Methyl chloroacetate

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.6% (1 of 159) of reports.

H226 (99.4%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H301 (99.4%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H310+H330 (17.6%): Fatal in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H310 (60.4%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315 (85.5%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (60.4%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (99.4%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (59.7%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H331 (39.6%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H335 (85.5%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H400 (46.5%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 159 reports by companies from 15 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 159 reports by companies.

There are 14 notifications provided by 158 of 159 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Call a physician.

EYES: Hold eyelids open, flush with running water for at least 15 minutes.

SKIN: Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Flush affected areas with water for at least 15 minutes.

INHALATION: Move victim to fresh air. If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

INGESTION: Do nothing except keep victim warm. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, dry powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary. Further information: Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Small Spill

· Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered plastic containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

1.0 [ppm]

4.5 mg/m

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

CAUTION: Methanol (UN1230) will burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.)

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

· Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the skin. The substance is severely irritating to the eyes. The substance is irritating to the respiratory tract.

Approved respirator, chemical safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, other protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)

Eye/face protection: Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166 (EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 57 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Methyl chloroacetate appears as a crystalline solid or a solid dissolved in a liquid. Insoluble in water and denser than water. Contact may slightly irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May be slightly toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.

Clear liquid with odor that is pungent and sweet; [Hawley] Colorless liquid; [MSDSonline]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Colorless liquid

Sweet pungent odor

266 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

BP: 130-132 °C

129.5 °C

-26 °F (USCG, 1999)

-32.3 °C

-32.1 °C

125 °F (USCG, 1999)

135 °F (57 °C) (open cup)

57 °C o.c.

In water, 4.6X10+4 mg/L at 20 °C

In water, 5.2 g/100 mL at 19.8 °C (5.2X10+4 mg/L)

Miscible with alcohol, ether

Very soluble in acetone, benzene, ethyl ether, ethanol

Miscible with oxygenated solvents

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 19.8 °C: 5.2

1.2337 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.236 g/cu cm at 20 °C

1.2 g/cm³

Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20 °C (air = 1): 1.02

1.24 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.7

16.54 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

7.63 [mmHg]

7.63 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 650

0.76 (calculated)

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Decomposes when dissolved in water /SRP: giving monochloroacetic acid and methanol/

869 °F (USCG, 1999)

Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions: Carbon oxides, hydrogen chloride gas

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride/.

2.95X10-3 Pa.s at 241.03 K

Corrosive

46.73 kJ/mol at 25 °C

4.33X10-2 N/m at 241.03 K

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Highly Flammable

METHYL CHLOROACETATE is a halogenated ester. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides.

... Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Methyl chloroacetate (MCA) is a colorless liquid. It is used as a solvent and intermediate. HUMAN STUDIES: In man, delayed occurrence of irritation of the conjunctiva is observed after exposure to the vapor. It was suggested that cross reactivity to MCA may occur in an industrial situation. ANIMAL STUDIES: In guinea-pigs MCA induced sensitization. Cross-sensitization with chloroacetic acid ethyl ester has been observed in this species. MCA is corrosive to rabbit skin and is absorbed through the skin (0.5 mL undiluted substance/rabbit leads to death). The substance is severely irritating to the rabbit eye. In rats MCA produced pronounced eye and respiratory tract irritation at concentrations as low as 250 ppm; some animals exposed to this concentration died within a few days. After repeated inhalation exposure to MCA for 28 days at concentrations of 10, 33 or 100 ppm, adverse effects on the breathing (irregular breathing) and on movement (uncoordinated gait) as well as irritant effects (closing together of the eyelids, sneezing, increased frequency of cleaning) and an increase in relative lung weight occurred in rats at the highest concentration. No increase in the incidence of lung tumors has been established after intraperitoneal administration to strain A mice. MCA was not mutagenic in the Salmonella/microsome test in five strains of Salmonella typhimurium or in Escherichia coli either with or without metabolic activation. No induction of micronuclei has been observed in the micronucleus test in the mouse. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Testing the acute toxicity to the Daphnia resulted in a 24 hr EC0 of 3.2 mg/L and a 24 hr EC50 of 5.5 mg/L for inhibition of the swimming capability. The 48 hr and 96 hr LC0 in the zebra fish was 1.13 mg/L. For the rainbow trout, 48 hr LC0 < 2.5 mg/L and 48 hr LC100 of 6 mg/L are reported.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

