O-Toluidine

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P203, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P321, P330, P337+P317, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301+H331 (32.9%): Toxic if swallowed or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (35.7%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315 (41.8%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (94.2%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (97.5%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H341 (44%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350 (99.7%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H400 (99.4%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H411 (42.2%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P317, P318, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 325 reports by companies from 17 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P210, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, P391, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H313: May be harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P203, P210, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P302+P317, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H340: May cause genetic defects [Danger Germ cell mutagenicity]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P337+P317, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer immediately for medical attention.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or alcohol foam extinguishers. Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position ... The only respirators recommended for fire fighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full facepieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.

Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

Water may be ineffective on fire. Cool exposed containers with water.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Spill handling: evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Establish forced ventilation to keep levels below explosive limit. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep this chemical out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the build-up of explosive concentrations. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations.

Approach release from upwind. Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors and protect personnel. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U328, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Toluidine is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Controlled incineration (oxides of nitrogen are removed from the effluent gas by scrubbers and/or thermal devices). /Toluidine/

Controlled incineration (oxides or nitrogen are removed from the effluent gas by scrubbers and/or thermal devices).

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2-Aminotoluene (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

MOST EFFECTIVE MEASURE FOR PREVENTION OF URINARY BLADDER TUMORS RESULTING FROM MFR OF TOLUIDINES IS USE OF CATALYTIC METHOD. MAX PERMISSIBLE CONCN SHOULD BE REVISED, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT 2-AMINOTOLUENE CARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2-Aminotoluene (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from strong oxidants, strong acids and food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Ventilation along the floor. Keep in the dark. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Before entering confined space where this chemical may be present, check to make sure that an explosive concentration does not exist. o-Toluidine must be stored to avoid contact with strong oxidizers (such as chlorine, bromine, and fluorine) because violent reactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where o-toluidine is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could creats a potential fire or explosion hazard. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemical is handled, used, or stored ...

Separate from oxidizing materials. Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Store away from heat and sunlight.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Methemoglobin in blood = 1.5% of hemoglobin during or at end of shift. [ACGIH]

6.0 [ppm]

17 [ppm]

100 [ppm]

Ca [skin] See Appendix A

5.0 [ppm]

5 ppm (22 mg/m³)

TWA 5 ppm (22 mg/m3) [skin]

50 ppm ; A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

50.0 [ppm]

Excerpts from Documentation for IDLHs: Human data: It has been reported that a 60­minute exposure to 40 ppm produces severe toxic effects [Goldblatt 1955]. It has been reported that 100 ppm is the maximum concentration endurable for 1 hour without serious consequences [Sax 1975].

NIOSH considers o-toluidine to be a potential occupational carcinogen.

Ca [50 ppm]

See: 95534

2.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time-Weighted Avg (TWA): 2 ppm. Skin.

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed three times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 min during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed five times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

Biological Exposure Index (BEI): Determinant: methemoglobin in blood; Sampling Time: during or end of shift; BEI: 1.5% of hemoglobin. The determinant may be present in biological specimens collected from subjects who have not been occupationally exposed, at a concentration which could affect interpretation of the result. Such background concentrations are incorporated in the BEI value. The determinant is nonspecific, since it is also observed after exposure to other chemicals. The biological determinant is an indicator of exposure to the chemical, but the quantitative interpretation of the measurement is ambiguous. These determinants should be used as a screening test if a quantitative test is not practical or as a confirmatory test if the quantitative test is not specific and the origin of the determinant is in question. /Methemoglobin inducers/

2 ppm as TWA; (skin); A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans); BEI issued.

2 ppm [1984]

0.5 mg/m

skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 1; germ cell mutagen group: 3A

Australia: 2 ppm, skin, Cateogry 2, probably human carcinogen (1990); Federal Republic of Germany: no MAK, Group A2, unmistakably carcinogenic in animal experimentation only, skin (1992); United Kingdom: 2 ppm, 10-min STEL 5 ppm (1991).

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly on spraying.

The substance is severely irritating to the eyes. The substance may cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

This substance is carcinogenic to humans. May cause genetic damage in humans.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for o-Toluidine:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift.

Provide:

• EYEWASH - Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.

• QUICK DRENCH - Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2024)

Chemical safety goggles; face shield; Bureau of Mines approved respirator; leather or rubber safety shoes; butyl rubber gloves.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

O-toluidine appears as a clear colorless or light yellow liquid. May become reddish brown on exposure to air and light. Flash point 185 °F. Has about the same density as water and is very slightly soluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air. Confirmed carcinogen.

