2,4-dichlorotoluene

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 5.8% (4 of 69) of reports.

H315 (27.5%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H336 (20.3%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H361f (18.8%): Suspected of damaging fertility [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H411 (91.3%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 69 reports by companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 4 of 69 reports by companies.

There are 9 notifications provided by 65 of 69 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P260, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P210, P260, P261, P271, P280, P304+P340, P318, P319, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

To extinguish a fire involving this chemical you may use a dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam or halon extinguisher; a water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)

Use carbon dioxide, powder, water spray.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Chlorotoluenes/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Remove vapour with fine water spray.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPOR. USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. /4-Chlorotoluene/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Chlorotoluenes/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Chlorotoluenes/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from strong bases and strong oxidants. Cool. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is mildly irritating to the skin.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter.

RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS: Permeation data indicate that butyl rubber gloves may provide protection to contact with this compound. Butyl rubber over latex gloves is recommended. However, if this chemical makes direct contact with your gloves, or if a tear, hole or puncture develops, remove them at once. (NTP, 1992)

Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. /Chlorotoluenes/

NO open flames. Above 87 °C use a closed system and ventilation.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

2,4-dichlorotoluene is a clear colorless liquid. (NTP, 1992)

Colorless liquid; [HSDB]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid

385 to 387 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

201 °C @ 760 mm Hg

at 101.3kPa: 200 °C

7.7 °F (NTP, 1992)

-13.5 °C

199 °F, open cup

87 °C c.c.

INSOL IN WATER

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: (very poor)

1.2498 (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.2476 @ 20 °C/20 °C

1.25 g/cm³

Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.02

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 5.56

0.45 [mmHg]

0.458 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 50 °C: 0.4

Log Kow= 4.24

38.29 dynes/cm @ 25 °C

Index of refraction: 1.5511 @ 20 °C/D

Weight 10.34 lb/gal

The use of global and substituent physicochemical structure descriptors for quantitative structure-property relationship studies has been evaluated through direct and autocorrelated applications. Partial least squares analysis has been used to predict the partition coefficient for octanol/water, log P, for chlorinated alkylbenzenes. This investigation revealed that various of the physicochemical parameters considered were highly correlated with the partition coefficient and that partial least square models based on global, direct or autocorrelated substituent parameters all seem to be adequate for prediction of log P, as compared to results obtained experimentally or by means of standard substituent calculation schemes. However, the use of autocorrelation vectors of connectivity, steric and electronic effects may be preferably due to a high degree of explanation of the molecular descriptor variance.

Angular frequency

Boiling point

Dielectric constant

External quantum efficiency

Heat of sublimation

Luminescence

Luminescence emission linewidth

Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Optical coefficient

Polarization degree

Quadrupole coupling

Refractive index

Vapor pressure

Solvents -> Chlorinated Aromatics

Insoluble in water.

Aryl Halides

Simple aromatic halogenated organic compounds, such as 2,4-DICHLOROTOLUENE, are very unreactive. Halogenated organics generally become less reactive as more of their hydrogen atoms are replaced with halogen atoms. Materials in this group may be incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Also, they may be incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides.

Redness.

