2-Chlorophenol

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H300 (10.6%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H302 (89.4%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (100%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H332 (100%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 66 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H360: May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P203, P210, P260, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P320, P321, P330, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Phenols are very toxic poisons AND corrosive and irritating, so that inducing vomiting may make medical problems worse. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or foam. Large Fires: Alcohol foam. (USCG, 1999)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Alcohol foam.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam extinguishers. Vapors are heavier than air and well collect in low areas. Vapors from 2-Chlorophenol may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. ...From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.

Use dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide, ot water spray. Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products. Use water sprays to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: chemical protection suit and filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered containers as far as possible. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Phenolic cmpds in wastewater are oxidized with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by iron(3+)-iron(2+) When the wt ratio of phenol:hydrogen peroxide is 1:3 and iron 5-100 ppm, more than 95% of the phenols are removed in 30 min from a 500 ppm phenol soln at pH 5-6 and 25-50 °C. /Phenolic cmpd/

Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. /Monochlorophenols/

Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Use water spray to cool and disperse vapors and protect personnel. Absorb in non combustible material for proper disposal.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U048, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Good candidate for rotary kiln incineration, with a temperature range of 820 to 1600 °C and a residence time of seconds. Also, a good candidate for liquid injection incineration, with a temperature range of 650 to 1600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.

This paper reports a three-step approach to remove 2-chlorophenol from dilute aqueous solution and compares each technique. The first step utilizes Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) in presence of hydrogen peroxide to oxidize this organic pollutant (enzyme treatment). For a more efficient removal of 2-chlorophenol, it is necessary to add the enzyme solution gradually to the contents of the reactor instead of rapid addition. The second step, involving ultrasonic waves eliminated 2-chlorophenol through hydroxyl radical generated by the cavitation process (sono-degradation). In the third step, a combination of ultrasonic waves and enzyme was used (sono-enzyme degradation).

Wet oxidation of a 100 ppm aqueous solution of o-chlorophenol (o-CP) was performed in a lab-scale batch reactor using 3% Ru/TiO(2) catalyst at 373 and 413 K, and a partial oxygen pressure of 0.1 MPa. The experiments were conducted by varying the initial pH values of o-CP solution from pH 6.3 to 9.8 and 11.8. From the results, it was revealed that the catalytic decomposition of o-CP occurred most effectively at 413 K and at the initial pH of 9.8. Complete decomposition and dechlorination of o-CP were almost achieved within 1hr, and about 85% of TOC was removed in 3.0 hr...

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2-CHLOROPHENOL (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Immediately wash contaminated areas of skin with concentrated soap solution. Contaminated gloves, clothing, shoes should be removed without delay and disposed by incineration.

Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Sodium bicarbonate (USCG, 1999)

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Well closed.

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area. Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums or other storage containers to precess containers. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where this chemical is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. /Monochlorophenols/

2.3 [mg/m3]

25 [mg/m3]

150 [mg/m3]

DOE Protective Action Criteria (PAC): Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits (TEELs) for 2-Chlorophenol: TEEL-0: 0.4 ppm; PAC-1: 1.25 ppm; PAC-2: 7.5 ppm; PAC-3: 50 ppm. [TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects; PAC-1: The maximum concentration in air below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing other than mild transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor; PAC-2: The maximum concentration in air below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair their abilities to take protective action; PAC-3: The maximum concentration in air below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects].

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is severely irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation of the aerosol may cause lung oedema. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system.

Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special chemical protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)

Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.

Wear protective gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing material for your operation. All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before work. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and face shield when working with liquid, unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn. Wear dust-proof goggles when working with powders or dust, unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn. Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash. /Monochlorophenols/

ENGINEERING CONTROLS Use only in a chemical fume hood. Safety shower and eye bath.

NO open flames. Above 64 °C use a closed system and ventilation.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

2-chlorophenol appears as a colorless to amber liquid with an unpleasant, penetrating odor. Density 1.265 g / cm3. Sinks in water and slowly dissolves. Freezing point 7 °C (46 °F). Boiling point 175 °C (347 °F).

