1,2-dichlorobenzene

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.2% (1 of 546) of reports.

H302+H332 (24.7%): Harmful if swallowed or if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H302 (99.8%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (99.6%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (46.5%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319 (99.6%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332 (41%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (99.1%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H400 (97.4%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (99.6%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 546 reports by companies from 33 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 546 reports by companies.

There are 32 notifications provided by 545 of 546 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

P273, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P210, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash promptly - If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products. Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire.

Wear full protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.). Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Poisonous gases are produced in fire

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, or cement power. Apply "universal" gelling agent to immobilize spill.

Water spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. If dissolved in region of 10 ppm or greater concn apply activated carbon at 10 times the spilled amount. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical drifts or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

1. Remove all ignition sources. 2. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in a safe place (such as a fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear the hood ductwork. Burn the paper in a suitable location away from combustible materials. Large quantities can be reclaimed or collected and atomized in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device.

Approach release from upwind. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for 1,2-DICHLOROBENZENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/month) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U070 & F002, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

... Halogenated compounds may be disposed of by incineration provided they are blended with other compatible wastes or fuels so that the composite contains less than 30% halogens and the heating value is from 7000 to 9000 BTU/1b. Liquid injection, rotary kiln, and fluidized bed incinerators are typically used to destroy liquid halogenated wastes. ... Temperatures of at least 2000 - 2200 °F and residence times /of more than 2 sec/ ... are required for the destruction of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons.

Potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration, with a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C, and a residence time of seconds. Also a potential candidate for liquid injection incineration, with a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C, and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.

Chemical Treatability of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene; Concentration Process: Stripping; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Full Scale, Continuous Flow; Type of Wastewater Used: Domestic Wastewater; Results of Study: 70% reduction by air stripping.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

A complete respiratory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training, maintenance, inspection, cleaning, and evaluation.

Employees who handle liquid o-dichlorobenzene should wash their hands thoroughly with soap, or mild detergent and water before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,2-DICHLOROBENZENE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from aluminium, oxidants and food and feedstuffs.

Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from oxidizing materials.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

182.0 [ppm]

10.0 [ppm]

20 [ppm]

50 [ppm]

200 [ppm]

50 ppm (300 mg/m³)

C 50 ppm (300 mg/m3)

200 ppm (NIOSH, 2024)

200.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on the statement by ACGIH [1971] that 1,000 ppm was fatal to guinea pigs after 20 hours [Browning 1953]. ACGIH [1971] also reported that Cameron et al. [1937] found liver damage in animals after exposure for a few hours at 50 to 800 ppm. . . . Human data: Concentrations up to 100 ppm have been reported to have caused sporadic irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract [Elkins 1959].

See: 95501

25.0 [ppm]

50.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 25 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 50 ppm

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

25 ppm as TWA; 50 ppm as STEL; A4 (not classifiable as a human carcinogen).

25 ppm [1990]

50 ppm [1990]

122 mg/m

Acute Oral: 0.7 mg/kg/day (Rat and Mouse) (L134)

Intermediate Oral: 0.6 mg/kg/day (Rat and Mouse) (L134)

Chronic Oral: 0.3 mg/kg/day (Rat and Mouse) (L134)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCN IN THE USSR IS 20 MG/CU M.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system and liver. Exposure could cause lowering of consciousness.

O-dichlorobenzene appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Denser than water and insoluble in water. Flash point 150 °F. Toxic by inhalation and ingestion. Used to make other chemicals, solvents, fumigants and insecticides and for many other uses.

Colorless to pale-yellow liquid with a pleasant, aromatic odor.(herbicide); [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS-TO-YELLOW LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless to pale-yellow liquid with a pleasant, aromatic odor.

Colorless to pale-yellow liquid with a pleasant, aromatic odor. [herbicide]

Colorless liquid

Colorless to pale-yellow liquid ...

Pleasant odor

... Pleasant, aromatic odor

356.9 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

180.1 °C at 760 mm Hg

180-183 °C

180 °C @760 [mm Hg]

1 °F (NTP, 1992)

-16.7 °C

151 °F (NTP, 1992)

155 °F (Open Cup); 151 °F (Closed Cup)

68 °C, closed cup; 74 °C, open cup

66 °C c.c.

less than 1 mg/mL at 76.1 °F (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with alcohol, ether, benzene.

