2,4-diaminotoluene

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H361f ***: Suspected of damaging fertility [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H373 **: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (99.6%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H317 (100%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319 (43.4%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H341 (96.9%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350 (100%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H361 (56.2%): Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H361f (42.2%): Suspected of damaging fertility [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H373 (96.5%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H411 (100%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 258 reports by companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P273, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H361f: Suspected of damaging fertility [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Water flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

· For solids, prevent dust cloud and avoid inhalation of dust.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Spillage Disposal. Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do not let this chemical enter the environment. Do not wash away into sewer. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Spread over with 9:1 mixture of sand and soda ash. After mixing, transfer into a paper carton, stuffed with ruffled paper.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U221, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. /Toluenediamine/

Biodegradability in wastewater by activated-sludge was determined by evaluation of total org C (TOD) & COD removal efficiencies. 2,4-Diaminotoluene was easily decomposed.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for TOLUENE-2,4-DIAMINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for TOLUENE-2,4-DIAMINE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-Combustible)]:

Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. For solids, prevent dust cloud and avoid inhalation of dust. (ERG, 2024)

Well closed. Separated from oxidants and acids. Separated from food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Do NOT store or transport in containers made from aluminium or copper and its alloys. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.075 [mg/m3]

2.4 [mg/m3]

14 [mg/m3]

Ca (all isomers) See Appendix A

A potential occupational carcinogen. (NIOSH, 2024)

NIOSH considers toluenediamine to be a potential occupational carcinogen. /Toluenediamine/

Ca [N.D.]

See: IDLH INDEX

(vapour and aerosol): sensitization of skin (SH); skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 2; germ cell mutagen group: 3B

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (WEEL): 8-hr Time-weighted Average (TWA) 0.005 ppm, skin.

Ceiling limit: 2-10 mg/cu m (Romania, 1975; USSR, 1977). Time weighted avg (TWA): 2-5 mg/cu m (German Democratic Republic, 1979; USSR, 1977). Short term exposure limit (STEL): 4 mg/cu m (German Democratic Republic, 1979). /From table/

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes. The hot liquid may cause severe skin burns. The substance may cause effects on the liver and blood.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. The substance may have effects on the liver and kidneys. This may result in liver function impairment and kidney impairment. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans. May cause genetic damage in humans. May cause reproductive toxicity in humans.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Toluenediamine:

Skin: PREVENT SKIN CONTACT - Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin:

• WHEN CONTAMINATED - The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

• DAILY - The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift, and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, etc.

Remove: WHEN WET OR CONTAMINATED - Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

Change: DAILY - Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

Provide:

2,4-toluenediamine appears as a colorless crystalline solid. Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Irritates skin and eyes. Slightly soluble in water and neutrally buoyant in water. Decomposes with emission of toxic oxides of nitrogen at high temperatures. Used in making dyes.

Other Solid

Colorless solid; Darkened by air; [ICSC] Gray or brown powder or flakes; [Alfa Aesar MSDS]

COLOURLESS CRYSTALS. TURNS DARK ON EXPOSURE TO AIR.

Colorless crystalline solid.

Colorless to brown, needle-shaped crystals or powder. [Note: Tends to darken on storage & exposure to air. Properties given are for 2,4-TDA.]

Needles from water; crystals from alcohol

Prisms from alcohol

Colorless crystals

558 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

292 °C @760 [mm Hg]

210 °F (NTP, 1992)

300 °F (NTP, 1992)

[ICSC] 149 °C

1 to 5 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

Very soluble in water, ethanol, ethyl ether; soluble in acetone, carbon disulfide

Soluble in water, alcohol, and ether

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 3.5

1.045 at 212 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.26 kg/l

Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.00

1.05 (liquid at 212 °F)

1.05 (Liquid at 212 °F)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.2

1 mmHg at 223.7 °F ; 10 mmHg at 305.1 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.00017 [mmHg]

VP: 1 mm Hg at 106.5 °C

1.70X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 106.5 °C: 0.13

1 mmHg at 224 °F

0.75 [mm Hg] @100.4 °C

(224 °F): 1 mmHg

log Kow = 0.14

Readily becomes oxidized in neutral or alkaline soln to form dark products

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides.