Cough. Shortness of breath. Sore throat.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

Abdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting. Diarrhoea.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

LCLo (rat) = 250 ppm/7h

LD50 Mouse oral 240 mg/kg

LC50 Mouse inhalation 1 g/cu m/2 hr

LD50 Rat oral 140 mg/kg bw

LD50 Rat oral 107 mg/kg bw

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for METHYL CHLOROACETATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate fist aid: ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Esters and Related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Esters and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Esters and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A 23 year old chemical laboratory technician presented with erythema and small blisters on the dorsum of his right hand and forearm. The reaction resulted from a spill of monochloroacetic-acid (MCA). The solution contained 1.5 molar MCA in 94 percent ethanol. He attempted to wash the spill from his arm using water for 10 minutes. After 10 days, the lesions healed, leaving small scars. These scars, after 14 days, became the sites of itchy vesicles. A patch test was performed on day 28, at which time, the patient gave a positive result to the MCA solution at 1 percent in 70 percent methanol. Since it was not considered likely that MCA was the active agent, possible sensitivity to monochloroacetic-acid-ethyl-ester (EMCA) was examined. Strong positive reactions were observed to patch tests with EMCA, whereas the MCA tests were negative. Because plans were underway to use EMCA in a large production process, a guinea-pig maximization test was initiated. Five of the 20 animals tested reacted to EMCA, indicating that this compound is at least a moderate sensitizer. All animals reacted to monochloroacetic-acid-methyl-ester (MMCA). The authors suggest that cross reactivity to MMCA may occur in an industrial situation.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ In man, delayed occurrence of irritation of the conjunctiva is observed after exposure to the vapor.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A 23 year old chemical laboratory technician presented with erythema and small blisters on the dorsum of his right hand and forearm. The reaction resulted from a spill of monochloroacetic-acid (MCA). The solution contained 1.5 molar MCA in 94 percent ethanol. He attempted to wash the spill from his arm using water for 10 minutes. After 10 days, the lesions healed, leaving small scars. These scars, after 14 days, became the sites of itchy vesicles. A patch test was performed on day 28, at which time, the patient gave a positive result to the MCA solution at 1 percent in 70 percent methanol. Since it was not considered likely that MCA was the active agent, possible sensitivity to monochloroacetic-acid-ethyl-ester (EMCA) was examined. Strong positive reactions were observed to patch tests with EMCA, whereas the MCA tests were negative. Because plans were underway to use EMCA in a large production process, a guinea-pig maximization test was initiated. Five of the 20 animals tested reacted to EMCA, indicating that this compound is at least a moderate sensitizer. All animals reacted to monochloroacetic-acid-methyl-ester (MMCA). The authors suggest that cross reactivity to MMCA may occur in an industrial situation.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The toxicity of individual trace substances in methoxyflurane was investigated. Rats were exposed for 12 minutes to 7 hours to concentrations as high as 35,000 parts per million (ppm) methylene-chloride, 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane, 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene, dimethyl-carbonate, 1,2,2-trichloro-1,1-difluoroethane, methyl-dichloroacetate, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-difluoroethylene, and methyl-monochloroacetate. Positive controls were exposed to 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene, a toxic byproduct of halothane. Rats were killed for autopsy at 1, 14, or 21 days after exposure. The most toxic of the trace substances was methyl-monochloroacetate, which produced pronounced eye and respiratory tract irritation at concentrations as low as 250 ppm; some animals exposed to this concentration died within a few days. Many of the trace substances produced liver and kidney damage, but only at relatively high concentrations of 2000 ppm and higher. Dimethyl-carbonate did not produce any toxic effects. None of the trace substances were as toxic as the halothane byproduct, which caused significant respiratory irritation and death at concentrations of 100ppm. The authors conclude that methoxyflurane does not contain trace substances that present a significant toxic hazard during routine use of anesthetic gas.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ In guinea-pigs, chloroacetic acid methyl ester induces sensitization. Cross-sensitization with chloroacetic acid ethyl ester has been observed in this species.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Chloroacetic acid methyl ester is corrosive to rabbit skin and is absorbed through the skin (0.5 mL undiluted substance/rabbit leads to death). The substance is severely irritating to the rabbit eye.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for METHYL CHLOROACETATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Methyl chloroacetate (CAS# 96-34-4) was evaluated for acute inhalation toxicity in male and female rats at dose levels of 1.75, 4.26, and 4.44 mg/L for one-hour. Mortality ratios were 0/5 M, 0/5 F; 2/5 M, 3/5 F; and 4/5 M, 4/5 F, respectively. The estimated LC50 value was 3.69 mg/L (831 ppm).

