1,3-dichloro-2-propanol

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H350: May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

P203, P264, P270, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P317, P318, P321, P330, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301+H311 (75.6%): Toxic if swallowed or in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]

H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (78.9%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H312 (21.1%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (14.7%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318 (17.8%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (17.9%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (14.7%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H336 (61.2%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H341 (14.7%): Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H350 (100%): May cause cancer [Danger Carcinogenicity]

H370 (61.2%): Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373 (75.9%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 721 reports by companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P264+P265, P280, P305+P354+P338, and P317 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P210, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P210, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P203, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P316, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P337+P317, P361+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance. (ERG, 2024)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use fine water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide.

"ALCOHOL" FOAM.

To fight fire, use alcohol foam, dry chemical, fog, mist, or spray.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you should spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Seal the absorbent paper, as well as any of your clothing which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash any surfaces you may have contaminated with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures, and keep it away from oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Well closed.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.081 [ppm]

0.89 [ppm]

5.4 [ppm]

skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 2

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

Large Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. The substance is mildly irritating to the skin. The substance may cause effects on the liver.

The substance may have effects on the liver and kidneys. This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

NO open flames.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is a colorless to yellow slightly viscous liquid with an ethereal odor. (NTP, 1992)

1,3-dichloropropanol-2 appears as a colorless liquid with an ether-like odor. Denser than water and slightly soluble in water. Toxic by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption and may irritate skin and eyes.

Colorless liquid with an ethereal odor; [HSDB]

COLOURLESS LIQUID.

COLORLESS, SLIGHTLY VISCOUS, LIQUID

ETHEREAL ODOR

345 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

174.3 °C @ 760 MM HG

174.3 °C

174 °C @760 [mm Hg]

25 °F (NTP, 1992)

165 °F (NTP, 1992)

165 °F (74 °C) (OPEN CUP)

74 °C o.c.

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 73 °F (NTP, 1992)

MISCIBLE WITH ALC, ETHER

SOL ETHANOL, ETHER, ACETONE

MISCIBLE WITH MOST ORGANIC SOLVENTS, VEGETABLE OILS

In water, 9.9X10+4 mg/l at 25 °C.

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 11

1.3506 at 63 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than water; will sink

1.3506 @ 17 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.35

1.367 @ 20°C

4.45 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

4.4 (AIR= 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.4

1 mmHg at 82.4 °F ; 5 mmHg at 126.0 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.75 [mmHg]

0.75 mm Hg @ 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 100

1 [mm Hg] @28 °C

UNSTABLE

Dangerous; when heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/ and phosgene.

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.480245 @ 17 °C/D

Boiling point

Diamagnetic susceptibility

Heat of sublimation

Magnetic susceptibility

Optical coefficient

Water soluble.

Denser than water and slightly soluble in water.

Alcohols and Polyols

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Sensitive to heat. Incompatible with oxidizers. Also incompatible with strong acids, strong reducing agents, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides. (NTP, 1992)

A halogenated alcohol. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.

1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 101: (2012) Some Chemicals Present in Industrial and Consumer Products, Food and Drinking-water

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness.

Redness. Pain.

See Inhalation.

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 3: Chemicals are not classifiable by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

LCLo (rat) = 125 ppm/4h

LD50 Mouse oral 100 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit skin 800 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 110 mg/kg

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Higher alcohols (> 3 carbons) and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or has severe pulmonary edema. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques, with a bag-valve-mask device, may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (decreased LOC /level of consciousness/, tachycardia, pallor, dilated pupils, diaphoresis, and/or dextrose strip or glucometer readings below 50 mg) and administer 50% dextrose if necessary ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Higher alcohols (> 3 carbons) and related compounds/

MODERATELY TOXIC BY INHALATION AND INGESTION.

Two middle aged men developed severe hepatic injury just after cleaning a dichloropropanol tank at a plant producing dichloropropanol. They died from hepatic failure 4 and 11 days respectively, after carrying out the work. Liver specimens taken at autopsy from one of the cases showed submassive hepatic necrosis. /Dichloropropanol/

Poison by ingestion and inhalation. Moderately toxic by skin contact. Action may be similar to that of carbon tetrachloride, but more irritating to mucous membranes.

1,3-DICHLORO-2-PROPANOL TESTED ON RABBIT EYES IS VERY IRRITATING AND HAS CAUSED MODERATELY SEVERE DAMAGE, GRADED 8 ON A SCALE OF 1 TO 10.

21 day Daphnia reproduction tests were conducted in line with the provisional procedure proposed by the Federal Environmental Agency (Umweltbundesamt, FRG), as of Jan 1, 1984. Groups of 20, 24-hr old Daphnia magna Straus were exposed to 8 to 1000 mg/l 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol in semi-static test vessels. Parent animals in the test and control vessels had to be pipetted 3 times/wk in freshly prepared test and control media at the corresponding concn level. The no observed effect concn (NOEC) was determined from the parameters of mortality of the parent animals, reproduction rate and appearance of the first offspring during the test period. In preliminary acute Daphnia tests, the 24 hr EC50 was 983 mg/l for 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol, the EC0 was 558 mg/l. The nominal 21 day no observed effect concn was 16 mg/l, with the most sensitive parameter being reproduction rate.