In water, 156 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water: very poor

1.306 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.3059 g/mL at 20 °C/4 °C

Saturated liquid density 81.45 lb/cu ft @ 70 °F

Saturated vapor density= 0.00065 lb/cu ft @ 70 °F

Relative density (water = 1): 1.3

1.3059 @ 20°C

5.05 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

5.05 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 5.1

1 mmHg at 68 °F ; 1.5 mmHg at 77 °F (NTP, 1992)

1.36 [mmHg]

1.36 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.16

1 mmHg@68 °F, 1.5 mmHg@77 °F

0.75 [mm Hg] @16.3 °C

log Kow = 3.43

Henry's Law constant = 0.0015 atm-cu m/mol at 20 °C

Insoluble in water.

Aryl Halides

O-DICHLOROBENZENE is sensitive to prolonged exposure to light. This chemical can react vigorously with oxidizers. It is incompatible with aluminum and aluminum alloys. It attacks some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings. (NTP, 1992).

Strong oxidizers, aluminum, chlorides, acids, acid fumes.

Slow reaction with aluminum may lead to explosion during storage in a sealed aluminum container.

DANGEROUS: On contact with acids or acid fumes they evolve highly toxic /hydrogen chloride/ fumes.

Avoid oxidizing materials.

Strong oxidizers, aluminum, chlorides, acids, acid fumes

... 1,2-Dichlorobenzene has been shown to cause eye and respiratory irritation in humans at exposure levels above 100 ppm. Skin irritation has been observed following dermal application in humans and animals. 1,2-Dichlorobenzene is absorbed via the oral route. Absorption via the dermal or inhalation routes is poorly characterized. Inhalation is expected to be the major route for human exposure. The available toxicological data indicate that metabolic profiles and effects from 1,2-dichlorobenzene exposure are similar in rats, mice and humans. Animal studies with rats and mice have shown 1,2-dichlorobenzene to induce acute hepatotoxic effects. The LD50 for a single oral exposure to 1,2-dichlorobenzene for the rat ranges from 1516 to 2138 mg/kg bw. The LC100 for the rat is </= 977 ppm (5.9 mg/L) for a 10 hour exposure. During a 4 hour exposure, 1 of 20 rats died at 941 ppm (5.6 mg/L). In humans, the acute effects of 1,2-dichlorobenzene by ingestion or inhalation are reported to be headache, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, malaise and unconsciousness. Several oral studies of rats and mice ranging from 10 days to 2 years duration indicate that the adverse effects include increases in liver and kidney weights and hepatotoxicity. From these repeat dose studies, the NOAEL for non-neoplastic effects was 60 mg/kg bw, while the LOAEL was 120 mg/kg bw due to increased renal tubular regeneration in male mice. In several microbial organisms and mammalian systems, 1,2-dichlorobenzene tested negative in vitro. However, it did induce sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese Hamster ovary cells and increased mutation frequency in mouse lymphoma cells, both in the presence of metabolic activation. 1,2-dichlorobenzene was negative in several in vivo mammalian tests, except one of two micronuclei assays in mouse bone marrow was positive. In a two-year oral study in rats and mice, 1,2-dichlorobenzene was considered not to be carcinogenic (maximum dose of 120 mg/kg bw). In an inhalation 2-generation reproduction study in rats, no fertility effects were observed and reduced pup weight during lactation occurred at doses toxic to adults. The NOAEL and LOAEL (kidney and liver effects) for adult rats were 50 (0.3 mg/L) and 150 ppm (0.6 mg/L) respectively. In developmental studies in rats and rabbits, developmental effects were only seen in rats at maternally toxic doses (400 ppm, 2.4 mg/L). No human epidemiological studies have been conducted. ... 1,2-Dichlorobenzene has been tested on a wide range of aquatic organisms under acute exposure, although chronic data are scarce. Results for fish ranged from 96 hr LC50=1.58 mg/L for rainbow trout to 57 mg/L for fathead minnow. Both acute and chronic toxicity to aquatic invertebrates were obtained with two results showing high acute toxicity, namely EC50's of 0.78 mg/L and 0.66 mg/L to Daphnia and Ceriodaphnia respectively. Results from exposure to algae showed EC50 values in the 1-100 mg/L range for 1,2-dichlorobenzene. Toxicity to microorganisms can be considered slight. Although the major compartment expected to be exposed to 1,2-dichlorobenzene is the atmosphere, there are no ecotoxicity results available for organisms exposed through the gas phase. The chlorine substituents on the chemical suggest a potential for effects on stratospheric ozone. However, the chemical is unlikely to persist long enough to escape the troposphere, although it may persist long enough to undergo long range atmospheric transport. While there are a large number of acute data covering all trophic levels, chronic data are scarce. Therefore, an assessment factor of 100 has been chosen. The result used for determining the PNEC was the lowest chronic value obtained, i.e. 21 d NOEC = 0.63 mg/L for Daphnia magna. The PNECaquatic was therefore determined to be 6.3 ug/L.