122.3 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT; Buffer gas: N2; Ionization: ESI+; Dataset: TOXCAST; Source Identifier: DTXSID4020402]

Boiling point

Heat of sublimation

Vapor pressure

Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)

Soluble in water, alcohol and ether.

Amines, Aromatic

2,4-TOLUENEDIAMINE neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. May generate hydrogen, a flammable gas, in combination with strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Reacts vigorously with oxidizing agents (USCG, 1999).

None reported

2,4-Diaminotoluene

No data are available in humans. Sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 2B: The agent is possibly carcinogenic to humans.

2,4-Diaminotoluene: reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 16: (1978) Some Aromatic Amines and Related Nitro Compounds – Hair Dyes, Colouring Agents and Miscellaneous Industrial Chemicals

Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print)

2,4-Diaminotoluene (2,4-toluene diamine)

TR-162: Bioassay of 2,4-Diaminotoluene for Possible Carcinogenicity (CASRN 95-80-7) (1979 )

12/13/78

Clear Evidence

No Evidence

Under the conditions of this bioassay, 2,4-diaminotoluene was carcinogenic for F344 rats, inducing hepatocellular carcinomas or neoplastic nodules in both males and females and carcinomas or adenomas of the mammary gland in females. The test chemical was also carcinogenic for female B6C3F1 mice, inducing hepatocellular carcinomas. The incidence of lymphomas in the female mice suggested that these tumors may also have been related to administration of the test chemical.

2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol or vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Sore throat.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness.

Redness. Pain.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; dermatitis; ataxia, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, convulsions, resp depression; methemoglobinemia, cyanosis, headache, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), dizziness, bluish skin; liver injury; [potential occupational carcinogen]

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, blood, cardiovascular system, liver

[in animals: liver, skin & mammary gland tumors]

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 3: Chemicals are not classifiable by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

NTP Carcinogen - Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

LDLo Rat oral 500 mg/kg.

TDLo Rat sc 280 mg/kg.

LD50 Mouse Intraperitoneal 480 mg/kg

LD50 Rat Intraperitoneal 325 mg/kg

... In rats fed various combinations of 0.1% 2,4-diaminotoluene & 0.25% ethionine in diet, there was evidence of incr incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas over that in rats treated with 2,4-diaminotoluene alone.

The mutagenicity of 2,4-diaminotoluene in Ames's Salmonella/microsome test was remarkably enhanced by treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, identification of the major mutagenic reaction product of 2,4-diaminotoluene with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature has been performed. Red precipitates were produced in a 2 day reaction mixture and were column chromatographed on silica gel. 5 Fractions having mutagenic potency were obtained. The red crystalline needles, obtained as the major reaction product, were separated from fraction 2 and were subjected to high resolution mass spectrometry, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectrometry. The structure of the compound was determined to be 2,7-diamino-3,8-dimethylphenazine from physicochemical and chemical evidence. The compound induced 212 revertants/nmole in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 with 25 uL S9 per plate.

In studies of the metabolism of aromatic amines in the Ames/Salmonella assay, a rapid and quantitative conversion of the mutagenic and carcinogenic aromatic amine 2,4-diaminotoluene to a single product was observed. This product was only produced in the presence of methanol, and not other organic solvents. Isolation of this product showed that it was highly mutagenic in Salmonella TA98 with S9 activation. Characterization of the product of the interaction of methanol and 2,4-diaminotoluene indicated that methanol is activated to a reactive intermediate, probably formaldehyde by the 9000 X g supernatant used in the Ames/Salmonella assay. The formaldehyde subsequently reacts with 2,4-diaminotoluene to form the mutagenic product, identified as bis-5,5'(2,4,2',4-tetraaminotolyl)methane. Results of this study demonstrate that methanol may be an inappropriate solvent for mutation and metabolism studies of aromatic amines and possibly other chemicals, and that solvent xenobiotic interactions may in some cases lead to the misinterpretation of results.