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

LC50 (rat) > 2,669 mg/m3/4h

MAY BE TOXIC & IRRITANT /DICHLOROTOLUENE/

BF-2 cells, an established cell line derived from bluegill sunfish, (Lepomis macrochirus), were exposed to 18 organic toxicants, with cytotoxicity being assayed by the neutral red technique. Based on the concentration of toxicant that reduced lysosomal uptake of neutral red by 50% (NR50), the rank order of cytotoxicity was methyl mercury greater than pentachlorophenol greater than 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol greater than 2,3,5-trichlorophenol greater than 2,3-dinitrotoluene greater than 2,4,6-trichlorophenol greater than 2,4-dichlorophenol greater than 2,4-dichlorotoluene greater than 6-chloro-3-hydroxytoluene greater than o-chlorotoluene greater than 4-chlorophenol greater than 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol greater than 2,4-dinitrophenol greater than 4-nitrophenol greater than 3-methylphenol greater than phenol greater than toluene. Published in vivo LC50 values were identified for 11 of the 18 test agents and, with the exception of 2,4-dinitrophenol, there was a good correlation between the in vitro cytotoxicity of the test agents and their in vivo waterborne acute toxicity. The potencies of the substituted phenolics and chlorinated toluenes as determined by the in vitro cytotoxicity assay correlated strongly with their log octanol/water partition coefficients (log P). However, the toxicity of 2,3-dinitrotoluene in vitro, and apparently also in vivo, was not a function of its log P value.

A method was developed to analyze rat tissue, fat and blood for some chlorinated compounds found in an extract of soil from an industrial waste site. Extraction with hexane and ethyl ether-hexane (1 + 1) was followed by concentration over steam, and gas chromatographic analysis with an electron capture detector. Volatile compounds were analyzed in a glass column coated with 6% SP-2100 plus 4% OV-ll on Chromosorb W. Semivolatile compounds, chlorinated compounds and pesticides were analyzed in a 70 m glass capillary column coated with 5% OV-101. Phenols were analyzed in a glass column packed with 1% SP-1240 DA on Supelcoport. The most efficient means of separation was to use the same glass column for volatile compounds, a DB-5 fused silica capillary column for semivolatile compounds, pesticides and phenols, and the same 1% SP-1240 DA glass column for separation of beta-BHC and pentachlorophenol. Recoveries ranged from 86.3 + or - 9.1% (mean + or - SD) to 105 + or - 10.4%. Sensitivities for semivolatile chlorinated compounds, pesticides and phenols were 4 ng/g for fat, 1 ng/g for tissue and 0.2 ng/ml for blood. Sensitivities for volatile compounds were 4-fold higher (16, 4 and 0.8, respectively). Sensitivities for dichlorobenzenes and dichlorotoluenes were 8 ng/g for fat, 2 ng/g for tissue and 0.4 ng/ml for blood.

Quantitative structure-activity relationships were calculated between hydrophobicity of a group of organic chemicals with anaesthetic potency and toxicity (immobilization, mortality and inhibition of reproduction) to Daphnia magna. Differences in slopes of the high quality quantitative structure activity relationships might have been explained in terms of possible different sites of action for the 3 criteria of effect. The combined effects of mixtures of 5-50 chemicals on immobilization and mortality did not deviate from additivity, while the effect on reproduction deviated from it.

LC50-experiments were conducted using guppies subjected to 72 industrial pollutants. Correlation of the LC50 with several expressions of the hydrophobicity of these chemicals was studied. Calculated log Poct(partition coefficient)-values satisfied more than HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) retention indices, solubility data or molecular connectivity indices. One (quantitative structure-activity relationship), with log Poct as the only variable, gave good estimations of the toxicity of most tested compounds with log Poct, < 6. No LC50 could be determined for solutions of compounds with log Poct > 6.

2,4-Dichlorotoluene (CAS # 95-73-8) was evaluated for acute oral toxicity. The test substance was administered by oral intubation to male albino rats (2/group) at dosage levels of 100, 215, 464, 1000, 2150, and 4640 mg/kg of body weight. No mortality occurred. At 4640 mg/kg, toxic effects included prostration and tremors followed by depression, ataxia, labored respiration, blood-like crust around nostril, urine stains, and rough haircoat at 24- hours. Toxic effects gradually subsided, but rough coat persisted until termination.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

