2,4,5-trichlorophenol

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 12 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P318, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. To remove substance use polyethylene glycol 300 or vegetable oil. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Phenols are very toxic poisons AND corrosive and irritating, so that inducing vomiting may make medical problems worse. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

If material /is/ involved in /a/ fire, extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty. /Trichlorophenol/

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture: Carbon oxides, hydrogen chloride gas.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Land Spill Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. /Trichlorophenol/

Water Spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. If dissolved, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Trichlorophenol/

ACTIVATED CARBON IS A GOOD METHOD FOR REMOVING CHLOROPHENOLS FROM WATER. COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION OCCURS BETWEEN CHLOROPHENOLS & HUMIC SUBSTANCES PRESENT IN NEARLY ALL MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLIES. THIS COMPETITION DECR THE CAPACITY OF CARBON FOR CHLOROPHENOLS. /CHLOROPHENOLS/

Accidental Release Measures: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers D041 and F027, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. /Trichlorophenols/

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol: biological treatment.

Waste treatment methods. Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Keep material out of water sources and sewers; Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Keep upwind; Avoid breathing vapors or dusts; Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Trichlorophenol/

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material at ambient temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

Storage temp: ambient

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Keep in a dry place.

1.0 [mg/m3]

27 [mg/m3]

160 [mg/m3]

Intermediate Oral: 0.003 mg/kg/day (A234)

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached when dispersed.

The substance is severely irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. The substance may have effects on the liver and kidneys.

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. Splash proof safety goggles should be worn while handling this chemical. Alternatively, a full face respirator, equipped as above, may be used to provide simultaneous eye and respiratory protection. (NTP, 1992)

/Wear/ approved dust respirator for toxic dusts; goggles; protective clothing to prevent contact with skin.

Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166 Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: For nuisance exposures use type P95 (US) or type P1 (EU EN 143) particle respirator.For higher level protection use type OV/AG/P99 (US) or type ABEK-P2 (EU EN 143) respirator cartridges. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

NO open flames. NO contact with strong oxidizing agents.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles, face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection if powder.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

2,4,5-trichlorophenol appears as colorless needles, gray flakes or off-white lumpy solid. Phenolic odor. Formerly used as a fungicide and bactericide.

Colorless to gray solid with a strong odor of phenol; [HSDB] White powder; [MSDSonline]

COLOURLESS-TO-YELLOW CRYSTALS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Needles from alcohol, petroleum ether

Needles from alcohol or ligroin

Gray flakes in sublimed mass

Colorless needles

Strong phenolic odor

Taste threshold concentration in water is 1.0 ug/L

487 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

Sublimes. BP: 248 °C at 746 mm Hg; 253 °C at 760 mm Hg; pK (25 °C) 7.37

247 °C @760 [mm Hg]

154 °F (NTP, 1992)

133.0 °C (271.4 °F) (Closed cup)

133 °C c.c.

less than 1 mg/mL at 70 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 1,200 mg/L at 25 °C

In water, 8.82X10+2 mg/kg at 25 °C

Solubility (g/100 g solvent, 25 °C): 615 acetone; 163 benzene; 51 carbon tetrachloride; 525 ether; 30, 525 denatured alc formula; 615 methanol; 56 liquid petrolatum at 50 °C; 79 soybean oil; 122 toluene

Very soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, benzene; soluble in acetic acid

Solubility in water, g/l at 20 °C: 1.2 (poor)

1.678 at 77 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

Specific gravity: 1.678 at 25 °C/4 °C

1.68 g/cm³

1.678 @25 °C

greater than 1 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 6.8

1 mmHg at 162 °F ; 5 mmHg at 215.8 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.008 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg at 72.0 °C

0.0075 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 25 °C: 2.9

0.008 [mm Hg] @25 °C

log Kow = 3.72

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

When heated to decomp, it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/ and explodes.

13,237.0 g cal/g mole

Weak monobasic acid

Odor threshold in water is as follows: 100 ug/l at 30 °C, 1000 ug/l @ 25 °C.

pKa = 7.43

Insoluble in water.

Phenols and Cresols

Acids, Weak

Aryl Halides

2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOL is a weak monobasic acid. Incompatible with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and oxidizing agents. Produces dioxin in alkaline medium at high temperatures (NTP, 1992)

... The reaction of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol in an alkaline medium at high temperatures ... /produces/ ... dioxin ... .

