal pain. Shock or collapse.

irritation eyes, skin, mucous membrane; central nervous system effects: confusion, depression, resp failure; dyspnea (breathing difficulty), irreg rapid resp, weak pulse; eye, skin burns; dermatitis; lung, liver, kidney, pancreas damage

Ingestion of cresols results in burning of the mouth and throat, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Inhalation or dermal exposure to cresols can produce irritation and corrosion at the site of contact. (L482)

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, liver, kidneys, pancreas, cardiovascular system

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Hemolytic anemia - Decreased hemoglobin or number of red blood cells.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

2 x 10^-1 mg/kg-day

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

IRIS Current

PPRTV Current

LC50 (rat) > 1,220 mg/m3/1hr

LD50: 344 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) (T13)

LD50: 179 mg/m3 (Inhalation, Mouse) (T13)

LD50: 620 mg/kg (Dermal, Mouse) (T13)

LD50 Rat dermal 620 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 1.35 g/kg

LD50 Cat subcutaneous injection 55 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse iv 1,470 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for o-CRESOL (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Following oral exposure, immediately dilute with 4 to 8 ounces (120 to 240 mL) of water or milk (not to exceed 4 ounces/120 mL in a child). Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider endoscopy to determine the extent of injury. In case of hypotension, infuse isotonic fluid. If hypotension persists, administer dopamine or norepinephrine. In case of hypertension, monitor vital signs regularly. For mild/moderate asymptomatic hypertension (no end organ damage), pharmacologic treatment is generally not necessary. Following inhalation, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. In case of acute lung injury, maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gas or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed. Following eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. Following dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines. (T36)

Effect of ethanol, cimetidine, and propranolol on toluene metabolism in humans /is discussed/. ... The results indicate that ethanol may prolong the time interval in which toluene is retained in the human body in persons simultaneously exposed to ethanol and toluene. When using o-cresol or hippuric acid in biological monitoring of persons occupationally exposed to toluene, the consumption of ethanol should be considered.

LC50; Species: Chironomus thumni (Midge); Conditions: static, 20 °C, pH 7; Concentration: 34 mg/L for 48 hr /from table/

LC50; Species: Asellus aquaticus (Aquatic sowbug); Conditions: static, 20 °C, pH 7; Concentration: 23 mg/L for 48 hr /from table/

LC50; Species: Crangon septemspinosa (Sand shrimp) size 3.8 cm; Conditions: static renewal, 10 °C; Concentration: 14.2 mg/L for 59 hr /from table/

LC50; Species: Gammarus pulex (Scud); Conditions: static, 20 °C, pH 7; Concentration: 21 mg/L for 48 hr /from table/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for o-CRESOL (32 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ The toxicity of o-cresol to mink (Mustela vison) and European ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) was evaluated through dietary LC50 and reproduction tests. Twenty-eight-day LC50 tests with each species resulted in no overt signs of toxicity or mortalities, with the highest dietary concentrations being 2,520 ppm for mink and 4,536 ppm for ferrets. Mink were more sensitive to o-cresol than were ferrets, based on feed consumption, body weight data and hematologic parameters. Both species routinely consumed in excess of the estimated oral LD50 in an average day's feed consumption at the highest dietary concentration. Mink in a reproduction test exhibited no significant adverse effects at dietary concentrations as high as 1,600 ppm over 6 months.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Sarotherodon mossambicus /a teleost/ was exposed to a sublethal concentrationn of o-cresol ... for 30 days was observed to show degenerative changes. LC50 value for 96 hr /exposure/ of 23.5 mg/L. ... Pathological changes ... were: vacuolation, necrosis, interzonal separation, blood capillary dilation, and fibrosis in the optic tectum when compared with control fish brain.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Growth studies have shown that /o-/cresols are moderately toxic to aquatic bacteria, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and protozoa. Growth inhibition thresholds ... /were 33 mg/L/ for the bacterium Pseudomonas putida ... 6.8 mg/L for the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa ... 17 mg/L for the bacteriovorous flagellate protozoan Entosiphon sulcatum and ... 132 mg/L for the saprozoic flagellate protozoan, Chilomonas paramecium.