Colorless to pale-yellow liquid with an aromatic, aniline-like odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR. TURNS REDDISH-BROWN ON EXPOSURE TO AIR AND LIGHT.

Colorless to pale-yellow liquid with an aromatic, aniline-like odor.

Light yellow liquid becoming reddish brown on exposure to air and light

Colorless to pale-yellow liquid

Aromatic aniline-like odor

392 to 396 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

200.3 °C

200.3 °C @760 [mm Hg]

2.7 °F (NTP, 1992)

-14.41 °C

Melting point: -23.7 °C (alpha form); -14.7 °C (beta form)

-16.3 °C

-16 °C (beta-form)

185 °F (NTP, 1992)

185 °F (85 °C) (Closed cup)

85 °C c.c.

5 to 10 mg/mL at 59 °F (NTP, 1992)

Soluble in alcohol and ether

Miscible in ethanol, diethyl ether, carbon tetrachloride

Soluble in dilute acids

In water, 1.66X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C

16.6 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 1.62 (poor)

0.998 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.9984 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.00

0.9984 @ 20°C

3.69 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

3.69 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.7

0.1 mmHg at 68 °F ; 0.3 mmHg at 86 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.26 [mmHg]

2.60X10-1 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 25 °C: 34.5

0.3 mmHg

log Kow = 1.32

Henry's Law constant = 1.98X10-6 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

900 °F (USCG, 1999)

Becomes reddish brown upon exposure to air and light [Hawley]. Slightly soluble in water.

Amines, Aromatic

O-TOLUIDINE neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. Emits very toxic oxides of nitrogen when heated to decomposition. Undergoes a hypergolic reaction with red fuming nitric acid [Kit and Evered, 1960, p. 239, 242].

Hypergolic reaction with red fuming nitric acid. Can react with oxidizing materials.

Strong oxidizers, nitric acid, bases.

Strong oxidizers, nitric acid, bases

IDENTIFICATION: ortho-Toluidine is a synthetic chemical that is a light yellow liquid at ambient temperature. It is used primarily in the manufacture of dyestuffs, although it is also used in the production of rubber, chemicals and pesticides and as a curing agent for epoxy resin systems. HUMAN EXPOSURE: In the occupational environment, there is the potential for significant carcinogenic and genotoxic effects. ANIMAL STUDIES: o-Toluidine is of moderate to low acute toxicity and has the potential to produce minimal skin irritation and mild irritation. Information was not available on the skin or respiratory sensitization potential of o-toluidine. The principal signs of toxicity following acute short term exposure to this chemical are methemaglobinemia and related effects on the spleen. These effects have been observed in rats administered o-toluidine at 225 mg/kg bw/day for 5 days. A no observed adverse effect level (NOEL) has not been identified. In several carcinogenicity studies in which o-toluidine wasadministered orally to rats and mice, there was a significant increase in the incidence of benign and malignant tumors in various tissues. o-Toluidine is generally non-mutagenic in standard bacterial mutagenicity tests, but is clastogenic in mammalian cells in vitro. There is uncertainty concerning the genotoxicity of o-toluidine in vivo; however, some positive results have been reported. Based on the wide distribution of tumors in o-toluidine exposed animals, as well as the clastogenic activity observed in mammalian in vitro assays, o-toluidine may be acting as a genotoxic carcinogen. Information relevant to assessing the risks of reproductive or developmental effects of o-toluidine was not identified.

There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of ortho-toluidine. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of ortho-toluidine. Overall evaluation ortho-Toluidine is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1).

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

o-Toluidine: reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens. /o-Toluidine and o-Toluidine Hydrochloride/

ortho-Toluidine

Group 1: Carcinogenic to humans

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

Volume 77: (2000) Some Industrial Chemicals

Volume 99: (2010) Some Aromatic Amines, Organic Dyes, and Related Exposures

Volume 100F: (2012) Chemical Agents and Related Occupations

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Confusion. Dizziness. Headache. Shortness of breath. Weakness. Convulsions. Nausea. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Dizziness. Headache. Laboured breathing. Further see Inhalation.

irritation eyes; anoxia, headache, cyanosis; lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), dizziness, drowsiness; micro hematuria (blood in the urine); eye burns; dermatitis; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Eyes, skin, blood, kidneys, liver, cardiovascular system

[bladder cancer]

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

IARC Carcinogen - Class 1: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as established human carcinogens.