1,2-DCB was found to covalently bind to DNA, RNA, and proteins of liver, kidney, lung, and stomach. (L395)

1,2-Dichlorobenzene

9 x 10 ^-2 mg/kg-day

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) (Pesticide/Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)/Semi-Volatile Organic Compound (SVOC))

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of dichlorobenzenes. There is evidence suggesting a lack of carcinogenicity in experimental animals of ortho-dichlorobenzene. ... Overall evaluation: ortho-Dichlorobenzene is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). /Dichlorobenzenes/

Cancer Classification: Group D Not Classifiable as to Human Carcinogenicity

CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on no human data and evidence of both negative and positive trends for carcinogenic responses in rats and mice. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. /based on former classification system/

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

ortho-Dichlorobenzene

Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Volume 73: (1999) Some Chemicals that Cause Tumours of the Kidney or Urinary Bladder in Rodents and Some Other Substances

1,2-Dichlorobenzene (o-dichlorobenzene)

TR-255: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene (o-Dichlorobenzene) (CASRN 95-50-1) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies) (1985 )

09/22/82

No Evidence

Under the conditions of these two-year gavage studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenicity of 1,2-dichlorobenzene for male or female F344/N rats or B6C3F1 mice receiving 60 or 120 mg/kg per day.

3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)

Inhaling the vapor or dusts of 1,2-DCB at very high concentrations could be very irritating to eyes and nose and cause burning and tearing of the eyes, coughing, difficult breathing, and an upset stomach. Ingestion of 1,2-DCB can cause effects in the kidneys and blood, and that 1,3-DCB caused thyroid and pituitary effects. (L395)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Inhalation (L554) ; oral (L554) ; dermal (L554)

Cough. Drowsiness. Sore throat. Unconsciousness.

Redness. Pain. Dry skin.

Redness. Pain.

Burning sensation. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting.

irritation eyes, nose; liver, kidney damage; skin blisters

Cough, drowsiness, sore throat and unconsciousness can result from inhalation. Burning sensation, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting can follow ingestion. In case of dermal or eye exposure, redness and pain of the exposed surface can occur. Moreover, skin exposure can cause skin dryness. (L554)

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

HEAST Current

ATSDR Final

IRIS Current

LCLo (rat) = 821 ppm/7H

LD50: 500 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (L395)

LD50 Guinea pig oral 0.8-2.0 ug/kg.

EC50; Species: Cyclotella meneghiniana (Diatom, exponential growth phase); Conditions: static, 15 °C; Concentration: 23330 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: percent DNA reduction

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae, initial concentration 500,000 cells/L); Conditions: static, 20 °C; Concentration: 2200 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: general growth

EC50; Species: Scenedesmus subspicatus (Green algae, log growth phase); Conditions: static, 24 °C, pH 8.0-9.3; Concentration: 14000 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: decreased population biomass

EC50; Species: Scenedesmus subspicatus (Green algae, log growth phase); Conditions: static, 24 °C, pH 8.0-9.3; Concentration: 13500 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: general population changes

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 1,2-DICHLOROBENZENE (36 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ o-Dichlorobenzene as identified by 96 hr LC50 of 500 mg/L was hazardous to freshwater minnows and to saltwater shrimp.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ A test was developed using Tetrahymena pyriformis in order to determine the toxicity of various chemicals. Precultured Tetrahymena pyriformis was exposed for 24 hr at 30 °C to various concentrations of chemicals. The concentration of the chemical, at which the proliferation of Tetrahymena pyriformis was restricted to one-half of the blank test (EC50), was determined. The method, applied to 57 chemicals, demonstrated that it could be used to detect the chemicals at low concentrations rapidly and with ease. The EC50 values showed a good relationship with 48 hr LC50 values for Himedaka (Oryzias latipes), and could be explained on the basis of the partition coefficient between water and n-octanol. EC50 for o-dichlorobenzene was 51 mg/L (350 umol/L).

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... Acute and chronic toxicity to fresh water aquatic life occur at concentrations as low as 1,120 and 763 ug/L, respectively. ... ... Acute toxicity to saltwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 1,970 ug/L ...