3.20e+03

4.10e+04

6.30e+02

2.60e+03

9.30e+02

1.30e+03

7.50e-01

5.00e-02

6.00e-01

Volatile

9.50e+03

1.20e+05

1.90e+03

7.90e+03

2.80e+03

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

o-Cresol production and use as a chemical intermediate in the production of a wide variety of compounds and as a solvent and disinfectant may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use as an inert ingredient in pesticides for non-food uses will result in its direct release to the environment. o-Cresol is released to the environment through automobile exhaust, coal tar and petroleum refining, wood pulping and tobacco smoke. Cresols are widely distributed in nature and formed as metabolites of microbial activity and excreted in the urine of mammals. o-Cresol is found in many species of plants and occurs in coal, petroleum and as a constituent in wood. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.18 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates o-cresol will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase o-cresol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 9 hours. Vapor-phase o-cresol will also be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with nitrate radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3 minutes. The nitrate radical is the dominant atmospheric oxidant during the night-time in most atmospheric environments, therefore, night-time degradation appears to be a major atmospheric loss process for o-cresol. o-Cresol absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. o-Cresol has been detected in rain water indicating it may be removed from the air by wet deposition. If released to soil, o-cresol is expected to have very high to moderate mobility based upon a measured Koc of 22-246. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. o-Cresol may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Various screening studies have found o-cresol to be readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions in soil and water. One soil study observed o-cresol half-lives of 1.6 and 5.1 days in 2 agricultural soils. If released into water, o-cresol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water column based upon the Koc value. o-Cresol is expected to biodegrade in water based on aerobic screening tests and on a reported half-lives of 50 days in southern California coastal waters and of 20 days in contaminated groundwater. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 32 and 235 days, respectively. A BCF of 10.7 measured in zebrafish suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. o-Cresol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis since it lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. An o-cresol photooxidation half-life of 11 days was observed under June sunlight in natural water 1 meter deep. Occupational exposure to o-cresol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where o-cresol is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate the general population may be exposed to o-cresol via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food, and dermal contact with consumer products containing o-cresol. (SRC)

Cresols are widely distributed in nature and formed as metabolites of microbial activity and excreted in the urine of mammals(1). Cresols are formed from the commonly found amino acid tyrosine, and occur naturally in human and animal tissues, fluids, and urine(2). Cresol in its various forms is found in the extracts and water vapor distillates of many plants, e.g. in jasmine flower oil, cassia flower oil, easter lily oil, and ylang ylang oil, in the floral oil of Yucca gloriosa, in the scent of Viola odorata, in peppermint, eucalyptus, and camphor oil, and in the essential oils of several plants of the genus Artemisia, of conifers, of oak wood, and of sandalwood(1). o-Cresol occurs in coal, petroleum and as a constituent in wood(3). o-Cresol has been identified in the volatile components of smoldering biomass(4).

o-Cresol's production and use as a chemical intermediate in the production of a wide variety of compounds and as a solvent and disinfectant(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use an inert ingredient in pesticides for non-food uses(2) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC). o-Cresol is released to the environment through automobile exhaust, coal tar and petroleum refining, wood pulping(3,4) and tobacco smoke(1).

Automobile exhaust, roadway runoff ... petroleum distillates, fuels, perfumes, oils, lubricants, metal cleaning, and scouring cmpd ...

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a measured Koc range of 22-246(2-5) indicates that o-cresol is expected to have very high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of o-cresol from moist soil surfaces is expected to occur(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(6). o-Cresol may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.18 mm Hg at 25 °C(7). Various screening studies have found o-cresol to be readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions(2). One soil study observed o-cresol half-lives of 1.6 and 5.1 days in 2 agricultural soils(8).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a measured Koc range of 22-246(2-5) indicates that o-cresol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(6) based upon a estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(7). Volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 32 and 235 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(8), a BCF of 10.7 measured in zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Various screening studies have found o-cresol to be readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions(2). Biodegradation half-lives of 50 days in southern California coastal waters(9) and 20 days in gasoline contaminated groundwater(10) have been reported. o-Cresol is a phenol and phenols in surface waters exposed to sunlight react with photo-oxidants (such as hydroxyl radicals, peroxy radicals and singlet oxygen) with a half-life on the order of 13 days(11). An o-cresol photooxidation half-life of 11 days was observed under June sunlight in natural water 1 meter deep(2). o-Cresol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(6).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), o-cresol, which has a vapor pressure of 0.18 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase o-cresol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 9 hours(SRC) from its rate constant of 4.32X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 21 °C(3). Vapor-phase o-cresol is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with nitrate radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3 minutes(SRC) from its rate constant of 1.56X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). The nitrate radical is the dominant atmospheric oxidant during the night-time in most atmospheric environments(4), therefore, night-time degradation appears to be a major atmospheric loss process for o-cresol(SRC). o-Cresol absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). o-Cresol has been detected in rain water(6,7) indicating it may be removed from the air by deposition(SRC).