2,4-Dichlorotoluene's production and use as an intermediate in the manufacture of fungicides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, preservatives, and peroxides or for the manufacture of 2,4-dichlorobenzyl chloride and 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to the atmosphere, 2,4-dichlorotoluene should exist solely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere based on a measured vapor pressure of 0.458 mm Hg at 25 °C. Vapor-phase 2,4-dichlorotoluene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with a half-life of about 12 days. An estimated Koc of 4,800 suggests that 2,4-dichlorotoluene may have slight mobility in soil. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.2X10-3 atm cu m/mol. 2,4-Dichlorotoluene was found to be susceptible to anaerobic biodegradation in soil slurry microcosms under methanogenic conditions; complete degradation required 130 days. The predominant product of this reaction was 4-chlorotoluene, a small amount of 2-chlorotoluene was also produced. 2,4-Dichlorotoluene is expected to adsorb to suspended matter in the water based on its estimated Koc value. This compound should volatilize from water surfaces given its Henry's Law constant. Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF value of 1000 suggests that 2,4-dichlorotoluene may bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms. (SRC)

2,4-Dichlorotoluene's production and use as an intermediate in the manufacture of fungicides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, preservatives, and peroxides(1) or for the manufacture of 2,4-dichlorobenzyl chloride and 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4,800(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,4-dichlorotoluene will have only slight mobility in soil(SRC). 2,4-Dichlorotoluene was found to be susceptible to anaerobic biodegradation in soil slurry microcosms under methanogenic conditions; complete degradation required 130 days(4). The predominant product of this reaction was 4-chlorotoluene, a small amount of 2-chlorotoluene was also produced(4). Volatilization of 2,4-dichlorotoluene may be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.2X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a recommended regression equation(5) and from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on a measured vapor pressure of 0.458 mm Hg(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4,800(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(1), indicates that 2,4-dichlorotoluene may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Based on limited data, this compound may biodegrade under anaerobic conditions(SRC). 2,4-Dichlorotoluene was found to be susceptible to anaerobic biodegradation in soil slurry microcosms under methanogenic conditions; complete degradation required 130 days(3). The predominant product of this reaction was 4-chlorotoluene, a small amount of 2-chlorotoluene was also produced(3). 2,4-Dichlorotoluene may volatilize from water surfaces based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.2X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5 days, respectively(1,SRC), although adsorption to sediment or suspended material in water may attenuate this process(SRC). An estimated BCF value of 1000(1,SRC), from a measured log Kow(2), suggests that 2,4-dichlorotoluene will bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC), according to a recommended classification scheme(5). The half-life of 2,4-dichlorotoluene in the Rhine River in The Netherlands is 1 day as determined by measuring concentration differences over a reach of the river(6,SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,4-dichlorotoluene, which has a measured vapor pressure of 0.458 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), should exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,4-dichlorotoluene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 12 days(3,SRC).

2,4-Dichlorotoluene was found to be susceptible to anaerobic metabolism in soil slurry microcosms under methanogenic conditions. 2,4-Dichlorotoluene, at an initial concentration of 800 uM was completely degraded after 130 days; 50% degradation required about 90 days. The predominant product of this reaction was 4-chlorotoluene, a small amount of 2-chlorotoluene was also produced(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,4-dichlorotoluene with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 12 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). 2,4-Dichlorotoluene reacts with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere by addition to the aromatic ring and H-atom abstraction. 2,4-Dichlorotoluene has an adsorption band at 279.2 nm in the vapor phase and 280.5 in methanol that extends to about 300 nm(2,3). It may directly photolyze in sunlight(SRC); however, no information concerning photolysis rates could be found.

An estimated BCF value of 1000 was calculated for 2,4-dichlorotoluene(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 4.24(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will be an important fate process(SRC).

The Koc of 2,4-dichlorotoluene is estimated as approximately 4,800(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 4.24(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,4-dichlorotoluene will have only slight mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2,4-dichlorotoluene is estimated as 4.2X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that 2,4-dichlorotoluene will volatilize from water surfaces(2,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 4 hours(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 5 days(2,SRC). 2,4-Dichlorotoluene's value for Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC).