Colorless to yellow-brown liquid with an unpleasant odor; [Hawley] Sensitive to light and moisture; [CHEMINFO] Faintly yellow clear liquid with a stench; [Sigma-Aldrich MSDS]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Light amber liquid

Colorless to yellow brown liquid

Unpleasant penetrating odor

Carbolic odor

Strong medicinal taste and odor

347 to 349 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

174.9 °C at 760 mm Hg

174.9 °C @760 [mm Hg]

48.2 °F (NTP, 1992)

MP: 7 °C (ALPHA), 0 °C (BETA), 4.1 °C (GAMMA)

9.3-9.8 °C

147 °F (NTP, 1992)

64 °C (147 °F) CLOSED CUP

64 °C c.c.

10 to 50 mg/mL at 59 °F (NTP, 1992)

Sol in ethanol, ethyl ether; slightly soluble in chloroform; very sol in benzene

Sol in aqueous sodium hydroxide, alcohol, ether

2.85 PARTS SOL IN 100 PARTS WATER @ 20 °C

Freely soluble in alcohol, ether, caustic alkali solutions

For more Solubility (Complete) data for 2-CHLOROPHENOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 2.85

1.25 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.2634 at 20 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.3

1.257 @ 23°C

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.4

1 mmHg at 53.8 °F ; 2.2 mmHg at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

2.53 [mmHg]

2.53 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 230

7.5 [mm Hg] @45.8 °C

log Kow = 2.15

Henry's Law constant = 1.12X10-5 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/.

3.579 cP at 25 °C

2790.0 kJ.mol at 77 °F (liquid) /25 °C/

40.12 kJ/mole at 174.53 °C / 447.53 K/

Very soluble in water

Phenols and Cresols

Acids, Weak

Aryl Halides

2-CHLOROPHENOL is a weak acid. Neutralizes bases in exothermic reactions. Incompatible with oxidizing agents. Incompatible with acid chlorides and acid anhydrides. Forms ethers, esters and salts with metals and amines (NTP, 1992).

... CAN REACT WITH OXIDIZING MATERIALS

Contact with oxidizing agents can cause fire and explosion hazard.

Corrosive to aluminum, copper and other chemically active metals.

2-chlorophenol works as a weak uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation and inhibitors of cellular respiration. The ability of chlorophenols to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation increases with increasing chlorination. In fact, studies indicate a concentration-dependent triphasic effect of chlorophenols on phosphorylation and cellular respiration. At low concentrations, uncoupling produces stimulation of the resting state respiration as a result of increased adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in the absence of a phosphate acceptor.Inhibition of active respiration is also observed. At moderate concentrations, resting respiration is neither stimulated nor inhibited. Significant inhibition of respiration, associated with a breakdown of the

electron transport process and decreased ATPase activity, occurs at very high concentrations. Uncoupling activity has been attributed to a protonophoric effect (a disruption of the energy gradient across the mitochondrial membrane resulting from distribution of chlorophenols in the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane), whereas inhibition of cellular respiration has been attributed to a direct action on intracellular proteins (L159).

2-Chlorophenol

Reproductive

5 x 10 ^-3 mg/kg-day

Semi-Volatile Organic Compound (SVOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)

2-chlorophenol is corrosive to epithelial tissue. It produce effects ranging from slight hyperemia to severe corrosion when applied to the corneas. Acute inhalation exposure may lead to hemorrhage in the lungs and tachypnea. Oral exposure to 2-chlorophenol can produce a variety of neurological effects,

including tremors, myoclonic convulsions, a hunched posture, dyspnea, collapse, and coma (L159).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

Inhalation (L723) ; oral (L723) ; dermal (L723)

Cough. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. See Ingestion. Symptoms may be delayed.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

Abdominal pain. Drowsiness. Weakness. Convulsions.

Cough, shortness of breath and sore throat can result from inhalation of 2-chlorophenol. These symptoms may be delayed. Abdominal pain, drowsiness, weakness, and convulsions can result from ingestion as well as inhalation. Moreover, ingestion of 2-chlorophenol can cause restlessness, tremors, or central nervous system depression to occur. Eye exposure to 2-chlorophenol can lead to redness, pain, and blurred vision, while dermal contact can lead to redness and pain of the skin. Moreover, the substance can be rapidily absorbed after derma exposure (L723).