NTP Carcinogen - Known to be a human carcinogen.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.

o-Toluidine (Methylaniline, 2-)

PDF Document

Likely to be carcinogenic to humans

PPRTV Current

LC50 (rat) = 862 ppm/4h

LD50 Rat oral 940 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 670 mg/kg

LD50 Rat Wistar oral 0.75 mL/kg bw (750 mg/kg bw)

LD50 Rat Sprague-Dawley male ip 164 mg/kg bw

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-Aminotoluene (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SC ADMIN OF BENZIDINE & O-TOLUIDINE SIMULTANEOUSLY TO 116 RATS RESULTED IN EARLIER APPEARANCE OF TUMORS. LATENT PERIOD FOR BENZIDINE WAS TWICE AS LONG AS WITH COMBINED USE (548.6 DAYS & 264.1 DAYS).

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aniline and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aniline and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aniline and related compounds/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning ... /cytogenetic and/or other/ tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

LC50; Species: Carassius auratus (goldfish); Conditions: static; Concentration: 124 mg/L for 48 hr

LC50; Species: Cyprinus carpio (common carp); Conditions: static; Concentration: 78.5 mg/L for 48 hr

LC50; Species: Leuciscus idus melanotus (Golden ide); Conditions: static; Concentration: 117 mg/L for 48 hr

LC50; Species: Leuciscus idus (ide); Conditions: static; Concentration: 117 mg/L for 48 hr

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-Aminotoluene (56 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

3.40e+01

1.40e+02

5.50e-02

2.40e-01

4.70e+00

1.00e+03

2.00e-03

1.60e-02

Volatile

3.40e+03

1.40e+04

5.50e+00

2.40e+01

4.70e+02

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

2-Aminotoluene's production and use as a textile printing dye, vulcanization accelerator, and in organic synthesis may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.26 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-aminotoluene will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-aminotoluene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.9 hours. 2-Aminotoluene has UV absorption which extends beyond 290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 2-aminotoluene is expected to have very high to moderate mobility based upon measured Koc values of 40 to 250. The pKa of 2-aminotoluene is 4.44, indicating that this compound will exist partially in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process for the neutral species based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.98X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. Volatilization from moist soil is not expected for the protonated form because cations do not volatilize. 2-Aminotoluene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 65% of the theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process. If released into water, 2-aminotoluene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the measured Koc values. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process for the neutral species based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 19 and 140 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3.5 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis half-lives of 13.5, 13.6, and 12.5 years, at 25 °C at pH 3, 7, and 11, respectively, indicate that hydrolysis is not an important environmental fate process. Occupational exposure to 2-aminotoluene may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-aminotoluene is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2-aminotoluene via ingestion of food and dermal contact with this compound. (SRC)

2-Aminotoluene has been detected, but not quantified, in Latakia tobacco leaf(1).

