Ethyl ketone

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H335 (100%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336 (99.9%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1859 reports by companies from 25 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H303: May be harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H305: May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways [Warning Aspiration hazard]

H313: May be harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P317, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Diethyl ketone:

Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: SOAP WASH - If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.

Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

(General first aid procedures)

Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.

Skin: Soap wash - If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.

Breathing: Respiratory support

Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used. CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. AFFF, alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

WATER MAY BE INEFFECTIVE FIGHTING FIRES WITH LOW FLASH POINT. ALCOHOL FOAM.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinquish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Evacuate danger area! Remove all ignition sources. Consult an expert! Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable metal (mild steel) containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Establish forced ventilation to keep levels below explosive limit. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep this chemical out of a comfined space ... because of the possibility of an explosion ... It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Incineration /SRP: with effective emission controls/

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to disperse vapors and dilute standing pools of liquid.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift, and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, etc.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 3-PENTANONE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Well closed. Separated from oxidants. Ventilation along the floor. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Diethyl ketone must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizing materials (such as peroxides, perchlorates, chlorates, permanganates, and nitrates) Since violent reactions may occur. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from sources of heat. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where diethyl ketone is handled, used or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. Metal containers involving the transfer of 5 gallons or more of diethyl ketone should be grounded and bonded. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of diethyl ketone. Wherever this diethyl ketone is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

300 [ppm]

830 [ppm]

5000 [ppm]

200 ppm (705 mg/m³)

TWA 200 ppm (705 mg/m3)

none See Appendix G

See: IDLH INDEX

200.0 [ppm]

300.0 [ppm]

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 200 ppm; 15 min Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): 300 ppm. /Diethyl ketone/

200 ppm as TWA; 300 ppm as STEL

200 ppm [1995]

300 ppm [1995]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used.

CAUTION: Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Diethyl ketone:

Skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for personal protective equipment for the body.

Eyes: PREVENT EYE CONTACT - Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.

Wash skin: DAILY - The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift, and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, etc.

Remove: WHEN WET (FLAMMABLE) - Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard (i.e., for liquids with a flash point <100 °F).

Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the workshift. (NIOSH, 2024)

/Wear/ safety spectacles, protective gloves. /Use/ ventilation.

Diethyl ketone appears as a clear colorless liquid with an acetone-like odor. Flash point 55 °F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air.

Colorless liquid with an acetone-like odor; [NIOSH]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid with an acetone-like odor.

Colorless, mobile liquid

Acetone odor

216 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

101.7 °C

101 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-44 °F (USCG, 1999)

55 °F (USCG, 1999)

13 °C (open cup)

13 °C o.c.

55 °F (open cup)

(oc) 55 °F

5 % (NIOSH, 2024)

Solubility at 20 °C: 2.6 wt% water in 3-pentanone

Miscible with ethanol, ether; soluble in carbon tetrachloride

In water, 47,000 mg/L at 20 °C; 38,000 mg/L at 100 °C

In water, 4.589X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 3,9 (soluble)

0.8159 at 66.2 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8098 g/cu cm at 25 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.81 (25 °C)

0.8159 @ 19°C

3.0 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.0

25.85 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

37.7 [mmHg]

37.7 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 2.0

35 mmHg at 77 °F

(77 °F): 35 mmHg

log Kow = 0.99

Henry's Law constant = 5.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

842 °F (USCG, 1999)

842 °F (450 °C)

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

0.444 mPa s at 25 °C

0.6 mm²/s

Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water

Highly Flammable

DIETHYL KETONE is incompatible with the following: Strong oxidizers, alkalis, mineral acids, (hydrogen peroxide + nitric acid) (NIOSH, 2024).

Violent reaction with oxidizers, causing fire and explosion hazard. Forms explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with strong acids, aliphatic amines. Attacks many plastics, rubber and coatings. May accumulate static electrical charges, and may cause ignition of its vapors.

... can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. ... Reacts with hydrogen peroxide + nitric acid to form a shock- and heat-sensitive explosive peroxide.

Unless the temp and concn of reagents were carefully controlled, mixtures of hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid and acetone overheated and exploded violently. Under controlled conditions, the explosive dimeric or trimeric acetone peroxides were produced. 2-Butanone and 3-pentanone gave shock and heat sensitive peroxides.