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The developmental, genetic, and reproductive toxicities of benzene, chlorobenzene (CB), o-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB), m-dichlorobenzene (m-DCB), and p-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) were determined in a sea-urchin (Paracentrotus-lividus) bioassay. Embryos were reared in the presence of the agents for 48 hours, from the zygote to the pluteus larval stage. In addition, sperm inactivation was tested by adding agents to sperm suspensions, which were then used to inseminate untreated eggs. Benzene treatment at 10(-6) molar (M) showed a significant increase in embryo developmental defects and an elevated metaphase to anaphase (M) ratio indicating partial metaphase block, but no increase in total mitotic aberrations (TMA). With CB, developmental defects were only increased above controls at 10(-4)M. CB increased the M/A ratio, and the percentage of anaphase aberrations (AA) increased significantly with 10(-5) and 10(-4)M. A dose related response was found for o-DCB in developmental defects and for M/A ratio increases. For m-DCB, developmental defects and mitotic abnormalities were strongly increased. Sperm inactivation tests produced entirely different results. Only o-DCB and p-DCB caused spermiotoxicity. Developmental defects in the offspring of pretreated sperm were significant for all compounds, but primarily for benzene and CB. However, CB and o-DCB caused clear inhibition of mitosis. TMA increased with benzene, m-DCB, and p-DCB. For AA, the greatest effect was observed for CB, with lesser effects for m-DCB, o-DCB, and benzene. Both CB and o-DCB caused a sharp decrease in active mitotic figures and in anaphase figures (increased M/A), so that the lack of increase in TMA did not necessarily reflect the absence of any effect. The authors conclude that the results show some distinct toxicity patterns for the different agents, thus pointing out the need to reconsider criteria for ranking toxicities, in order to utilize multiple toxic endpoints. Keywords:

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,2-DICHLOROBENZENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1.80e+03

9.30e+03

2.10e+02

8.80e+02

3.00e+02

6.00e+02

3.00e-01

5.80e-01

9.00e-02

2.00e-01

Volatile

3.76e+02

5.40e+03

2.80e+04

6.30e+02

2.60e+03

9.10e+02

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur in fish. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

1,2-Dichlorobenzene's production and use in the manufacture of 3,4-dichloroaniline, and as a solvent for waxes, gums, resins, tars, rubbers, oils, and asphalts may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its former use as a herbicide, insecticide, and soil fumigant, resulted in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, 1,2-dichlorobenzene will exist solely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere, based on a vapor pressure of 1.4 mm Hg at 25 °C. Vapor-phase 1,2-dichlorobenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 38 days. 1,2-Dichlorobenzene does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to undergo direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 1,2-dichlorobenzene is expected to have moderate mobility based upon Koc values of 280 and 320. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected based on the Henry's Law constant of 1.5X10-3 atm-cu m/mole at 20 °C. Volatilization of 1,2-dichlorobenzene from dry soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon the vapor pressure of this compound and a volatilization half-life of about 4 days measured in silt loams. 1,2-Dichlorobenzene is resistant to biodegradation in soils, with half-lives expected to be greater than 9 months. If released to water, 1,2-dichlorobenzene is expected to adsorb to sediment or particulate matter based on its measured Koc values. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important environmental fate process given this compounds Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 and 120 hours, respectively. BCF values in the range of 90 to 560 measured in fish, suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to high. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,2-dichlorobenzene is produced or used. Monitoring data suggest the general population may be exposed to 1,2-dichlorobenzene via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water. (SRC)

1,2-Dichlorobenzene is not known to occur in nature.

Dichlorobenzenes have been detected or quantified in rivers, groundwater, municipal and industrial discharges, and drinking water. Dichlorobenzenes enter the water systems (raw and contaminated water) from the use of 1,2-DCB as a deodorant in industrial wastewater treatment.