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

8 x 10^-3 mg/kg-day

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

IRIS Current

PPRTV Current

ATSDR Final

LC50 (rat) = 390 ppm/4hr

LD50: 1000-1580 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (L723)

LD50 Rat oral 670 mg/kg. /From table/

LD50 Rat sc 950 mg/kg. /From table/

LD50 Mouse oral 670 mg/kg /From table/

LD50 Rabbit dermal 740-2,670 mg/kg /From table/

LD50 Rabbits dermal 1000-1580 mg/kg

Avoid dilution following oral exposure; instead, administer charcoal as a slurry. Following inhalation, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. In case the exposure occurs through eye contact, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. Following dermal exposure, remove phenol with undiluted polyethylene glycol 300 to 400 or isopropyl alcohol prior to washing, if readily available. Wash exposed areas twice or for at least 10 minutes with large quantities of soapy water. Water alone may be harmful. (T36)

Tumor incidence incr (69%) in rats receiving 2-chlorophenol (5 ppm) and ethylnitrosourea, as compared to 58% for rats receiving ethylnitrosourea only. The effects of 2-chlorophenol on reproduction might be related to the transplacental transfer of 2-chlorophenol.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Phenols and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . Do not use emetics. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . Maintain body temperature. /Phenols and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. DIRECT PHYSICIAN ORDER ONLY ... Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam. ... Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Phenols and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Caution: ingestion causes incr then decr of respiration, blood pressure, urinary output; fever; increased bowel action; motor weakness; collapse with convulsions & death. Causes lung, liver, kidney damage, contact dermatitis. ... Dust causes sneezing.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute exposures by all routes ... May cause muscular weakness, gastroenteric disturbances, severe depression, collapse ... although effects are primarily on central nervous system, edema of the lung & injury of ... pancreas and spleen also may occur.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Orally 8 g or more produces rapid circulatory collapse, death. Chronic poisoning from oral or percutaneous absorption may produce digestive disturbances, nervous disorders with faintness, vertigo, mental changes, skin eruptions, jaundice, oliguria, uremia. ... General protoplasmic poison.

LD50 Redwinged blackbird oral > 113 mg/kg

LC50; Eisenia fetida (earthworm, adult, 300-500 mg) dermal, filter paper 2.2 ug/sq cm (95% confidence interval: 1.9-2.4 ug/sq cm) for 48 hr