Strong oxidizers, alkalis, mineral acids (hydrogen peroxide + mineral acids).

Strong oxidizers, alkalis, mineral acids, (hydrogen peroxide + nitric acid)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Cough. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Dry skin.

Redness. Pain.

irritation eyes, skin, mucous membrane, respiratory system; cough, sneezing

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

LCLo (rat) =8,000 ppm/4h

LD50 Mouse iv 513 mg/kg bw

LD50 Mouse ip 810 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rabbit dermal >5000 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit dermal 16200 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 2.14 g/kg

INHALATION. Symptoms: Cough. Shortness of breath. First aid: Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention. SKIN: Symptoms: Dry skin. Redness. First aid: Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. EYES: Symptoms: Redness. First aid: First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then take to a doctor. INGESTION: First aid: Rinse mouth.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Ketones and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Ketones and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ketones and related compounds/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... /3-Pentanone was/ tested externally on the eyes of rabbits and ... rated /4/ on a scale of 1 to 10 according to the degree of injury observed after 24 hr ... the most severe injuries ... rated 10.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A 4 hr /inhalation/ exposure at 8000 ppm was fatal to four of six rats.

/GENOTOXICITY/ A diploid yeast strain D61.M was used to study induction of mitotic chromosomal malsegregation, mitotic recombination and point mutation. ... Diethyl ketone induced low levels of recombination and point mutation in addition to aneuploidy. ...

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Using a conditioning paradigm, the olfactory sensitivity of three squirrel monkeys and three pigtail macaques for homologous series of aliphatic 2-ketones (2-butanone to 2-nonanone), symmetrical ketones (3-pentanone to 6-undecanone), and C7-ketones (2-heptanone to 4-heptanone) was assessed. In the majority of cases, the animals of both species significantly discriminated concentrations below 1 ppm from the odorless solvent, and with 2-nonanone and 5-nonanone the monkeys even demonstrated thresholds below 1 ppb. The results showed both primate species have a well-developed olfactory sensitivity for aliphatic ketones, and pigtail macaques generally perform better than squirrel monkeys in detecting members of this class of odorants. Further, in both species tested, ... a significant negative correlation /was found/ between perceptibility in terms of olfactory detection thresholds and carbon-chain length of both the 2-ketones and the symmetrical ketones, but not between detection thresholds and position of the functional group with the C7-ketones. ...

LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 27-28 days old 1540 mg/L/96 hr (confidence limit: 1470-1600 mg/L) at 24.2 °C (hardness 46.2 mg/L calcium carbonate, pH 7.88) /Purity 98%; Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Scenedesmus subspicatus (algae) = >500 mg/L/72 hours /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Carassius auratus (goldfish) 1200 mg/L for 24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

EC50; Species: Spirostomum ambiguum (Protozoa); Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C, pH > or =7.4, hardness 2.8 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 21.4 mmol/L for 24 hr; Effect: development, deformation

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 3-PENTANONE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Affected fish (fathead minnow) /exposed to mean concentrations of 259-2300 mg/L/96 hr/ stopped schooling, came to water surface with pronounced operculation, then lost equilibrium prior to death.

/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ Ketones, incl 3-pentanone, were tested for their ability to release alarm pheromones in ants. The most active cmpd were of a size & geometry similar to 4-methyl-3-heptanone.

Diethyl ketone's production and use as a solvent for paints and as a starting material for organic syntheses may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Diethyl ketone is a naturally occurring volatile emitted from many plants and fruits. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 37.7 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates diethyl ketone will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase diethyl ketone will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 days. Diethyl ketone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, diethyl ketone is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 82. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 5.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Diethyl ketone may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. BODs of 50.8% and 38% of theoretical over a 10 day incubation period using the standard BOD dilution techniques and acclimated sewage inocula suggest that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process. If released into water, diethyl ketone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 19 hours and 8.6 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to diethyl ketone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where diethyl ketone is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to diethyl ketone via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with products containing diethyl ketone. (SRC)

Diethyl ketone is a volatile emitted from many plants and fruits including European birch, European larch, European fir, Scots pine, Siberian pine, evergreen cyprus and northern white cedar(1). Diethyl ketone is emitted from blooming rape(2) and is also found in kiwi(3,4) and nectarines(5).