1,2-Dichlorobenzene's production and use in the manufacture of 3,4-dichloroaniline(1), and as a solvent for waxes, gums, resins, tars, rubbers, oils, and asphalts(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its former use as a herbicide, insecticide, and soil fumigant(3), resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), Koc values of 280(2) and 320(3) measured in soil, indicates that 1,2-dichlorobenzene is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2-dichlorobenzene is expected from moist soil surfaces given its Henry's Law constant of 1.5X10-3 atm-cu m/mole at 20 °C(4). Volatilization of 1,2-dichlorobenzene from dry soil surfaces is expected based on a vapor pressure of 1.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). The volatilization half-life of 1,2-dichlorobenzene from Captina and McLaurin sandy loam soils was measured as about 4 days(6). 1,2-Dichlorobenzene at 100 mg/L achieved 0% of its theoretical BOD using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(7), suggesting that biodegradation is expected to be slow in soil(SRC). 1,2-Dichlorobenzene is resistant to biodegradation in soils, with half-lives expected to be greater than 9 months(8).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), log Koc values of 3.7(2) and 4.3(3) measured in sediment indicate that 1,2-dichlorobenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). 1,2-Dichlorobenzene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(4) given its Henry's Law constant of 1.5X10-3 atm-cu m/mole at 20 °C(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 and 120 hours, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), BCF values in the range of 90 to 560, measured in carp(7) and trout(8), suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to high. 1,2-Dichlorobenzene at 100 mg/L achieved 0% of its theoretical BOD using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(7), suggesting that biodegradation is expected to be slow in water under aerobic conditions(SRC). The biodegradation half-life of 1,2-dichlorobenzene in an acclimated anaerobic sediment slurry obtained from the Tsurumi River, Japan was 37 days(9).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2-dichlorobenzene, which has a vapor pressure of 1.4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2-dichlorobenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 38 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.2X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec (3). 1,2-Dichlorobenzene does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to undergo direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

AEROBIC: 1,2-Dichlorobenzene at 100 mg/L achieved 0% of its theoretical BOD using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L over a 4 week incubation period in the Japanese MITI test(1). 1,2-Dichlorobenzene was resistant to biodegradation in another Japanese MITI test study(2). Dichlorobenzene isomers were slowly biodegraded (6.3% of theoretical CO2 evolution in 10 weeks) in an alkaline soil sample(3). The rate constant for 1,2-dichlorobenzene in a heterogeneous aquifer at the Columbus Air Force Base, Mississippi was 0.0059 days-1, corresponding to a biodegradation half-life of about 117 days(4). 1,2-Dichlorobenzene is resistant to biodegradation in soils, with half-lives expected to be greater than 9 months(5).

ANAEROBIC: 1,2-Dichlorobenzene was biodegraded by an acclimated anaerobic sediment slurry obtained from the Tsurumi River, Japan(4). The first-order biodegradation rate constant was 0.0188 days-1, corresponding to a half-life of about 37 days(4).

PURE CULTURE: The first-order biodegradation rate constant of 1,2-dichlorobenzene in pure culture laboratory batch microcosms was 0.06 days-1, corresponding to a half-life of about 12 days following a 13 day lag period(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,2-dichlorobenzene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 4.2X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 38 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). 1,2-Dichlorobenzene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). 1,2-Dichlorobenzene does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to undergo direct photolysis by sunlight(2).

The sorption of 8 organic compounds by a representative green alga, Selenastrum capricornutum, was determined by GLC by a series of linear model experiments. The log10 bioconcentration factors (BCF), defined as the ratio of the concentration on/in the algae to the concentration in the aqueous medium, were as follows: benzene 3.32, toluene 3.18, chlorobenzene 3.69, 1,2-dichlorobenzene 4.17. The relation of log10 BCF correlation with log10 octanol-water partition coefficient (P) was determined to be log10 BCF= 0.46 log10 P + 2.36.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/month) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U070 & F002, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

... Halogenated compounds may be disposed of by incineration provided they are blended with other compatible wastes or fuels so that the composite contains less than 30% halogens and the heating value is from 7000 to 9000 BTU/1b. Liquid injection, rotary kiln, and fluidized bed incinerators are typically used to destroy liquid halogenated wastes. ... Temperatures of at least 2000 - 2200 °F and residence times /of more than 2 sec/ ... are required for the destruction of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons.

Potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration, with a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C, and a residence time of seconds. Also a potential candidate for liquid injection incineration, with a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C, and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.

Chemical Treatability of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene; Concentration Process: Stripping; Chemical Classification: Aromatic; Scale of Study: Full Scale, Continuous Flow; Type of Wastewater Used: Domestic Wastewater; Results of Study: 70% reduction by air stripping.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Combustible)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,2-DICHLOROBENZENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1591; Dichlorobenzene, ortho

IMO 6.1; Dichlorobenzene, ortho

49 411 27; Dichlorobenzene, ortho, liquid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Marine pollutant.

Symbol: Xn, N; R: 22-36/37/38-50/53; S: (2)-23-60-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III