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 84 mg/L for 24 hr; Effect: behavior, equilibrium /formulation/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Testing the acute toxicity to the Daphnia resulted in a 24 hr EC0 of 3.2 mg/L and a 24 hr EC50 of 5.5 mg/L for inhibition of the swimming capability. The 48 hr and 96 hr LC0 in the zebra fish was 1.13 mg/L. For the rainbow trout, 48 hr LC0 < 2.5 mg/L and 48 hr LC100 of 6 mg/L are reported.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

Methyl chloroacetate's production and use as an intermediate and solvent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 7.63 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates methyl chloroacetate will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase methyl chloroacetate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 65 days. Methyl chloroacetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, methyl chloroacetate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 6. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Methyl chloroacetate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 45-95% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil and water. Biodegradation of the acid may be taking place since the chemical hydrolysis rate is fast. If released into water, methyl chloroacetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 and 16 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is expected to be an important environmental fate process as indicated by reported hydrolysis times of 140 to 0.14 hours at a range of pH 6 to 9. Occupational exposure to methyl chloroacetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where methyl chloroacetate is produced or used. The general population is not expected to be exposed to methyl chloroacetate. (SRC)

Methyl chloroacetate's production and use as an intermediate and solvent(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 6(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that methyl chloroacetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of methyl chloroacetate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 7.63 mm Hg at 25 °C(3), and water solubility, 4600 mg/L(4). Methyl chloroacetate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 45-95% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(5) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 6(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that methyl chloroacetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 7.63 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 4.6X10+4 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 and 16 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.63(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 45-95% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(7) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). A measured base-catalyzed hydrolysis rate constant of 140 L/mole-sec at 25 °C was reported with corresponding hydrolysis half-lives of 140 to 0.14 hrs at pH values of 6-9(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), methyl chloroacetate, which has a vapor pressure of 7.63 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase methyl chloroacetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 65 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.5X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Methyl chloroacetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Methyl chloroacetate, present at 30 mg/L, reached 45-95% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 100 ppm in the Japanese MITI test. Biodegradation of the acid may be taking place since the chemical hydrolysis rate is fast; the formation of hydroxyacetic acid reported(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of methyl chloroacetate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.5X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 65 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 9.4 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(3); this corresponds to half-lives of 9 days and 21 hours at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). A measured base-catalyzed hydrolysis rate constant of 140 L/mole-sec at 25 °C was reported with corresponding hydrolysis half-lives of 140, 14, 1.4 and 0.14 hours at respective pHs of 6, 7, 8 and 9(3). Methyl chloroacetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for methyl chloroacetate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.63(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of methyl chloroacetate can be estimated to be 6(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that methyl chloroacetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for methyl chloroacetate is estimated as 2.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 7.63 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 4.6X10+4 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that methyl chloroacetate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 2 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 16 days(SRC). Methyl chloroacetate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of methyl chloroacetate from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon its vapor pressure(1).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 2 reporting facilities estimated the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of methyl chloroacetate in the United States is as low as 50 but fewer than 100 workers; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 84 mg/L for 24 hr; Effect: behavior, equilibrium /formulation/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Testing the acute toxicity to the Daphnia resulted in a 24 hr EC0 of 3.2 mg/L and a 24 hr EC50 of 5.5 mg/L for inhibition of the swimming capability. The 48 hr and 96 hr LC0 in the zebra fish was 1.13 mg/L. For the rainbow trout, 48 hr LC0 < 2.5 mg/L and 48 hr LC100 of 6 mg/L are reported.