Diethyl ketone's production and use as a solvent for paints and as a starting material for organic syntheses(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 82(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.99(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that diethyl ketone is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of diethyl ketone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 5.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Diethyl ketone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 37.7 mm Hg(5). Using an acclimated sewage inocula diethyl ketone reached 50.8%(6) and 38%(7) of the theoretical BOD over a 10 day incubation period, suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 82(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.99(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that diethyl ketone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 5.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 19 hours and 8.6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Using an acclimated sewage inocula diethyl ketone reached 50.8%(7) and 38%(8) of the theoretical BOD over a 10 day incubation period, suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), diethyl ketone, which has a vapor pressure of 37.7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase diethyl ketone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Diethyl ketone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

AEROBIC: Several investigators have shown that diethyl ketone readily biodegrades in screening tests using sewage or sludge(1-5). Using a standard BOD dilution technique and acclimated sewage inocula, a BOD of 66.4%(1) and 89%(2) of theoretical was observed over a 5 day incubation period. Using a standard BOD dilution technique and unacclimated sewage inocula, BOD values of 50.8%(3) and 38%(4) of theoretical was observed over a 10 day incubation period. The percent theoretical BOD of diethyl ketone in a semi-continuous activated sludge (SCAS) biological treatment simulation test was 38% over a 24 hour incubation period(5).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of diethyl ketone with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 2.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Diethyl ketone is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Diethyl ketone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(2).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for diethyl ketone(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.99(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of diethyl ketone is estimated as 82(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.99(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that diethyl ketone is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for diethyl ketone is 5.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that diethyl ketone is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 19 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 8.6 days(SRC). diethyl ketone's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Diethyl ketone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 37.7 mm Hg(3).

LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 27-28 days old 1540 mg/L/96 hr (confidence limit: 1470-1600 mg/L) at 24.2 °C (hardness 46.2 mg/L calcium carbonate, pH 7.88) /Purity 98%; Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Scenedesmus subspicatus (algae) = >500 mg/L/72 hours /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Carassius auratus (goldfish) 1200 mg/L for 24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

EC50; Species: Spirostomum ambiguum (Protozoa); Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C, pH > or =7.4, hardness 2.8 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 21.4 mmol/L for 24 hr; Effect: development, deformation

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 3-PENTANONE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Affected fish (fathead minnow) /exposed to mean concentrations of 259-2300 mg/L/96 hr/ stopped schooling, came to water surface with pronounced operculation, then lost equilibrium prior to death.

/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ Ketones, incl 3-pentanone, were tested for their ability to release alarm pheromones in ants. The most active cmpd were of a size & geometry similar to 4-methyl-3-heptanone.

Diethyl ketone's production and use as a solvent for paints and as a starting material for organic syntheses may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Diethyl ketone is a naturally occurring volatile emitted from many plants and fruits. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 37.7 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates diethyl ketone will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase diethyl ketone will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 days. Diethyl ketone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, diethyl ketone is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 82. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 5.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Diethyl ketone may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. BODs of 50.8% and 38% of theoretical over a 10 day incubation period using the standard BOD dilution techniques and acclimated sewage inocula suggest that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process. If released into water, diethyl ketone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 19 hours and 8.6 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to diethyl ketone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where diethyl ketone is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to diethyl ketone via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with products containing diethyl ketone. (SRC)

Diethyl ketone is a volatile emitted from many plants and fruits including European birch, European larch, European fir, Scots pine, Siberian pine, evergreen cyprus and northern white cedar(1). Diethyl ketone is emitted from blooming rape(2) and is also found in kiwi(3,4) and nectarines(5).

Diethyl ketone's production and use as a solvent for paints and as a starting material for organic syntheses(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 82(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.99(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that diethyl ketone is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of diethyl ketone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 5.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Diethyl ketone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 37.7 mm Hg(5). Using an acclimated sewage inocula diethyl ketone reached 50.8%(6) and 38%(7) of the theoretical BOD over a 10 day incubation period, suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 82(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.99(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that diethyl ketone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 5.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 19 hours and 8.6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Using an acclimated sewage inocula diethyl ketone reached 50.8%(7) and 38%(8) of the theoretical BOD over a 10 day incubation period, suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), diethyl ketone, which has a vapor pressure of 37.7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase diethyl ketone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Diethyl ketone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