2-Aminotoluene's production and use as a textile printing dye, vulcanization accelerator, and in organic synthesis(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values ranging from 40 to 250(2), indicate that 2-aminotoluene is expected to have very high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 2-aminotoluene is 4.44(3), indicating that this compound will partially exist in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of 2-aminotoluene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process for the neutral species(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.98X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(5). 2-Aminotoluene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.26 mm Hg at 25 °C(6). 2-Aminotoluene reached 65% of its theoretical BOD in activated sludge in 4 weeks(7) and in another experiment 500 ppm of 2-aminotoluene completely degraded in 3 days in a Chernozem soil(8). These results suggest that 2-aminotoluene will be readily biodegradable in the terrestrial environment. Additionally, aromatic amines undergo soil- and clay-catalyzed free radical oxidations, reactions that are facilitated by electron-donating groups such as the methyl group on 2-aminotoluene(9,10). They are also readily oxidized by metal ions that may occur in soil(11).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured partition coefficients for 2-aminotoluene between sediment and water ranging from 40 to 250(2), indicate that 2-aminotoluene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.98X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 19 and 140 days, respectively(SRC). Studies of a model aquatic ecosystem show that 2-aminotoluene should mainly partition into the water phase (83.3%), although the chemical also partitioned into the air (14.5%) and sediment (1.9%) phases(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3.5(SRC), from a log Kow of 1.32(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 2-Aminotoluene reached 65% of its theoretcal BOD in activated sludge in 4 weeks(9) and in another experiment >90% of 2-aminotoluene was degraded after 7 days in two screening tests designed to simulate surface waters and polluted river water(10). These data suggest that 2-aminotoluene will be readily biodegradable in the aquatic environment. Additionally, aromatic amines are readily oxidized by metal ions that may occur in natural waters(11).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-aminotoluene, which has a vapor pressure of 0.26 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-aminotoluene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.9 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.32X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 2-Aminotoluene has UV absorption which extends beyond 290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Biodegradation results of 2-aminotoluene showed: 100% degradation in 6 hr using an activated sludge inoculum(1); 56% of theoretical BOD utilized in 5 days with a sewage seed(2); 100% of theoretical BOD in 8 days using an activated sludge inoculum acclimated to aniline(3); 97.7% removal in 5 days with activated sludge(4). Using activated sludge from the wastewater treatment plant used to treat effluent known to contain 2-aminotoluene, 92% chemical oxygen demand removal was obtained in a 24 hr incubation with the chemical(5). 2-Aminotoluene, present at 100 mg/L, reached 65% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test(6). Complete degradation was obtained in 64 days with a soil inoculum(7). Six laboratories obtained >90% degradation of 2-aminotoluene in 7 days in two screening tests designed to simulate surface waters and polluted river water(8). 500 ppm of 2-aminotoluene completely degraded in 3 days in a Chernozem soil, leaving degradation products that persisted for over 90 days(9). Approximately 90% of 2-aminotoluene was degraded in 15 days under aerobic conditions using an inoculum prepared from water samples collected from a polluted river; less than 20% degradation was observed in 15 days using an inoculum prepared from water samples collected from a non-polluted river(10). 2-Aminotoluene, present at 2 mg/L, reached 41% of its theoretical BOD in 5 days using water from the Songhua River in China as an inoculum(11). The mean biodegradation rate constant and half-life measured for 50 ug/L 2-aminotoluene in a sludge inoculum were 8.8X10-6/sec and 22 hours, respectively(12). These data indicate that biodegradation of 2-aminotoluene will be an important environmental fate process(SRC).

ANAEROBIC: The mean biodegradation rate constant and half-life measured for 50 ug/L 2-aminotoluene in a sludge inoculum under anaerobic conditions were 4.4X10-6/sec and 43 hours, respectively(1). 2-Aminotoluene was not biodegraded in an anaerobic aquifer slurry over a 10 month incubation period(2). Degradation of 2-aminotoluene in soil was observed although degradation products persisted for greater than three months(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-aminotoluene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.32X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.9 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Hydrolysis rate constants of 1.53X10-9/sec, 1.62X10-9/sec, and 1.76X10-9/sec, were measured at 25 °C at pH 3, 7, and 11, respectively, for 2-aminotoluene(2). This corresponds to half-lives of 13.5, 13.6, and 12.5 years, respectively(2). 2-Aminotoluene has UV absorption which extends beyond 290 nm(3) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Aromatic amines are sensitive to oxidation by air and undergo soil- and clay-catalyzed free radical oxidations, reactions that are facilitated by electron-donating groups such as the methyl group on 2-aminotoluene(4,5). They are also readily oxidized by metal ions that may occur in soil or natural waters(7). In four hours, 13-27% of aminotoluene (isomer unspecified) was oxidized after being mixed with 20 ppm of ferric ion(6).

An estimated BCF of 3.5 was calculated for 2-aminotoluene(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.32(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The measured partition coefficient between sediment and water for 2-aminotoluene ranged from 40 to 250(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these Koc values suggest that 2-aminotoluene is expected to have very high to moderate mobility in soil. A group of investigators found the movement of toluidines through clay (montmorillonite) was not inhibited by sorption(3). The pKa of 2-aminotoluene is 4.44(4), indicating that this compound will exist partially in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Aromatic amines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(6,7), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2-aminotoluene is 1.98X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-aminotoluene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 19 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 140 days(SRC). 2-Aminotoluene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). A pKa value of 4.44(3), suggests that 2-aminotoluene will partially exist in the protonated form in aqueous environments and the protonated form of 2-aminotoluene is not expected to volatilize from water or moist soil surfaces(SRC). 2-Aminotoluene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.26 mm Hg(4).