EC50; Species: Chlorella vulgaris (Green algae, exponential growth phase, 50000 cells/mL); Conditions: freshwater, static, 21 °C; Concentration: 170000 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: growth inhibition, general /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae, exponential growth phase, 50000 cells/mL); Conditions: freshwater, static, 21 °C; Concentration: 70000 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: growth inhibition, /formulated product/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 2-CHLOROPHENOL (40 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ The acute oral toxicity, repellency and hazard potential of 2-chlorophenol to one or more of 68 species of wild and domestic birds was determined by standardized testing procedures. Redwinged blackbirds were the most sensitive of the bird species tested.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The toxic effects of photoproducts formed upon the photolysis of 2- and 4-chlorophenol (CP) frozen solutions in polycrystalline ice phase were determined with a bacterial luminescence test (Vibrio fisheri), and in vitro biomarker assay for dioxin-like effects (inductions of AhR-dependent luciferase in H4IIE-luc cells) and compared to the toxic effects of products of the same photoreaction in aquatic phase. Coupling photoproducts formed in ice samples (3'-chlorobiphenyl-2,4'-diol and 3-chlorobiphenyl-2,2'-diol from 2-CP photolysis and 5-chlorobiphenyl-2,4'-diol from 4-CP photolysis) were found to be more toxic to V. fisheri than parent CPs and elicited significant inductions of dioxin-like effects (the effective concentrations EC50 approximately 3 x 10-5 mol/L corresponded to known weaker ligands of AhR, such as nonplanar polychlorinated biphenyls or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). To complete the picture, a photoproduct formed from 4-CP (5-chlorobiphenyl-2,4'-diol) was synthesized, and a detailed toxicity assessment with purified compound confirmed the results obtained with irradiated samples. /The/ findings support a recently proposed model according to which solar radiation can trigger the formation of new types of organic pollutants in polar ice or tropospheric ice cloud particles, presenting possibly greater risk to the environment than the parent compounds.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ BF-2 cells, an established cell line derived from bluegill sunfish, (Lepomis macrochirus), were exposed to 18 organic toxicants, with cytotoxicity being assayed by the neutral red (NR) technique. Based on the concentration of toxicant that reduced lysosomal uptake of neutral red by 50% (NR50), the rank order of cytotoxicity was methyl mercury greater than pentachlorophenol greater than 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol greater than 2,3,5-trichlorophenol greater than 2,3-dinitrotoluene greater than 2,4,6-trichlorophenol greater than 2,4-dichlorophenol greater than 2,4-dichlorotoluene greater than 6-chloro-3-hydroxytoluene greater than o-chlorotoluene greater than 4-chlorophenol greater than 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol greater than 2,4-dinitrophenol greater than 4-nitrophenol greater than 3-methylphenol greater than phenol greater than toluene. Published in vivo LC50 values were identified for 11 of the 18 test agents and, with the exception of 2,4-dinitrophenol, there was a good correlation between the in vitro cytotoxicity of the test agents and their in vivo waterborne acute toxocity. The potencies of the substituted phenolics and chlorinated toluenes as determined by the in vitro cytotoxicity assay correlated strongly with their log octanol/water partition coefficients (log P). However, the toxicity of 2,3-dinitrotoluene in vitro, and apparently also in vivo, was not a function of its log P value.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ ... A secondary spin trapping technique was used followed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis, to study the potential of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after fish (Carassius auratus) were injected ip with different doses (50, 100, 200, 250, 500 mg/kg) of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP). The ROS signal intensity of the EPR spectrum showed a significant increase (p<0.05, compared with the control) when the 2-CP dose was as low as 50 mg/kg. There is a good relationship between the 2-CP administered doses and ROS generation. ... SOD and CAT activities were found to be induced at lower doses of 2-CP. GSH levels fell below the control level following all treatments with 2-CP, and GSSG levels changed along with those of GSH. These observations indicated that the fish experienced oxidative stress. The strong positive correlation (r = 0.966, p<0.005) between OH radical and lipid peroxidation suggested that lipid peroxidation was possibly induced by OH radical. The phase II detoxification enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) may play an important role in 2-CP metabolism or excretion and, consequently, reduce ROS production. This study provides strong evidence that level of ROS is significantly increased in 2-CP stressed fish, and ROS may serve as a potential biomarker to indicate 2-CP contamination.

3.90e+02

5.80e+03

9.10e+01

8.0E+01(G)

8.90e-02

5.00e-03

Volatile

2.74e+04

1.20e+03

1.80e+04

2.70e+02

8.0E+01 (G)

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment.

2-Chlorophenol's production and use as an antiseptic, in the manufacture of the insecticide profenofos, and in organic synthesis of dyes may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 2.53 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-chlorophenol will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-chlorophenol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3.3 days. The main product of photolysis of the undissociated form of 2-chlorophenol was pyrocatechol; cyclopentadienic acid is the main photolysis product from the dissociated form. Photolysis product yields will be affected by pH. If released to soil, Koc values of 51 in clay loam soil and 398 in soil indicate that 2-chlorophenol will exhibit high to moderate mobility depending on soil type. Volatilization of the neutral species from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.12X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. 2-Chlorophenol may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. However, in conditions where 2-chlorophenol may bind strongly to soil, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. Biodegradation of 94% after 6.5 hrs, 100% after 14-47 days and 67% after 10 days indicate that biodegradation of 2-chlorophenol in soil may be an important fate process. If released into water, 2-chlorophenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the measured Kocs of 3,981 and 5,012 in course and fine sediment, respectively. Biodegradation of 2-chlorophenol in water may be an important fate process based upon reported complete losses in 10-36 days. Volatilization of the neutral species from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.5 days and 31 days, respectively. However, in conditions where 2-chlorophenol may bind strongly to suspended solids and sediments, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption in the water column. A BCF range of 6-214 suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will be low to high depending on the species. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 2-chlorophenol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-chlorophenol is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to 2-chlorophenol via ingestion of drinking water and fish, and dermal contact with vapors and other products containing 2-chlorophenol. (SRC)

By chlorination of phenol with hypochlorite, o-chlorophenol was predominantly produced at concentration of less than 10 ppm of free chlorine.

Inadvertant synthesis of 2-chlorophenol is due to the chlorination of phenol in effluents and drinking water sources.