SURFACE WATER: 2,4-Dichlorotoluene was detected, but not quantified, in the Niagara River of the Lake Ontario Basin(1).

In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the U.S. EPA, 2,4-dichlorotoluene was identified in discharges of the following industrial categories (frequency of occurrence, median concn in ppb): rubber processing (1; 314.9), organic chemicals (11; 20.9), publicly owned treatment works (5; 40.4)(1). The highest effluent concn was 1424 ppb in the paint and ink industry(1). 2,4-Dichlorotoluene has been detected, but not quantified, in water samples at the Love Canal(2).

2,4-Dichlorotoluene has been detected, but not quantified, in soil/sediment samples at the Love Canal(1).

SOURCE AREAS: 2,4-Dichlorotoluene has been detected but not quantified in air samples at the Love Canal(1).

Quantitative structure-activity relationship estimates of toxicity of narcotic chemicals for 19 species of bacteria, algae, fungi, protozoans, coelenterates, rotifers, molluscs, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians were used to predict no-effect levels at the ecosystem level by means of recently developed extrapolation methods. Equilibrium partitioning theory was used to derive no effect levels for aquatic sedments and internal toxicant concentrations for aquatic organisms. A simple table is given from which no effect levels for narcotic chemicals for water, sediment, and residues in biota can be predicted on the basis of only the octanol/water partition coefficient and molecular weight. The method may be applied to setting quality criteria for the aquatic environment and to ecotoxicological interpretation of (bio)monitoring data. Calculations were carried out for 102 narcotic compounds.

Exposure to 2,4-dichlorotoluene would be primarily occupational via inhalation and dermal contact. (SRC)

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

2,4-Dichlorotoluene's production and use as an intermediate in the manufacture of fungicides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, preservatives, and peroxides or for the manufacture of 2,4-dichlorobenzyl chloride and 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to the atmosphere, 2,4-dichlorotoluene should exist solely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere based on a measured vapor pressure of 0.458 mm Hg at 25 °C. Vapor-phase 2,4-dichlorotoluene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with a half-life of about 12 days. An estimated Koc of 4,800 suggests that 2,4-dichlorotoluene may have slight mobility in soil. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.2X10-3 atm cu m/mol. 2,4-Dichlorotoluene was found to be susceptible to anaerobic biodegradation in soil slurry microcosms under methanogenic conditions; complete degradation required 130 days. The predominant product of this reaction was 4-chlorotoluene, a small amount of 2-chlorotoluene was also produced. 2,4-Dichlorotoluene is expected to adsorb to suspended matter in the water based on its estimated Koc value. This compound should volatilize from water surfaces given its Henry's Law constant. Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF value of 1000 suggests that 2,4-dichlorotoluene may bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms. (SRC)

2,4-Dichlorotoluene's production and use as an intermediate in the manufacture of fungicides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, preservatives, and peroxides(1) or for the manufacture of 2,4-dichlorobenzyl chloride and 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4,800(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,4-dichlorotoluene will have only slight mobility in soil(SRC). 2,4-Dichlorotoluene was found to be susceptible to anaerobic biodegradation in soil slurry microcosms under methanogenic conditions; complete degradation required 130 days(4). The predominant product of this reaction was 4-chlorotoluene, a small amount of 2-chlorotoluene was also produced(4). Volatilization of 2,4-dichlorotoluene may be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.2X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a recommended regression equation(5) and from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on a measured vapor pressure of 0.458 mm Hg(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4,800(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(1), indicates that 2,4-dichlorotoluene may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Based on limited data, this compound may biodegrade under anaerobic conditions(SRC). 2,4-Dichlorotoluene was found to be susceptible to anaerobic biodegradation in soil slurry microcosms under methanogenic conditions; complete degradation required 130 days(3). The predominant product of this reaction was 4-chlorotoluene, a small amount of 2-chlorotoluene was also produced(3). 2,4-Dichlorotoluene may volatilize from water surfaces based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.2X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 5 days, respectively(1,SRC), although adsorption to sediment or suspended material in water may attenuate this process(SRC). An estimated BCF value of 1000(1,SRC), from a measured log Kow(2), suggests that 2,4-dichlorotoluene will bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC), according to a recommended classification scheme(5). The half-life of 2,4-dichlorotoluene in the Rhine River in The Netherlands is 1 day as determined by measuring concentration differences over a reach of the river(6,SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,4-dichlorotoluene, which has a measured vapor pressure of 0.458 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), should exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,4-dichlorotoluene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 12 days(3,SRC).