Incompatible materials: Oxidizing agents.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 2, 4, 5-Trichlorophenol (2, 4, 5-TCP) comes in the form of colorless needles from alcohols or in gray flakes. It was formerly used as a fungicide, bactericide, biocide; intermediate in production of herbicides, in adhesives as a preservative in polyvinyl acetate emulsions; in the automotive industry to preserve rubber gaskets; in textiles to preserve emulsions used in the rayon industry; in cooling towers; paper and pulp mill systems; hide and leather processing; on swimming pool related surfaces; sickroom equipment; and food processing plants and equipment. 2,4,5-TCP is not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: In the eye, trichlorophenols induce conjunctival irritation and sometimes corneal injury and iritis. dusts are irritating to nose and pharynx. Dermatoses, including photoallergic contact dermatitis, have been reported in man after exposure to 2,4,5-TCP, these include papulofollicular lesions, comedones, sebaceous cysts, and marked hyperkeratosis. During the clean-up following explosions during 2,4,5-TCP manufacture, chloracne was generally severe, and many cases had some signs or symptoms or lab abnormalities indicating systemic toxicity. Systemic effects of trichlorophenols presumably resemble phenol. Symptoms from upper airways and chest were more common among 7 subjects exposed to trichlorophenol than in control subjects (60% and 10%). The findings suggest an irritating effect on the lung of trichlorophenol, and it cannot be excluded that long-term exposure may produce pulmonary fibrosis. 2,4,5-TCP has not been shown to have a teratogenic effect. In a study of workers exposed to 2, 4, 5-TCP 10 years earlier, neither chromosomal aberrations nor sister chromatid exchanges were observed. Exposure to chlorophenols has been shown to cause an increased incidence of carcinomas including a significant trend observed for total gastrointestinal system cancer related to work in 2,4,5-TCP and 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)-propionic-acid production areas. ANIMAL STUDIES: Restlessness and increased rate of respiration followed by rapidly developing motor weakness. tremors, clonic convulsions (induced by noise or touch), dyspnea, and coma continue until death. D-amino acid oxidase and heart muscle flavoproteins were inhibited by 2,4,5-TCP in vitro. In rat and rabbit hyperpyrexia from injections of trichlorophenols has been reported. In a 98-day feeding study in rats, 0.3 g and 1 g/kg body weight/day doses of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol retarded weight gain and caused diuresis, mild centrilobular changes in the liver, moderate degenerative changes in the convoluted tubules of the kidneys and early proliferative changes in the kidney interstitial tissue. Slight proliferation of bile ducts and early portal cirrhosis were also observed. The severity of effects was dose related. No significant effects were observed with doses of 100 mg/kg body weight/day (0.1% in diet) or less. 2,4,5-TCP given by gavage to pregnant mice in single doses of 800-900 mg/kg or multiple doses of 250-300 mg/kg caused no significant fetal effects and the results obtained in Hydra attenuata and whole embryo culture assays suggest that chlorinated phenols are not potent teratogens. Hydra attenuata and whole embryo culture studies demonstrated a linear relationship between toxicity and the degree of chlorine substitution with pentachlorophenol > 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol > 2,3,5-TCP > 3,5-dichlorophenol > 4-chlorophenol > phenol. The developmental hazard index A/D ratios from the Hydra attenuata assay were approximately 1 for all of the chemicals tested. Findings from the whole embryo culture assay indicated similar results based on growth, gross morphology, and DNA and protein content of embryos. The results obtained in the Hydra attenuata and whole embryo culture assays suggest that the chlorinated phenols are not potent teratogens. 3-Chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,3,6-, 2,4,5-, 2,4,6-TCP, 4-chloro-2-methylphenol, and 4-chloro-3-methylphenol produced mutagenic activity at least in one tester strain (TA97, TA98, TA100, or TA104) in the Ames test. The induction of forward mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance in V79 Chinese hamster cells by six different chlorophenols was examined. Each of the chlorophenols tested reduced the plating efficiency in a dose dependent manner including 2,4,5-TCP at doses of 6.25 to 50 ug/mL. This cytotoxic effect can be attributed to the ability of pentachlorophenol and other chlorophenols to inhibit oxidative phosphorylation. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Chlorinated phenols represent a major component of hazardous oily and wood-preserving wastes that are widely distributed in chemical dumpsites throughout the United States. The acute toxicity of some chlorinated phenols, catechols, and cresols, incl 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, to trout was determined. The lowest lethal concn of the cmpd studied was 0.20 ppm caused by pentachlorophenols, tetrachlorophenols, and trichlorophenols. The residue of chlorophenol in larval tissue was measured and the correlation to the concentration on larval mortality was highly significant in the growth test. In the emergence test, however, mortality was low (3-13%) at all concentrations. 2, 4, 5-TCP did not affect larval growth at the concentrations used. The concentration of 2, 4, 5-TCP in the whole larvae after the 10-day exposure was proportional to sediment concentration.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenol is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase inhibitor (or 'anticholinesterase') suppresses the action of acetylcholinesterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholinesterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses, followed by muscle spasms and ultimately death. Nerve gases and many substances used in insecticides have been shown to act by binding a serine in the active site of acetylcholine esterase, inhibiting the enzyme completely. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop. Among the most common acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are phosphorus-based compounds, which are designed to bind to the active site of the enzyme. The structural requirements are a phosphorus atom bearing two lipophilic groups, a leaving group (such as a halide or thiocyanate), and a terminal oxygen.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenol

1 x 10 ^-1 mg/kg-day

Evaluation: There is limited evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of combined exposures to polychlorophenols or to their sodium salts. ... There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. ... Overall evaluation: Combined exposures to polychlorophenols or to their sodium salts are possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). /Polychlorophenols/

2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Certain reproductive effects in fertility, growth, and development for males and females have been linked specifically to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Most of the research on reproductive effects has been conducted on farmers working with pesticides and insecticdes in rural areas. In females menstrual cycle disturbances, longer pregnancies, spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and some developmental effects in offspring have been linked to organophosphate pesticide exposure. Prenatal exposure has been linked to impaired fetal growth and development. Neurotoxic effects have also been linked to poisoning with OP pesticides causing four neurotoxic effects in humans: cholinergic syndrome, intermediate syndrome, organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP), and chronic organophosphate-induced neuropsychiatric disorder (COPIND). These syndromes result after acute and chronic exposure to OP pesticides.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion.

Oral (L159) ; inhalation (L159) ; dermal (L159) ; eye (L159)

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Dizziness. Headache. Vomiting. Fatigue. Sweating.

Inhalation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol may cause coughing and sore throat. Eye or skin contact causes redness and pain at the site of contact. Convulsions, diarrhoea, dizziness, headache, shortness of breath, vomiting, weakness, and ataxia may occur after ingestion (L159).

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Other Poison - Uncoupler

Dermatotoxin - Chloracne.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 3: Chemicals are not classifiable by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

3 x 10^-1 mg/kg-day

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

IRIS Current

PPRTV Current

ATSDR Final

LD50: 820 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (L725)

LD50 Rat oral 820 mg/kg; Solvent: fuel oil

LD30 Rat oral 2,960 mg/kg; Solvent: fuel oil

LD50 Rat sc 2,260 mg/kg; Solvent: fuel oil

LD50 Rat ip 355 mg/kg; Solvent: olive oil

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.

When nonlethal levels of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (0.2 mM) and the Cu(II)-bis(1,10-phenanthroline) complex [Cu(II)(OP)2] (0.1 microM) were combined, a remarkable synergistic cytotoxicity was observed as measured by the extent of bacterial inactivation. In contrast, no such synergism was observed for the combination of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol with the Cu(II)-bis(bathophenanthroline disulfonate) complex [Cu(II)(BPS)2] which has a chemical structure similar to Cu(II)(OP)2, except for the net charge. The synergism observed for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and Cu(II)(OP)2 was found to be due to the neutralization of their opposite charge and formation of a lipophilic ternary complex which facilitated copper transport into the bacterial cells.