Chlorination of polluted & natural water can produce ... chlorophenols which /are/ undesirable substances in drinking water. /Chlorophenols/

2-Chlorophenol's production and use as a biocide, disinfectant for the home, hospital, and farm, an antiseptic(1), manufacture of the insecticide profenofos(2), and in organic syntheses of dyes(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values from 50-150 (clay loam soil)(2) indicate that 2-chlorophenol will be highly mobile, whereas values of 5000 or greater (measured in fine sediments)(2) indicate that 2-chlorophenol will be immobile in soils. Volatilization of 2-chlorophenol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.12X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(3). 2-Chlorophenol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2.53 mm Hg(4). Biodegradation data reporting losses of 94% after 6.5 hrs(5), 100% after 14-47 days(6) and 67% after 10 days(7) indicate that biodegradation may be an important fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc range of 50-5,012 in various soil types(2), indicates that 2-chlorophenol may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment, depending on sediment conditions(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.12X10-5 atm-cu m/mole for the neutral species(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.5 days and 31 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), a BCF range of 6 to 215(6-8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms may be low to high depending upon the species(SRC). Biodegradation of 2-chlorophenol in water may be an important fate process based reported complete losses in 10-36 days(9-12).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-chlorophenol, which has a vapor pressure of 2.53 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-chlorophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3.3 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). The suggested half-life of 2-chlorophenol in air is 55 hrs(4). Photolysis of 2-chlorophenol is affected by pH as the quantum yields for the disappearance of the undissociated form was 10 times less than that for the dissociated form when 2-chlorophenol was irradiated at 296 nm in aqueous solution at pH 8-13. The main product of photolysis of the undissociated form was pyrocatechol and cyclopentadienic acid from the dissociated form(5).

AEROBIC: 2-Chlorophenol, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum(1). In an aerobic screening test, the microorganism Pseudomonas gladioli was able to degrade 2-chlorophenol 74.6% after an incubation period of 24 hours and an initial concn of 8.78 ug/ml(2). 2-Chlorophenol was 100% degraded by a microbial mixture inoculum after an incubation time of 96 hours(3). The aerobic biodegradation of 2-chlorophenol in the cyclone fermentor system revealed 0% remaining after 200 hours and a lag time of 25 hours; this corresponds to a half-life of 140 hours(4). Incubation at 30 °C resulted in incomplete removal of 2-chlorophenol, which ceased after 48 hours. 64.8% of 2-chlorophenol was removed; however, only 30.2% of the total chloride was released. Degradation proceeded via meta-cleavage and a build-up of the metabolite 3-chlorocatechol was observed(5). 2-Chlorophenol reached 38.0% of its theoretical BOD in river water obtained from the Jilin section of the Songhua River, China. A test concn of 2 mg/L (based on the Theoretical Oxygen Demand for 2-chlorophenol) was tested at 15-20 °C, pH 6.8-7.0, and a dissolved oxygen concn of 8.0 mg/L using standard iodometric tritration(6).

AEROBIC: Complete removal of 2-chlorophenol at 1 ppm concn in 15 days was reported in acclimated river water(1). Recoveries of residual 2-chlorophenol (days) in river die-away tests using Great Miami River, Ohio water was 980 ppb (0 days), 810 ppb (6 days), 710 ppb (23 days), 0 ppb (36 days), and in the Little Miami River, Ohio was 890 ppb (0 days), 870 ppb (6 days), 480 ppb (13 days), 0 ppb (15 days)(6). Addition of seed water from prior die-away testing led to faster complete removal of 2-chlorophenol in seeded vs unseeded Great Miami River, Ohio water (15 days vs 36 days), whereas time for complete removal in seeded Little Miami River,Ohio water was nearly the same as that in unseeded water (15 days vs 13 days)(6). A loss of 94% was reported for 2-chlorophenol incubated in non-sterile clay loam soil at 4 °C in 6.5 hrs and 1% loss in sterile soil in 12 days(2). Complete removal of 2-chlorophenol was reported in 14 and 47 days in Dunkirk and Mardin silt loam suspensions, respectively(3). Degradation of 67% 2-chlorophenol reported in 10 days upon percolation through Rothamsted clay; degradation was faster upon redose(4). Evolution of 13% and 25% theoretical CO2 in 1 and 10 weeks in para-brown soil reported(5). Complete disappearance of 2-chlorophenol was reported in aerobic columns of aquifer material contaminated by landfill leachate in 6 days for acclimated columns and 9 days in unacclimated columns; under anaerobic conditions degradation occurred only with aquifer material from an actively methanogenic site(7). Complete loss of 2-chlorophenol reported in sediment from farm stream at 20 °C in 10-15 days vs 19% in 30 days in sterile sediments(2). Complete degradation was reported in 3 days in acclimated sludge(8). 0% theoretical BOD in 11-19 days using wastewater seed was observed(9); 100% and 0% biodegradation was reported using 2-chlorophenol concentrations of 5 ppm 10 ppm, respectively, and incubated with activated sludge(9). 95.6% removal in 6 hrs was observed using a test chemical concentration 200 ppm incubated with acclimated activated sludge(10).