AEROBIC: o-Cresol biodegrades rapidly in screening studies using soil, sewage, activated sludge, or municipal wastewater inocula(1-8). Acclimation is frequently not necessary(1-3,6-8). o-Cresol was completely degraded in river water in 2 and 7 days at 20 and 4 °C, respectively(9). In a field study, water from a down gradient well below a coal distillation plant showed a 76% concentration reduction (after corrections for dispersion were made) compared with near surface water(10). o-Cresol is reported to degrade in soil but no rates were given(11). The disproportionate decrease in concn of o-cresol in groundwater down-gradient from a wood preserving facility has been ascribed to biodegradation(12). o-Cresol was completely degraded in 20 days using groundwater obtained from a gasoline-contaminated aquifer incubated under aerobic conditions(13). The half-life of o-cresol in southern California coastal waters was reported as 50 days(14). Pure cultures isolated from reed-sedge peat bogs completely degraded o-cresol during a 48 hour incubation period(15). The first-order aerobic biodegradation rate constant of o-cresol was reported as 0.0023/day(16), corresponding to a half-life of about 305 days(SRC). Biodegradation half-lives of 1.6 and 5.1 days were reported for 2 agricultural soils(17).

AEROBIC: In a December 2012 publication, o-cresol was judged to be readily biodegradable based measured biodegradability of analogue compounds using the Japanese MITI test(1). Using OECD Guideline 302B (Inherent biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens/EMPA Test) and adapted activated sludge inoculum, o-cresol had 90% degradation in 4 days and 100% removal in 7 days(2). Using OECD Guideline 301C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I)), o-cresol had >80 to <95% in 20-40 days of incubation classifying the compound as readily biodegradable(2). An aerobic study using acclimated activated sludge identified 3-methylcatechol, 4-methylresorcinol and methylhydroquinone as biodegradation products(2).

ANAEROBIC: No mineralization was observed when o-cresol was incubated with two digester sludge samples for 8 weeks under anaerobic conditions(1), nor was there any mineralization in 29 weeks when incubated with anaerobic freshwater sediment(1). o-Cresol was not biodegraded in an anaerobic digester sludge over a 10 week incubation period(2). In-situ microcosms installed in landfill leachate plumes under anaerobic conditions resulted in no biodegradation of o-cresol during a 60 day incubation period(3). o-Cresol was completely degraded in creosote contaminated groundwater in 95 days (lag time, 70 days) at 10 °C and 39 days (lag time, 30 days) at 20 °C under nitrate reducing conditions(4). An anaerobic study using sludge from 12 treatment plants found that o-cresol, at 30-50 mg/L concentrations, had 0% CH4 evolution after 8 weeks of incubation(5).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of o-cresol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 4.32X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 21 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 9 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of o-cresol with atmospheric ozone has been measured as 2.54X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec at 23 °C(1); this corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 45 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of o-cresol with atmospheric nitrate radicals has been measured as 1.56X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1); this corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3 minutes(SRC) at an atmospheric concentration of 2.5X10+8 nitrate radicals per cu cm(3). The nitrate radical (NO3) is the dominant atmospheric oxidant during the night-time in most atmospheric environments(4), therefore, night-time degradation appears to be a major atmospheric loss process for o-cresol(SRC). O-Cresol absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). o-Cresol is a phenol and phenols in surface waters exposed to sunlight react with photo-oxidants (such as hydroxyl radicals, peroxy radicals and singlet oxygen) with a half-life on the order of 13 days(6). Photooxidation tests using natural waters found o-cresol to have half-lives of 11 days under June sunlight in the top meter of water, 60 hours under continuous sunlight conditions at 20 °C and 1-meter depth and 24-hours under continuous sunlight conditions at the water surface(7). o-Cresol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(8).