A 21% soln of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol in acetone increased the incidence of papillomas in mice pretreated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Carcinomas did not develop during the 16 week experiment.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Phenols and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . Do not use emetics ... . Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . Maintain body temperature. /Phenols and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is sympotomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. Direct physician order only ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Phenols and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Symptoms and pulmonary function were evaluated in 7 subjects exposed to trichlorophenol. Symptoms from upper airways and chest were more common among exposed than in control subjects (60% and 10%). Significantly reduced forced expiratory flow at 75% of vital capacity and incr closing vol were measured, while other spirometric variables and the transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide were normal. Incr elastic recoil pressure of the lung and x-ray signs of lung tissue involvement were noticed in 2 subjects. The findings suggest an irritating effect on the lung of trichlorophenol, and it cannot be excluded that long-term exposure may produce pulmonary fibrosis. /Trichlorophenol/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Trichlorophenols ... produce redness & edema on skin contact & on prolonged exposure even mild to moderate chemical burns of skin of man. In eye they induce conjunctival irritation & sometimes corneal injury & iritis. Dusts are irritating to nose & pharynx. Systemic effects ... presumably resemble ... phenol ... /Trichlorophenols/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Where chemical contact has been gross, the worst known examples being during the clean-up following explosions during 2,4,5-trichlorophenol manufacture ... chloracne was generally severe, and many cases had some signs or symptoms or lab abnormalities indicating systemic toxicity.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Adverse health effects have been seen in workers exposed to chlorophenols contaminated with tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin or to products synthesized from trichlorophenol. These effects, probably due to tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin include persistent chloracne, liver dysfunction, neuromuscular weakness, porphyria and psychological changes. /Chlorophenols/

LC50; Species: Carassius auratus (Goldfish); Concentration: 1,700 ug/L for 24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

EC50; Species: Selenastrum capricornutum (green algae); Concentration: 1,220 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: decreased population abundance /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

EC50; Species: Skeletonema costatum (diatom); Concentration: 890 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: decreased chlorophyll A concentration /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

EC50; Species: Skeletonema costatum (diatom); Concentration: 960 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: cell count /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOL (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Several biotic and abiotic stress factors may affect aquatic organisms simultaneously. However, not much is known about the effects of, e.g., low temperatures and parasite infections on the toxicokinetics of organic hydrophobic chemicals. Here we studied the accumulation and depuration of [(14)C]2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP) and [(3)H]benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in the sediment-dwelling freshwater clam Pisidium amnicum. Experiments were made in October (+15 °C), April (+4 °C), and July (+15 °C) both with uninfected clams and clams infected with Bunodera luciopercae (Trematoda). The accumulation rate for both chemicals was slower at 4 °C than at 15 °C. The depuration of TCP was biphasic, and the slowest depuration occurred at 4 °C. For BaP, the depuration was very slow and monophasic at all temperatures. The highest BCFs for both chemicals were found in July at 15 °C. Surprisingly, the BCFs for TCP were higher in April at 4 °C than in October at 15 °C. For BaP, no steady-state was reached in April. Differences in chemical toxicokinetics between the infected and uninfected clams were only minor. However, for both chemicals a trend of slightly lower BCFs in the infected clams was found. In conclusion, low temperatures modify the toxicokinetics of organic chemicals in P. amnicum and the effects depend on hydrophobicity of the chemical. The effects of parasites on toxicokinetics seem to be small.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The acute toxicity of some chlorinated phenols, catechols, and cresols, including 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, to trout was determined. The lowest lethal concentration of the compound studied was 0.20 ppm caused by pentachlorophenols, tetrachlorophenols, and trichlorophenols.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Complete destruction of chlorophyll in Chlorella pyrenoidosa 10,000 ug/L. /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Subchronic and chronic toxicity of sediment-associated 2,4, 5-trichlorophenol to the midge Chironomus riparius was determined by conducting a 10-day growth and a 50-day emergence tests with spiked lake sediment (nominal initial TCP concentrations were 25, 51, 101, 203, 304 and 405 micromol/kg-1dry weight in the growth test and 25, 76, 152 and 304 micromol/kg dry weight the emergence test). In addition, we measured the residue of chlorophenol in larval tissue and made an attempt to relate it with the observed adverse biological responses. The larvae were exposed individually to avoid density-dependent effects of mortality on food ration and growth of the surviving larvae. In the growth test, mortality was low at sediment concentrations </=193 micromol TCP/kg, but it increased sharply at the higher concentrations being 37 and 94% at 334 and 441 micromol/kg DW, respectively. The effect of sediment TCP concentration on larval mortality was highly significant (10-day LC50 337 micromol TCP/kg dry sediment) in the growth test. In the emergence test, however, mortality was low (3-13%) at all concentrations. TCP did not affect larval growth at the concentrations used. The concentration of TCP in the whole larvae after the 10-day exposure was proportional to sediment concentration, being at highest 160 micromol/kg fresh weight. When the average body residues of TCP were below 80 micromol/kg, mortality was low, but it increased when the body residue approached 100 micromol/kg. After the 10-day exposure, the body residue, at which 50% of the larvae survived (CBR50) was 113 micromol/g. TCP exposure accelerated larval development and the midges exposed to 171 and 324 micromol TCP/kg emerged earlier than those in the other concentrations or in the control sediment. In natural environments, sediment-associated chlorophenolics are probably not a major environmental problem to benthic fauna because concentrations similar to that which we observed to cause adverse effects to C. riparius (>60 mg/kg dry sediment) are rare.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