2,4-Dichlorotoluene was found to be susceptible to anaerobic metabolism in soil slurry microcosms under methanogenic conditions. 2,4-Dichlorotoluene, at an initial concentration of 800 uM was completely degraded after 130 days; 50% degradation required about 90 days. The predominant product of this reaction was 4-chlorotoluene, a small amount of 2-chlorotoluene was also produced(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,4-dichlorotoluene with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.3X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 12 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). 2,4-Dichlorotoluene reacts with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere by addition to the aromatic ring and H-atom abstraction. 2,4-Dichlorotoluene has an adsorption band at 279.2 nm in the vapor phase and 280.5 in methanol that extends to about 300 nm(2,3). It may directly photolyze in sunlight(SRC); however, no information concerning photolysis rates could be found.

An estimated BCF value of 1000 was calculated for 2,4-dichlorotoluene(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 4.24(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will be an important fate process(SRC).

The Koc of 2,4-dichlorotoluene is estimated as approximately 4,800(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 4.24(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,4-dichlorotoluene will have only slight mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2,4-dichlorotoluene is estimated as 4.2X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that 2,4-dichlorotoluene will volatilize from water surfaces(2,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 4 hours(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 5 days(2,SRC). 2,4-Dichlorotoluene's value for Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC).

SURFACE WATER: 2,4-Dichlorotoluene was detected, but not quantified, in the Niagara River of the Lake Ontario Basin(1).

In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the U.S. EPA, 2,4-dichlorotoluene was identified in discharges of the following industrial categories (frequency of occurrence, median concn in ppb): rubber processing (1; 314.9), organic chemicals (11; 20.9), publicly owned treatment works (5; 40.4)(1). The highest effluent concn was 1424 ppb in the paint and ink industry(1). 2,4-Dichlorotoluene has been detected, but not quantified, in water samples at the Love Canal(2).

2,4-Dichlorotoluene has been detected, but not quantified, in soil/sediment samples at the Love Canal(1).

SOURCE AREAS: 2,4-Dichlorotoluene has been detected but not quantified in air samples at the Love Canal(1).

Quantitative structure-activity relationship estimates of toxicity of narcotic chemicals for 19 species of bacteria, algae, fungi, protozoans, coelenterates, rotifers, molluscs, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians were used to predict no-effect levels at the ecosystem level by means of recently developed extrapolation methods. Equilibrium partitioning theory was used to derive no effect levels for aquatic sedments and internal toxicant concentrations for aquatic organisms. A simple table is given from which no effect levels for narcotic chemicals for water, sediment, and residues in biota can be predicted on the basis of only the octanol/water partition coefficient and molecular weight. The method may be applied to setting quality criteria for the aquatic environment and to ecotoxicological interpretation of (bio)monitoring data. Calculations were carried out for 102 narcotic compounds.

Exposure to 2,4-dichlorotoluene would be primarily occupational via inhalation and dermal contact. (SRC)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Chlorotoluenes/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Chlorotoluenes/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Chlorotoluenes/

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Chlorotoluenes/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2,4-DICHLOROTOLUENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2238; Chlorotoluenes

IMO 3.3; Chlorotoluenes

49 131 48; Chlorotoluenes

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

UN Hazard Class: 9; UN Pack Group: III