The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms.

Methyl chloroacetate's production and use as an intermediate and solvent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 7.63 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates methyl chloroacetate will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase methyl chloroacetate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 65 days. Methyl chloroacetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, methyl chloroacetate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 6. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. Methyl chloroacetate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 45-95% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil and water. Biodegradation of the acid may be taking place since the chemical hydrolysis rate is fast. If released into water, methyl chloroacetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 and 16 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is expected to be an important environmental fate process as indicated by reported hydrolysis times of 140 to 0.14 hours at a range of pH 6 to 9. Occupational exposure to methyl chloroacetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where methyl chloroacetate is produced or used. The general population is not expected to be exposed to methyl chloroacetate. (SRC)

Methyl chloroacetate's production and use as an intermediate and solvent(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 6(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that methyl chloroacetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of methyl chloroacetate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 7.63 mm Hg at 25 °C(3), and water solubility, 4600 mg/L(4). Methyl chloroacetate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 45-95% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(5) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 6(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that methyl chloroacetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 7.63 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 4.6X10+4 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 and 16 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.63(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 45-95% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(7) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). A measured base-catalyzed hydrolysis rate constant of 140 L/mole-sec at 25 °C was reported with corresponding hydrolysis half-lives of 140 to 0.14 hrs at pH values of 6-9(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), methyl chloroacetate, which has a vapor pressure of 7.63 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase methyl chloroacetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 65 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.5X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Methyl chloroacetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Methyl chloroacetate, present at 30 mg/L, reached 45-95% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 100 ppm in the Japanese MITI test. Biodegradation of the acid may be taking place since the chemical hydrolysis rate is fast; the formation of hydroxyacetic acid reported(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of methyl chloroacetate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.5X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 65 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 9.4 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(3); this corresponds to half-lives of 9 days and 21 hours at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). A measured base-catalyzed hydrolysis rate constant of 140 L/mole-sec at 25 °C was reported with corresponding hydrolysis half-lives of 140, 14, 1.4 and 0.14 hours at respective pHs of 6, 7, 8 and 9(3). Methyl chloroacetate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for methyl chloroacetate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.63(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of methyl chloroacetate can be estimated to be 6(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that methyl chloroacetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for methyl chloroacetate is estimated as 2.4X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 7.63 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 4.6X10+4 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that methyl chloroacetate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 2 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 16 days(SRC). Methyl chloroacetate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of methyl chloroacetate from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon its vapor pressure(1).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 2 reporting facilities estimated the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of methyl chloroacetate in the United States is as low as 50 but fewer than 100 workers; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1,666 workers (272 of these are female) are potentially exposed to methyl chloroacetate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to methyl chloroacetate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where methyl chloroacetate is produced or used. The general population is not expected to be exposed to methyl chloroacetate(SRC).

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

/GUIDE 155 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

/GUIDE 155 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Bromoacetates and chloroacetates are extremely irritating/lachrymators. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

/GUIDE 155 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 155 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for METHYL CHLOROACETATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2295; Methyl chloroacetate

IMO 6.1; Methyl chloroacetate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Methyl chloroacetate included on the dangerous goods list.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Methyl chloroacetate is included on the dangerous goods list.

Poison Flammable Liquid

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T; R: 10-23/25-37/38-41; S: (1/2)-26-37/39-45

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Subsidiary Risks: 3; UN Pack Group: I