6.30e+03

8.20e+04

1.20e+03

5.00e+00

4.00e+00

1.00e-01

Volatile

1.90e+04

2.50e+05

3.50e+03

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenol's former production and use as a precursor of the herbicide 2,4,5-T, and in the production fungicides and preservatives may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its formation as a breakdown product on the herbicide 2,4,5-T resulted in its direct release to the environment. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol may be released to the environment as a result of the chlorination of phenol-containing wastewater or drinking water. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.0075 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2,4,5-trichlorophenol will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,4,5-trichlorophenol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6.8 days. If released to soil, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol is expected to have high to slight mobility based upon Koc values of 89-2300. The pKa of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol is 7.43, indicating that this compound will exist partially in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization of the anion form from moist soil is not expected because anions do not volatilize. Volatilization of the neutral form from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol is expected to biodegrade in soils based on a biodegradation half-life of about 15 days in a soil slurry under aerobic conditions. If released into water, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc values. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol is expected to biodegrade in water based on biodegradation half-lives of 23 days in aerobic sediment, 130 days in anaerobic sediment and 690 days in river water. Volatilization from water surfaces of the anion form is not expected to be an important fate process because ions do not volatilize. Volatilization of the neutral form from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for the neutral form for a model river and model lake are 6.8 and 240 days, respectively. 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol is expected to undergo photolysis in surface waters based on an aqueous photolysis half-life of 1 hour when irradiated with light at environmentally relevant wavelengths. BCFs of 121-825 in carp and 1900 in fathead minnow suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2,4,5-trichlorophenol is used or where chlorine containing compounds are employed for bleaching or disinfection purposes. The general population may be exposed to 2,4,5-trichlorophenol through the ingestion of contaminated water sources. (SRC)

2,4,5-Trichlorophenol is not known to occur as a natural product(1).

Chlorophenols may be produced inadvertently by chlorination reactions which take place during the disinfection of wastewater effluents or drinking water sources. Chlorinated phenols represent important compounds with regard to potential point source and non-point source water contamination. /Chlorinated phenols/

2,4,5-Trichlorophenol's former production and use as a precursor of the herbicide 2,4,5-T, and in the production fungicides and preservatives(1) may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its formation as a breakdown product on the herbicide 2,4,5-T(2) resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol may be released to the environment as a result of the chlorination of phenol-containing wastewater or drinking water(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 89-2300(2-4), indicate that 2,4,5-trichlorophenol is expected to have high to slight mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol is 7.43(5), indicating that this compound will exist partially in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(6). Volatilization of the anion form of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol from moist soil surfaces is not expected because anions do not volatilize(SRC). Volatilization of neutral 2,4,5-trichlorophenol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 0.0075 mm Hg(7), and water solubility, 1200 mg/L(8). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(7). This compound is expected to biodegrade in soils with a biodegradation half-life of about 15 days in a soil slurry under aerobic conditions(9).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 89-2300(2-4), indicate that 2,4,5-trichlorophenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 7.43(5) indicates 2,4,5-trichlorophenol will exist partially in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization of the anion form from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Volatilization of the neutral form from water surfaces is expected(6) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.0075 mm Hg(7), and water solubility, 1200 mg/L(8). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(6), volatilization half-lives for the neutral form from a model river and model lake are 32 and 240 days, respectively(SRC). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(6). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol is expected to undergo photolysis in surface waters based on an aqueous photolysis half-life of 1 hour(9) when irradiated with light at environmentally relevant wavelengths. According to a classification scheme(10), BCFs of 121-825 in carp(11) and 1900 in fathead minnow(12), suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high(SRC). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol is expected to biodegrade in water based on biodegradation half-lives of 23 days in aerobic sediment(13), 130 days in anaerobic sediment(14) and 690 days in river water(13).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, which has a vapor pressure of 0.0075 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,4,6-trichlorophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6.8 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3).