AEROBIC: Several investigators have shown that diethyl ketone readily biodegrades in screening tests using sewage or sludge(1-5). Using a standard BOD dilution technique and acclimated sewage inocula, a BOD of 66.4%(1) and 89%(2) of theoretical was observed over a 5 day incubation period. Using a standard BOD dilution technique and unacclimated sewage inocula, BOD values of 50.8%(3) and 38%(4) of theoretical was observed over a 10 day incubation period. The percent theoretical BOD of diethyl ketone in a semi-continuous activated sludge (SCAS) biological treatment simulation test was 38% over a 24 hour incubation period(5).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of diethyl ketone with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 2.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Diethyl ketone is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Diethyl ketone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(2).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for diethyl ketone(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.99(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of diethyl ketone is estimated as 82(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.99(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that diethyl ketone is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for diethyl ketone is 5.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that diethyl ketone is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 19 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 8.6 days(SRC). diethyl ketone's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Diethyl ketone is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 37.7 mm Hg(3).

DRINKING WATER: Diethyl ketone was identified, not quantified, in 6 of 14 drinking water supplies in England(1).

GROUNDWATER: Diethyl ketone was not found in groundwater at a coal gasification site in Hanna, WY although it is found in process water(1).

In a comprehensive survey of wastewater from 4000 industrial and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) sponsored by the Effluent Guidelines Division of the USEPA, diethyl ketone was identified in discharges of the following industrial category (positive occurrences; median concn in ppb): nonferrous metals (1;26.7), ore mining (3;2.1), organics and plastics (1;47.3), plastics and synthetics (1; 2491.1), pulp and paper (1; 27.5)(1). The highest effluent concn was 2491.1 ppb in the plastics and synthetics industry(1). Diethyl ketone was identified, not quantified, in effluent from an advanced wastewater treatment plant in Lake Tahoe, CA(2). Diethyl ketone has been identified in automobile exhaust(3).

SEDIMENT: Diethyl ketone has been identified, not quantified, in sediment beneath a reed bed in Lake Constance, Switzerland(1). The maximum concns were found adjacent to zones of former reed growth, suggesting that diethyl ketone was formed by microbial processes(SRC). Diethyl ketone was detected at concns of 0-0.46 ppb and 0-0.75 ppb in 2 of 3 sediment cores at 3 shallow sites from Walvis Bay off the arid coast of Southwest Africa(2).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Diethyl ketone was detected at 0.14 ppb in air samples taken in Leipzig, Germany from March 1993 to November 1995(1).

RURAL/REMOTE: Diethyl ketone was identified, not quantified, in 1 of 7 air samples from the Kanawha Valley in WV (St Albans)(1). Diethyl ketone was identified, not quantified, in a forest in West Germany(2). Diethyl ketone was detected at 0.11 ppb in air samples from Melpitz, Germany from March 1993 to November 1995(3).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Diethyl ketone was detected at a concn of 0.57 ppb near an oil shale facility, however it was not detected in nearby rural and urban areas(1). Diethyl ketone was detected at a concn 2 ppb near a chemical manufacturing site(2).

INDOOR AIR: In a 1978-1990 international survey of 1,128 dwellings, 112 offices, 8 hospitals and 30 schools, diethyl ketone was detected in 1 school(1).

Diethyl ketone was identified, not quantified, in the volatiles of raw chicken breast(1), mutton, chicken and pork(2), kiwi(3,4), roasted earth almonds (Cyperus esculentus L.)(5) and nectarines(6).

Diethyl ketone is a volatile emitted from many plants including European birch, European larch, European fir, Scots pine, Siberian pine, evergreen Cyprus and northern white cedar(1). Diethyl ketone was emitted from rape during the blooming period at a rate of 0.65 and 1.09 ppbv during May 8 and 9, 1998(2). Diethyl ketone is also found in kiwi(3,4) and nectarines(5).

Diethyl ketone has been identified in cigarette smoke(1).

Occupational exposure to diethyl ketone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where diethyl ketone is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to diethyl ketone via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with products containing diethyl ketone. (SRC)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Incineration /SRP: with effective emission controls/

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 127: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 3-PENTANONE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1156; Diethyl ketone

IMO 3.2; Diethyl ketone

49 191 50; Diethyl ketone

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II