2,4-Diaminotoluene, an aromatic amine hepatocarcinogen in rats and mice, reacts extensively with formaldehyde produced by the oxidation of methanol to form a single reaction product. Using (1)H and (13)C NMR and high resolution mass spectroscopy, this product was shown to be bis(2,4-diamino-5-tolyl)methane. This reaction product is shown to occur under conditions whereby methanol is metabolized to formaldehyde by rat hepatic postmitochondrial supernatant. These results demonstrate a novel reaction of aromatic amines and formaldehyde in biological samples and indicate that methanol as a solvent may become activated in vitro and produce complex interactions with solutes.

The carcinogenicity of 2,4-diaminotoluene in male Wistar rats fed diets containing 0.06% or 0.1% was antagonized by concomitant feeding of 3-methycholanthrene, alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate or para-hydroxypropiophenone.

Irrigate eyes with water. Wash contaminated area of body with soap and water.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If patient is unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic bases/Amines and related compounds/

Periodical physical examination including study of liver function and red blood count. /Protect/ from exposure those individuals with diseases of blood and liver.

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green Alga) exponential growth phase; Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C, pH 6.0-7.5; Concentration: 78.1 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 60-100.7 ug/L); Effect: decreased population abundance /formulation/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age <24 hr, Lake Langedam strain; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.8-8.0, hardness 250 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 94-99%; Concentration: 12000 ug/L for 24 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization /98% purity/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age <24 hr, Lake Langedam strain; Conditions: freshwater, renewal, 20 °C, pH 7.8-8.0, hardness 250 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 94-99%; Concentration: 1600 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization /98% purity/

LC50; Species: Oryzias latipes (Japanese Medaka) age 28-43 days juvenile, weight 18-71 mg; Conditions: freshwater, flow through, 25 °C, pH 7.88, hardness 45.8 (38.0-52.0) mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 45.9 (35.0-58.5) mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 6.8 mg/L; Concentration: 912000 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 797000-1040000 ug/L) /98% purity/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for TOLUENE-2,4-DIAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

Toluene-2,4-diamine's production and use in hair dye products and as a chain extender and cross-linker, intermediate in organic synthesis of dyes, polymers, especially polyurethanes may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.70X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates toluene-2,4-diamine will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase toluene-2,4-diamine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hours. Particulate-phase toluene-2,4-diamine will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. Toluene-2,4-diamine absorbs light at wavelengths of 294 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, toluene-2,4-diamine is expected to have low mobility based upon Koc values of 1331 and 1346. The estimated pKa of toluene-2,4-diamine is 5.35, indicating that this compound will exist partially in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Aromatic amines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group, suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon a estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.5X10-10 atm-cu m/mole. Toluene-2,4-diamine may not volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing a shake flask test and soil inoculum, 35% 14-CO2 evolution was reached in 375 days indicating that biodegradation is a slow environmental fate process in soil. If released into water, toluene-2,4-diamine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc values. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water. Volatilization of the neutral species from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated pKa of 5.35 indicates toluene-2,4-diamine will exist partially in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. A BCF range of 1.9-3.3 suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to toluene-2,4-diamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where toluene-2,4-diamine is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to toluene-2,4-diamine via dermal contact with consumer products containing toluene-2,4-diamine. (SRC)

Toluene-2,4-diamine's production and use in hair dye products(1) and as a chain extender and cross-linker, intermediate in organic synthesis of dyes, polymers, especially polyurethanes(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 1331 and 1346(2) indicate that toluene-2,4-diamine is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). The estimated pKa of toluene-2,4-diamine is 5.35(3), indicating that this compound will exist partially in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Aromatic amines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(8,9), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC). Volatilization of toluene-2,4-diamine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.5X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(5). Toluene-2,4-diamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.70X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(6). Utilizing a shake flask test and soil inoculum, 35% 14-CO2 evolution was reached in 375 days(7) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil.