AEROBIC: The rate of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol biodegradation (measured by CO2 evolution) in river water and sediment corresponded to half-lives of 690 and 23 days, respectively(1). Using the Japanese MITI test, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol present at 100 ppm underwent <30% degradation in 2 weeks using an activated sludge at 30 ppm(2). Mixed microbial cultures isolated from toluene and phenol activated sludge, resulted in 50% biodegradation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol in 2 days(3). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol, present at 50 mg/L, took >47 and >72 days for complete degradation when added to 2 different soil suspensions(4). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was aerobically degraded 72% and 9% in 80 days in non-sterile and sterile clay loam, respectively(5). Microbial degradation, volatilization, and photodecomposition were ruled out in the sterile soil indicating that other mechanisms contribute to degradation(5). An aerobic biodegradation half-life of 23 days was determined for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol from a river die-away test(6). Biodegradation half-life (measured by loss of UV absorbance) for 10 ug/L 2,4,5-trichlorophenol added to a soil suspension was 15 days(7). Soil microbes metabolized 2,4,5-trichlorophenol to 3,5-dichlorocatechol, 4-chlorocatechol, succinate, cis,cis-2,4-dichloromuconate, 2-chloro-4-(carboxymethylene)but-2-enolide, and chlorosuccinate(7).

ANAEROBIC: An anaerobic biodegradation half-life of 130 days was determined for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol from a river die-away test(1). Anaerobic degradation of 8% and 5% in 80 days was reported in non-sterile and sterile clay loam, respectively(2). Microbial degradation, volatilization, and photodecomposition were ruled out in both sterile and non-sterile soils under anaerobic conditions indicating that other mechanisms contribute to degradation(2). Reductive dechlorination of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol in anaerobic sewage sludge gave 3,4-dichlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol as final products(3).

... Chlorinated phenols will undergo photolysis in aqueous solutions as a result of ultraviolet irradiation and that photodegradation leads to the substitution of hydroxyl groups in place of the chlorine atoms with subsequent polymer formation. /Chlorinated phenols/

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 6.8 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol is expected to undergo photolysis in surface waters based on aqueous photolysis half-lives of 1 hour(3) and 40 minutes(4) when irradiated with light at environmentally relevant wavelengths. When exposed to sunlight in natural water at pH 7 for 150 minutes, degradation products of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol include 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorocyclopentadiene, 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone, 5-chloro-4-cyclohexene-1-one, 2-chlorophenol and 4,4-dihydroxy-2,2,5,5-tetrachlorodiphenyl ether(5). Under other exposure conditions 2,5-dichlorophenol, 2,5-dichloro-1,4-hydroquinone, 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone and 2-chloro-1,4-benzoquinone were formed(5).

Using carp (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed over an 8-week period to 10 and 1 ug/L of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, respective measured BCFs were 121-484 and 232-825(1). A log BCF of 3.28 was reported for fathead minnows exposed to 2,4,5-trichlorophenol for 28 days(2). According to a classification scheme(3), these BCF values suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high to very high(SRC).

Koc values of 89(1), 2300(2), and 1700 in Pahokee peat(3) have been reported. According to a classification scheme(4), these Koc values suggest that 2,4,5-trichlorophenol is expected to have high to slight mobility in soil. The pKa of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol is 7.43(5), indicating that this compound will exist partially in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(6).

A pKa of 7.43(1) indicates 2,4,5-trichlorophenol will exist partially in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization of the anion form from water and moist surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). The Henry's Law constant for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol is estimated as 1.6X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 0.0075 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1200 mg/L(3). This Henry's Law constant indicates that neutral 2,4,5-trichlorophenol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(4). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life of the neutral form from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(4) is estimated as 32 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life of the neutral form from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(4) is estimated as 240 days(SRC). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization of the neutral form from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2).