A BCF of 10.7 was measured for o-cresol in zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) according to OECD GL 305E(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

A Koc of 22 was measured for o-cresol in a Brookston clay loam soil(1). The log Koc of o-cresol in river sediment and coal sediment was reported as 1.7 and 1.75, respectively(2), which correspond to Koc values of 50 and 56(SRC). Based on measured Freundlich isotherms for o-cresol in five different horizon soils (organic content of 0.3 to 0.9%)(3), the Koc ranged from 36 to 240 with an average of 147(SRC). An o-cresol Koc of 246 was determined in batch experiments using a sandy soil with an organic content of 1.5%(4). According to a classification scheme(5), these Koc values indicate that o-cresol is expected to have very high to moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for o-cresol is 1.2X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that o-cresol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as approximately 32 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as approximately 235 days(SRC). o-Cresol's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). o-Cresol may volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.18 mm Hg at 25 °C(3).

GROUNDWATER: o-Cresol was detected in groundwater in a sand aquifer at a wood-preserving facility in Pensacola, FL (5 sites, 5 depths) 0-7.10 mg/L(1) and in 2 aquifers under the Hoe Creek underground coal gasification site in Wyoming 15 months after gasification was complete at 63 and 6,600 ppb(2). o-Cresol was identified, not quantified, in 1 well water sample in USA(3). o-Cresol was detected in the Biscayne Aquifer, Fl at a concentration of 390 ug/L(4). Groundwater near an abandoned pine tar manufacturing plant in Gainesville, FL had concentrations of o-cresol at less than 0.3 to 5,200 ug/L(5). o-Cresol was detected in 12% of the samples of groundwater at 5 wood treatment facilities in the US at an average concentration of 1,268 ug/L(6). o-Cresol was detected at concentrations of 29.9 and 4,057 ug/L in groundwater in Ville Mercier, Quebec, Canada(7). o-Cresol was detected in the groundwater at the Gas Works Park, Seattle, WA at concentrations of 0.55 and 2.2 mg/L(8). o-Cresol was detected in a groundwater sample from a coal gasification plant in the US at 192 ppb(9). o-Cresol was detected in groundwater at the American Creosote Works facility in Pensacola, FL at 4.2 mg/L(10). o-Cresol was detected in groundwater near coal gasification plants in Denmark at concentrations of 10-77 ug/L(11).

DRINKING WATER: o-Cresol was identified, not quantified, in drinking water in the US(1-4).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers F004, U052 and D023, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Chemical Treatability of o-Cresol; Concentration Process: Biological Treatment; Chemical Classification: Phenols; Scale of Study: Unknown; Type of Wastewater Used: Pure (one solute in a solvent); Results of Study: 95% reduction based on chemical oxygen demand; rate of biodegradation 54 mg chemical oxygen demand/g hr. (Activated sludge process).

Chemical Treatability of o-Cresol; Concentration Process: Solvent Extraction; Chemical Classification: Phenols; Scale of Study: Laboratory Scale, continuous flow; Type of Wastewater Used: Industrial wastewater; Results of Study: 90% reduction (Extraction of evaporator condensate from spent caustic processing using isobutylene (S/W= 1.8); spray extractor used).

Chemical Treatability of o-Cresol; Concentration Process: Solvent Extraction; Chemical Classification: Phenols; Scale of Study: Laboratory Scale, continuous flow; Type of Wastewater Used: Industrial wastewater; Results of Study: 99.9% reduction (Sequential extraction of wastewater from lube-oil refining using butyl acetate (S/W= 0.30) and isobutylene (S/W= 0.101); RDC extractor used).

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for o-CRESOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Cresols; Cresols, liquid; Cresols, solid; Cresylic acid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Cresols; Cresols, liquid; Cresols, solid; Cresylic acid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Cresols; Cresols, liquid; Cresols, solid; Cresylic acid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Cresols; Cresols, liquid; Cresols, solid; Cresylic acid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for o-CRESOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN2022; Cresylic acid

UN 3455; Cresols, solid

UN 2076; Cresols, liquid

IMO 6.1; Cresols, liquid; Cresols, solid; Cresylic acid

49 314 17; Cresols (o-, m-, and p-)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. /Cresylic acid; Cresols, liquid; Cresols, solid/

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. /Cresylic acid; Cresols, liquid; Cresols, solid/

Poison Corrosive

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Marine pollutant.

Symbol: T, C; R: 24/25-34; S: (1/2)-36/37/39-45; Note: C

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 8; UN Pack Group: II