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 1331-1346(2), indicate that toluene-2,4-diamine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization of the neutral species from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.5X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). An estimated pKa of 5.35(5) indicates toluene-2,4-diamine will exist partially in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), a BCF range of 1.9-3.3(7) suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(7) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), toluene-2,4-diamine, which has a vapor pressure of 1.70X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase toluene-2,4-diamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.92X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Particulate-phase toluene-2,4-diamine may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Toluene-2,4-diamine absorbs light at wavelengths of>294 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Toluene-2,4-diamine, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1). A decline of 45% in the theoretical organic carbon of toluene-2,4-diamine was observed after 4 hr exposure to activated sludge in a fill and draw apparatus(2). When incubated with a synthetic batch activated sludge acclimated to the 2,4- and 2-6-isomers, diaminotoluenes, present at 300 mg/L, were 80% biodegraded in 4 days(3). Toluene-2,4-diamine, (ring-labeled), produced 35% 14-CO2 evolution in 375 days using a soil inoculum in the shake flask test(4). Adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate biodegradation(5). Using an inoculum from a munitions manufacturing wastewater treatment plant in Radford, VA, toluene-2,4-diamine, present at 500 mg/L, yielded 41.1 mg COD, with each 0.55 mM addition being consumed within 2-4 days(6).

ANAEROBIC: 2,6-Diaminotoluene, present at 70 uM, was 83% biodegraded in 55 weeks using a groundwater inoculum incubated under nitrate-reducing conditions. The groundwater was collected from a methanogenic site located within the anoxic aquifer underlying the Norman, OK municipal landfill(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of toluene-2,4-diamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 1.92X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). Toluene-2,4-diamine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Toluene-2,4-diamine absorbs light at wavelengths of >294 nm(3) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Singlet oxygen, alkyl peroxyl radicals, alkoxy radicals and hydroxyl radicals, which are generated by sunlight, are capable of oxidizing toluene-2,4-diamine. The reaction of structurally similar aniline with alkyl peroxy radicals is rapid, with a half-life of less than several days(4).

A BCF range of 1.9-3.3 was measured in fish for toluene-2,4-diamine, present at 1 mg/L, and orange-red killifish (Oryzias latipes) which were exposed over an 6-week period(1). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF range suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using aerobic conditions with a Washington silt loam surface soil (21% sand; 60% silt; 19% clay; pH 5; 1.3% total organic carbon) from a farm field planted with a rotation of corn and soybeans near Bethehem, PA and a Freehold sandy loam soil (53% sand; 40% silt; 7% clay; pH 5.8; 1.6% total organic carbon) from the Rutgers Experimental Farm, Adelphia, NJ, the Koc of toluene-2,4-diamine were measured to be 1331 and 1346, respectively. Under anaerobic conditions, Koc values were 713 and 1054, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that toluene-2,4-diamine is expected to have low mobility in soil. The estimated pKa of toluene-2,4-diamine is 5.35(3), indicating that this compound will exist partially in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Aromatic amines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(5,6), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for the neutral species of toluene-2,4-diamine is estimated as 9.5X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that toluene-2,4-diamine is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(2). An estimated pKa of 5.35(3) indicates toluene-2,4-diamine will exist partially in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Toluene-2,4-diamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.7X10-4 mm Hg(4).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 8,511 workers (396 of these were female) were potentially exposed to toluene-2,4-diamine in the US(1). Occupational exposure to toluene-2,4-diamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where toluene-2,4-diamine is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to toluene-2,4-diamine via dermal contact with consumer products containing toluene-2,4-diamine(SRC).

Toluene-2,4-diamine concentrations of <0.01-5.7 ug/hr and <0.01-5.5 ng/L were reported as urinary elimination rates and plasma levels, respectively, of 15 factory workers exposed to thermal degradation products of TDI-based flexible foam and MDI-based polyurethane glue(1).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U221, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. /Toluenediamine/

Biodegradability in wastewater by activated-sludge was determined by evaluation of total org C (TOD) & COD removal efficiencies. 2,4-Diaminotoluene was easily decomposed.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for TOLUENE-2,4-DIAMINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at lease 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible..

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for TOLUENE-2,4-DIAMINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1709 151(2,4-Toluenediamine)

UN 1709; 2,4-Toluylenediamine, solid or 2,4-toluenediamine, solid

UN 3418; 2,4-Toluylenediamine solution or 2,4-toluenediamine solution

IMO 6.1; 2,4-Toluylenediamine

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

May be handled and shipped in the molten state.

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

For more Shipment Methods and Regulations (Complete) data for TOLUENE-2,4-DIAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T, N; R: 45-21-25-43-48/22-62-68-51/53; S: 53-45-61; Note: E

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III