DRINKING WATER: 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was identified, not quantified, in finished US drinking water(1). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was detected in the tap water of Janakka and Jyvaskyla, Finland at 35-59 ug/L(2). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was detected in drinking water samples from Taiwan at 28 ng/L(3) and drinking water samples from Zagreb, Yugoslavia at 6-39 ng/L(4).

SURFACE WATER: 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was identified, not quantified, in the Niagara River(1). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was detected in the Dutch Rhine, Bowen, Meuse and Ijssel Rivers at maximum concentrations of 0.66, 0.22, 0.28 and 0.07 ug/L, respectively(2). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was detected in the Ijssel River, The Netherlands at a maximum concentration of 0.32 ug/L(3) and in the Weser River, Germany at 0.2-7.5 ng/L(4). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was detected in the Isipingo River, South Africa at 0.41-6.51 ug/L(5) and a lake in Finland at 0.001-0.651 ug/L(6). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was detected in rivers and lakes at 2-4 and 2-5 ng/L, respectively, in Zagreb, Yugoslavia(7).

SNOW/RAIN: 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was detected in the melted snow of South Finland at an average concentration of 360 ug/L and at a traffic polluted area at 8295 ug/L(1). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was detected in 4 of 7 rainfalls in Portland, OR, at an average concentration of 1.1 ng/L(2). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was detected at a concentration of 1.1X10-3 ug/Lin rain from Portland, OR(3).

2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was identified, not quantified, in water samples collected from an advanced waste treatment plant in Pomona, CA(1). In 2010, effluent samples were collected from 52 of the largest municipal waste water treatment plants and water pollution control facilities in Oregon; of the 102 samples, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol was detected in 16 at 19.0-300.0 ng/L(2). The concentration of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol was 0.004-0.123 mg/kg dry weight, measured in the wastewater sludge of six plants located along the Kakdong River, Korea(3). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was detected in Finish pulp mill waste liquors at <0.5-66 ug/L(4). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was detected in a Finish sawmill drainage ditch at 0.03 mg/L and a sawmill sludge at 1.8 g/kg sludge(5). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was detected in the effluent of a sewage sludge in England at a concentration of 0.3 mg/kg(6). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was detected at an average of 0.0375 ug/L in 4.2% of sewage treatment plant effluents and at an average of 0.04 ug/L in 3% of trade effluents in samples collected in 1995 from locations in England and Wales(7). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was identified, not quantified in the effluent from pulp mills(8-10). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was detected at 6.5, 5.5 and 41 ng/cu m in the effluent of a hazardous waste incinerator in Sweden(11). Leachate from a Hamburg- Georgswerder, Germany sanitary landfill contained 2,4,5-trichlorophenol at a maximum concentration of 110 mg/L(12). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was identified as a principal organic hazardous constituent in the effluent from an incinerator test burn(13).

SEDIMENT: 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was detected in sediment taken from 19 sites in The Netherlands, at concentrations of <0.02-6.3 mg/kg dry wt(1). Suspended solids collected in water samples from the Weser estuary contained 2,4,5-trichlorophenol at 300-2,000 mg/L(2). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was detected in 17 of 17 sediment samples from Lake Ketelmeer, The Netherlands at a maximum and median concentration of 15 and 6.4 ug/kg dry wt, respectively(3). 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was detected in the upper river and marine sediment layers in Osaka Prefecture, Japan, at <0.2-9.0 ppb dry wt(4).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers D041 and F027, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. /Trichlorophenols/

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol: biological treatment.

Waste treatment methods. Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Chlorophenols, liquid; Chlorophenols, solid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2020; Chlorophenols, solid

UN 2021; Chlorophenols, liquid

IMO 6.1; Chlorophenols, solid; Chlorophenols, liquid

49 403 25; Trichlorophenol

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. /Chlorophenols, solid; Chlorophenols, liquid/

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. /Chlorophenols, solid; Chlorophenols, liquid/

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Marine pollutant.

Symbol: Xn, N; R: 22-36/38-50/53; S: (2)-26-28-60-61

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III