An acute phase of severe hepatic necrosis induced by dichloropropanol was examined immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally, in order to study chronological changes of sinusoidal morphology during acute hepatic injury. Male Wistar rats were injected with 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (DC2P). DC2P-injected rats showed zonal necrosis of the centrilobular space with a peak from 24 to 48 hr after the injection. Destruction of sinusoidal linings appeared at 4 hr, and was gradually aggravated along the advancing hepatocytic necrosis. Monocytic influx into the necrotic areas was initiated at 6 hr. At 48 hr, collapsed centrilobular spaces showed a loss of most sinusoidal structures with active phagocytosis of macrophages, proliferation of perisinusoidal cells, and accumulation of collagen fibrils. At 72 hr, there were many regenerating sinusoidal structures.

Toxicity of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (DCP) with respect to testicular changes was evaluated in male albino Wistar rats (10/treated group, 20 in water vehicle control group) exposed orally to TCP by gavage at dosage levels of 0, 15 or 60 mg/kg/day for 14 days. On day 15, the animals were sent for pathological examination. Significant differences between treated and control animals were observed only in the appearance of small spermatocoele or sperm granuloma formation in the ductili efferentes and/or epididymides. No significant differences between treated and control animals were observed in the following: body weights, testes weights, morphology, or detailed macroscopic and microscopic examination of the kidneys, testes, and vasa deferentes.

1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol's production and use as an intermediate for organic synthesis may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 days. If released to soil, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 4. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. Based upon conflicting results with aerobic aqueous screening biodegradation tests, the importance of biodegradation in soil and water is unknown. If released into water, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water column based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol is expected to have a hydrolysis half-life at pH 7 and 8 of approximately 1.4 years and 34 days, respectively. Occupational exposure to 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is produced or used. (SRC)

1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol's production and use as an intermediate for organic synthesis(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), obtained using a fragment constant estimation method(3). 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an experimental vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg(4). Based upon conflicting results with aerobic aqueous screening biodegradation tests(5), the importance of biodegradation in soil is unknown.

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(3,SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.78(6,SRC), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A neutral first-order and base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant for 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol of 3.1X10-3 1/hr and 850 L/mole-hour(2) correspond to half-lives of 1.4 years and 34 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(7,SRC). Based upon conflicting results with aerobic aqueous screening biodegradation tests(8), the importance of biodegradation in water is unknown.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol, which has a vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 days(SRC) from its estimated rate constant of 1.8X10-12 atm cu m/mol(3).

When incubated with a filtered effluent from a sanitary waste treatment plant, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol displayed a theoretical 5 day BOD of 1%(1). 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol reached 0%, 84%, and 86% of its theoretical BOD over 4 weeks using activated sludge inoculum(2). Pure cultures of Psuedomonas sp. degraded 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol to epichlorohydrin, 1-chloro-2,3-propylene diol, glycidol, and ultimately glycerin(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,2-dichloro-2-propanol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.84X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A neutral first-order and base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant for 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol of 3.1X10-3 1/hr and 850 L/mole-hour(2) correspond to half-lives of 1.4 years and 34 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2,SRC). 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental spectrum(3).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.78(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol can be estimated to be about 4(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is estimated as 6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 32 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 229 days(SRC). 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg(3).

1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol was qualitatively detected as an emission from prime urethane carpet cusions(1). It was detected in the leachate of a munipal waste landfill in Japan at a concn of 27.9 ug/l(2).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 199 workers (6 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is produced or used(SRC).

1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol's production and use as an intermediate for organic synthesis may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 days. If released to soil, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 4. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. Based upon conflicting results with aerobic aqueous screening biodegradation tests, the importance of biodegradation in soil and water is unknown. If released into water, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water column based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol is expected to have a hydrolysis half-life at pH 7 and 8 of approximately 1.4 years and 34 days, respectively. Occupational exposure to 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is produced or used. (SRC)

1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol's production and use as an intermediate for organic synthesis(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), obtained using a fragment constant estimation method(3). 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an experimental vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg(4). Based upon conflicting results with aerobic aqueous screening biodegradation tests(5), the importance of biodegradation in soil is unknown.

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(3,SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.78(6,SRC), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A neutral first-order and base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant for 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol of 3.1X10-3 1/hr and 850 L/mole-hour(2) correspond to half-lives of 1.4 years and 34 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(7,SRC). Based upon conflicting results with aerobic aqueous screening biodegradation tests(8), the importance of biodegradation in water is unknown.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol, which has a vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 days(SRC) from its estimated rate constant of 1.8X10-12 atm cu m/mol(3).

When incubated with a filtered effluent from a sanitary waste treatment plant, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol displayed a theoretical 5 day BOD of 1%(1). 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol reached 0%, 84%, and 86% of its theoretical BOD over 4 weeks using activated sludge inoculum(2). Pure cultures of Psuedomonas sp. degraded 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol to epichlorohydrin, 1-chloro-2,3-propylene diol, glycidol, and ultimately glycerin(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,2-dichloro-2-propanol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.84X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A neutral first-order and base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant for 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol of 3.1X10-3 1/hr and 850 L/mole-hour(2) correspond to half-lives of 1.4 years and 34 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2,SRC). 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental spectrum(3).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.78(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol can be estimated to be about 4(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is estimated as 6X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 32 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 229 days(SRC). 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.75 mm Hg(3).

1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol was qualitatively detected as an emission from prime urethane carpet cusions(1). It was detected in the leachate of a munipal waste landfill in Japan at a concn of 27.9 ug/l(2).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 199 workers (6 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol is produced or used(SRC).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,3-DICHLORO-2-PROPANOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2750; 1,3-Dichloropropanol-2

IMO 6.1; 1,3-Dichloropropanol-2

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T; R: 45-21-25; S: 53-45; Note: E

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II