ANAEROBIC: An anaerobic gas production test of sewage sludge, a freshwater swamp sediment and a marine sediment was conducted. Results revealed 0 to 30% mineralization of 2-chlorophenol in digested sewage sludge after an incubation period of 56 days, 30 to 75% mineralization in freshwater swamp sediment after an incubation period of 56 days, and 0 to 30% mineralization in marine sediment after an incubation period of 96 days(1). The rate of 2-chlorophenol transformation in anaerobic estuarine sediment was determined to be 0.101/day, which corresponds to a half-life of 6.9 days(2). After a 30 day acclimation period, 2-chlorophenol was degraded with ease by soil microorganisms under nitrate-reducing conditions; 21% was biodegraded in 3 days and by 6 days, 2-chlorophenol reached low concns(3). The anaerobic degradation of 2-chlorophenol in the cyclone fermentor system resulted in 44% remaining after 500 hours and a lag time of 250 hours; this corresponds to a half-life of 475 hours(4). Incubation of 2-chlorophenol with sewage sludge under anaerobic conditions gave the following results: complete disappearance of 2-chlorophenol in 6 weeks with no lag period using unacclimated sludge; approximately 100% loss of 2-chlorophenol in 4 or 32 days with no lag period using sludge acclimated to 2- or 4-chlorophenol(5). Using 14C-labeled-2-chlorophenol in anaerobic sludge acclimated to 2-chlorophenol, >90% of total (14)C added was recovered as (14)CH4 and (14)CO2(5). Complete removal of 2-chlorophenol was achieved within 50 days in anaerobic sediment obtained from Lake Michigan. The major metabolites were phenol and 3-chlorobenzoate(6). 2-Chlorophenol biodegrades in the absence of oxygen under methanogenic, sulfidogenic, iron-reducing, and denitrifying conditions(7). The half-life of 2-chlorophenol in sub-soils under landfills was 51 and 110 days in coarse sand and sandy loam, respectively(8). 2-Chlorophenol (500 ug/L) was persistent in anaerobic sand and gravel after 2 weeks in a model ecosystem consisting of a laboratory filter operating with anaerobic groundwater(9).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-chlorophenol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3.3 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2-Chlorophenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Irradiation of 1 mmol/L aqueous solution of 2-chlorophenol in the presence of 50 mmol nitrate/L leads to the formation of the following dihydroxybenzenes: 2-hydroxyquinone, hydroquinone, 2-chlorohydroquinone, catechol, 3-chlorocatechol, 3-nitrocatechol(3). Since the pKa of 2-chlorophenol is 8.56(4), 2-chlorophenol will exist in a partially anionic state in water and moist soils; therefore, its transport should be affected by pH. Photolysis of 2-chlorophenol should also be affected by pH as demonstrated by the quantum yields for the disappearance of the undissociated form which was 10 times less (quantum yield = 0.03-0.04) than that for the dissociated form (quantum yield = 0.30) when 2-chlorophenol was irradiated at 296 nm in aqueous solution at pH 8-13; the main product of photolysis of the undissociated form was pyrocatechol and cyclopentadienic acid from the dissociated form(5). 2-Chlorophenol (4.46X10-5 mol) reacted with 1 ml NOx in 1 liter air for 5 hr to give the 4-nitro-2-chlorophenol and 6-nitro-2-chlorophenol adducts in 36% and 30% yields, respectively(6).