GROUNDWATER: 2-Aminotoluene was detected, but not quantified, in a shallow aquifer 205 m from the site of a former coal-tar distillation plant in St. Louis Park, MN(1). It was found in 3 samples of groundwater at the site of the Hoe Creek coal gasification project in northeastern WY, 15 mo after gasification was completed, but not in a nearby control well (detection limit 0.5 ppb)(2). The concentration of 2- and 4-aminotoluene, combined, in these wells ranged from 0.06 to 9.2 ppb(2).

SURFACE WATER: 6% of samples from the Rhine River in The Netherlands contained 2-aminotoluene, mean 0.03 ppb, max 1.8 ppb(1). Two tributaries of the Rhine had mean and max concentrations of 0.07-0.2 ppb and 0.8-2.4 ppb, respectively, and a 8% frequency of detection(1). An earlier study of the River Waal in The Netherlands reported a quarterly avg concentration of 0.7 ppb(2). 3 of 9 samples of surface water in Germany contained 0.3, 0.5, and approximately 1 ppb of 2-aminotoluene(3). 2-Aminotoluene was found in 8 out of 68 surface water samples collected in industrial and remote areas of Japan between 1974-1976 at an avg concentration of 20 ppb(4).

In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the USA EPA, 2-aminotoluene was identified in discharges of the following industrial category (frequency of occurrence; median concentration in ppb): timber products (1; 1884.3), printing and publishing (4; 42.5), organics and plastics (2; 118.3), inorganic chemicals (1; 2844.6), publicly owned treatment works (2; 125.1)(1). The highest effluent concentration was 2845 ppb in the inorganic chemicals industry(1). In an Illinois study, 2-aminotoluene was found in an effluent of a petroleum refinery, but was not present in effluent from another petroleum refinery or 8 publicly-owned treatment works(2).

Aromatic amines are emitted during the thermal degradation of polyurethane as might result in the use of polyurethane core binder materials in foundries, welding polyurethane foam insulated heat piping, producing polyurethane-coated wire, machining polyurethane materials, and in fires(1).

SEDIMENT: 2-Aminotoluene was found in 27 out of 68 sediment samples collected in industrial and remote areas of Japan between 1974-1976 at an average concentration of 72 ppb(1).

In a German survey of primary and secondary amines in the human environment, < 0.1 ppm of 2-aminotoluene was detected in a sample of broken beans(1). It was not found, however, in 9 other samples of preserved vegetables, or samples of maize, salad, rhubarb, and apples, pickles, fish, cheese, bread, coffee, tea, cocoa, wine, malt, hops, barley, or animal feed(1). Aminotoluene, isomer unspecified, was found in shelled peas and red cabbage at a concentration of 0.4 and 0.2 ppm, respectively and in kale, carrots and celery at 1.1, 7.2, and 1.1 ppm, respectively(1). 2-Aminotoluene has been identified as a volatile in black tea(2,3).

In human milk from 7 smokers and 24 non-smokers, there were < 0.01 to 0.26 ppb (ng/g) o-toluidine, with an average of 0.04 ppb (for comparison, the level of aniline was 0.36 ppb and of N-methylaniline 0.55 ppb). No significant differences between the two groups were observed. None of the women reported occupational exposure to aromatic amines. The authors explain their observation with the occurrence of aromatic amines in tobacco smoke, fresh vegetables and the aroma of black tea.

2-Aminotoluene has been detected, but not quantified, in tobacco leaf(1) and tobacco smoke(2). Its concentration in tobacco smoke is 23.3-213 ng/cigarette(3).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U328, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Toluidine is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Controlled incineration (oxides of nitrogen are removed from the effluent gas by scrubbers and/or thermal devices). /Toluidine/

Controlled incineration (oxides or nitrogen are removed from the effluent gas by scrubbers and/or thermal devices).

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2-Aminotoluene (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Toluidines; Toluidines, liquid; Toluidines, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Toluidines; Toluidines, liquid; Toluidines, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Toluidines; Toluidines, liquid; Toluidines, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Toluidines; Toluidines, liquid; Toluidines, solid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-Aminotoluene (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

IMO 6.1; Toluidines (ortho-; meta-; para-)

UN 1708; Toluidines (liquid, solid)

49 131 75; Toluidine (combustible liquid, not otherwise specified)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T, N; R: 45-23/25-36-50; S: 53-45-61; Note: E

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II