Hydrolysis of 2-chlorophenol will not be important under normal environmental conditions(1). Since the pKa of 2-chlorophenol is 8.56(2), 2-chlorophenol will exist in a partially dissociated state in water and moist soils; therefore, its transport should be affected by pH. Photolysis of 2-chlorophenol should also be affected by pH as demonstrated by the fact that the quantum yields for the disappearance of the undissociated form was 10 times less (quantum yield = 0.03-0.04) than that for the dissociated form (quantum yield = 0.30) when 2-chlorophenol was irradiated at 296 nm in aqueous solution at pH 8-13; the main product of photolysis of the undissociated form was pyrocatechol and cyclopentadienic acid from the dissociated form(3). 2-Chlorophenol (4.46X10-5 mol) reacted with 1 ml NOx in 1 liter air for 5 hr to give the 4-nitro-2-chlorophenol and 6-nitro-2-chlorophenol adducts in 36% and 30% yields, respectively(4).

BCF's of 214 (log BCF = 2.33) in bluegill sunfish after 28 days exposure(1), 14 to 29 in carp(2), and 6 for goldfish(3) were determined for 2-chlorophenol. According to a classification scheme(4), BCF values of zero to 30 are low and from 100 to 1,000 are high.

Experimentally determined Koc's for 2-chlorophenol in various soil conditions were reported as 51 in clay loam soil and 398 in unspecified soil(1). Koc values of 3,981 in coarse sediment, and 5,012 in fine sediment have also been reported(1). According to a classification scheme(2), 2-chlorophenol will exhibit high to moderate mobility depending on soil type(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2-chlorophenol is 1.12X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-chlorophenol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2.5 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 31 days(SRC). 2-Chlorophenol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 2-Chlorophenol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon a vapor pressure of 2.53 mm Hg(3).

Monochlorophenols were found in surface waters in the Netherlands at concn of 2 to 20 ug/l /Monochlorophenols/

GROUNDWATER: Samples collected on September 9, 1980 from an uncontaminated well bordering a US Army installation site in Bristol, RI revealed that the average concn of 2-chlorophenol was 33 ug/L(1). 2-Chlorophenol was identified in groundwater samples taken from the Ville Mercier site (12 different locations) in southern Quebec, Canada, in concns ranging from not detected to 11,078 ug/L(2). The frequency of 2-chlorophenol detected in groundwater samples collected from 500 disposal sites in the United States between 1981 and 1986 ranged between 0 and 5.1 percent(3). 2-Chlorophenol was detected at a maximum concn of 2,100 ppb in groundwater samples collected from a former specialty organic chemicals manufacturing plant in North Muskegon, MI in January 1988(4). 2-Chlorophenol was detected, not quantified in studies of an aquifer polluted by chemical company waste ponds in Melbourne, Australia, 1973 and 1975(5).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U048, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Good candidate for rotary kiln incineration, with a temperature range of 820 to 1600 °C and a residence time of seconds. Also, a good candidate for liquid injection incineration, with a temperature range of 650 to 1600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds.

This paper reports a three-step approach to remove 2-chlorophenol from dilute aqueous solution and compares each technique. The first step utilizes Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP) in presence of hydrogen peroxide to oxidize this organic pollutant (enzyme treatment). For a more efficient removal of 2-chlorophenol, it is necessary to add the enzyme solution gradually to the contents of the reactor instead of rapid addition. The second step, involving ultrasonic waves eliminated 2-chlorophenol through hydroxyl radical generated by the cavitation process (sono-degradation). In the third step, a combination of ultrasonic waves and enzyme was used (sono-enzyme degradation).

Wet oxidation of a 100 ppm aqueous solution of o-chlorophenol (o-CP) was performed in a lab-scale batch reactor using 3% Ru/TiO(2) catalyst at 373 and 413 K, and a partial oxygen pressure of 0.1 MPa. The experiments were conducted by varying the initial pH values of o-CP solution from pH 6.3 to 9.8 and 11.8. From the results, it was revealed that the catalytic decomposition of o-CP occurred most effectively at 413 K and at the initial pH of 9.8. Complete decomposition and dechlorination of o-CP were almost achieved within 1hr, and about 85% of TOC was removed in 3.0 hr...

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2-CHLOROPHENOL (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-CHLOROPHENOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2021; Chlorophenols, liquid

IMO 6.1; Chlorophenol, liquid or solid

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Marine pollutant.

Symbol: Xn, N; R: 20/21/22-51/53; S: (2)-28-61; Note: C

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III