Picramic Acid

H201: (Deleted) Explosive; mass explosion hazard [Danger Explosives]

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P230, P240, P250, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, P370+P380, P372, P373, P401, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P317, P321, P330, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H201 (95.1%): (Deleted) Explosive; mass explosion hazard [Danger Explosives]

H302+H312+H332 (46.3%): Harmful if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312 (100%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H332 (100%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H412 (100%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 82 reports by companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P273, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H228: Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]

P210, P240, P241, P280, and P370+P378 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H360F: May damage fertility [Danger Reproductive toxicity]

P203, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P317, P318, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 113 [Flammable Materials (Wet / Desensitized Explosive)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. (ERG, 2024)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Phenols are very toxic poisons AND corrosive and irritating, so that inducing vomiting may make medical problems worse. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 113 [Flammable Materials (Wet / Desensitized Explosive)]:

CARGO FIRE: DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches cargo! Cargo may EXPLODE! Stop all traffic and clear the area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions and let burn. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.

TIRE OR VEHICLE FIRE: Use plenty of water - FLOOD it! If water is not available, use CO2, dry chemical or dirt. If possible, and WITHOUT RISK, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles from maximum distance to prevent fire from spreading to cargo area. Pay special attention to tire fires as re-ignition may occur. Stand by, at a safe distance, with extinguisher ready for possible re-ignition. (ERG, 2024)

Fires involving this chemical can be controlled using dry chemical, CO2, or Halon foam extinguishers. (NTP, 1992)

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

Small Spill

· Flush area with large amounts of water.

Large Spill

· Wet down with water and dike for later disposal.

· KEEP "WETTED" PRODUCT WET BY SLOWLY ADDING FLOODING QUANTITIES OF WATER.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 113 [Flammable Materials (Wet / Desensitized Explosive)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial evacuation for 500 meters (1/3 mile) in all directions.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial evacuation for 500 meters (1/3 mile) in all directions.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 113 [Flammable Materials (Wet / Desensitized Explosive)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

SMALL SPILL: Flush area with large amounts of water.

LARGE SPILL: Wet down with water and dike for later disposal. KEEP "WETTED" PRODUCT WET BY SLOWLY ADDING FLOODING QUANTITIES OF WATER. (ERG, 2024)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If a spill of this chemical occurs, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with acetone and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

CARGO Fire

· DO NOT fight fire when fire reaches cargo! Cargo may EXPLODE!

· Stop all traffic and clear the area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions and let burn.

· Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat.

TIRE or VEHICLE Fire

· Use plenty of water - FLOOD it! If water is not available, use CO2, dry chemical or dirt.

· If possible, and WITHOUT RISK, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles from maximum distance to prevent fire from spreading to cargo area.

· Pay special attention to tire fires as re-ignition may occur. Stand by, at a safe distance, with extinguisher ready for possible re-ignition.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 113 [Flammable Materials (Wet / Desensitized Explosive)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

SUITABLE & EFFECTIVE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (EG, CLOTHING, RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT & GOGGLES) SHOULD BE PROVIDED &, WHERE NECESSARY, BE SUPPLEMENTED BY BARRIER CREAMS & INDUSTRIAL SKIN CLEANSERS. /PICRIC ACID & DERIVATIVES/

2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenol, wetted with not less than 20% water appears as dark red needles or prisms. Red crystals. Water insoluble. Explosive in the dry state but desensitized by wetting. Easily ignited and once ignited burn readily.

2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenol appears as dark red needles or prisms. Red crystals. Water insoluble. Explosive in the dry state but desensitized by wetting. Easily ignited and once ignited burn readily.

Dark red solid; [Merck Index]

Dark red needles from alc, prisms from chloroform

336 °F (NTP, 1992)

410 °F (NTP, 1992)

less than 1 mg/mL at 68.9 °F (NTP, 1992)

@ 22-25 °C, 0.065 g dissolves in 100 ml H2O

More sol in hot water than in cold water

Soluble in benzene & ether

Moderately sol in alc; sol in glacial acetic acid

Sol in aniline

0.00000042 [mmHg]

log Kow= 0.93

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of nitroxides.

Diffusion

Electron conductivity

Viscosity

Nitrogen Compounds -> Other Aromatics (Nitrogen)

Cosmetic ingredients (Picramic Acid) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Hair dyeing

Highly Flammable. Water insoluble.

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Phenols and Cresols

Amines, Aromatic

Water and Aqueous Solutions

Highly Flammable

Explosive

Strong Oxidizing Agent

2-AMINO-4,6-DINITROPHENOL should not be subjected to strong shock or heat, and is a dangerous fire risk. This compound reacts with strong oxidizing agents. (NTP, 1992). Explodes if dried and exposed to heat, flame, friction or shock. Wetting greatly reduces this tendency. Treat as an explosive. Mixing with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides, nitrides, and alkali metals may lead to a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation. May explode in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, even in the presence of water or organic solvents. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. An amino acid (reacts as an acid with bases and as a base with acids).

Combustible when exposed to ... oxidizers.

This partially reduced derivative of picric acid, 'picramic acid', explodes very powerfully when dry.

Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Other Poison - Uncoupler

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Picramic Acid (2-Amino-4,6-dinitrophenol)

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

SCREEN Current

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes if immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . Rapid body cooling may be necessary in case of hyperthermia. Salicylates are contraindicated. /Dinitrophenol and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in severe respiratory distress. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with lactated Ringer's to treat dehydration. Watch for signs of fluid overload and pulmonary edema. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Dinitrophenol and related compounds/

TOXIC SYMPTOMS /OF 2-AMINO-4,6-DINITROPHENOL ARE/ SIMILAR TO 2,4-DINITROPHENOL ...PRODUCES MARKED INCR IN METABOLISM & TEMPERATURE, PROFUSE SWEATING, COLLAPSE, DEATH. MAY CAUSE DERMATITIS, CATARACTS, WT LOSS, GRANULOCYTOPENIA, POLYNEUROPATHY, EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS. /2,4-DINITROPHENOL/

SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 1. MARKED FATIGUE, TREMENDOUS THIRST, PROFUSE SWEATING, FLUSHING OF FACE. 2. NAUSEA, VOMITING, ABDOMINAL PAIN, & OCCASIONALLY DIARRHEA. 3. RESTLESSNESS, ANXIETY, EXCITEMENT, OCCASIONALLY LEADING TO CONVULSIONS. /DINITROPHENOL/

SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 4. RISE IN BODY TEMP...ROUGHLY PROPORTIONAL TO TOXIC DOSE, MAY CULMINATE IN SEVERE HYPERPYREXIA... 5. TACHYCARDIA, HYPERPNEA, DYSPNEA, CYANOSIS, &...MUSCLE CRAMPS. 6. LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS, CESSATION OF BREATHING, & DEATH. /DINITROPHENOL/

SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 7. LATE COMPLICATIONS: A. DECR URINE OUTPUT WITH ALBUMINURIA, CASTS, PIGMENTS, SOMETIMES BLOOD CELLS, DUE TO TOXIC NEPHRITIS. B. JAUNDICE & TENDERNESS IN LIVER REGION DUE TO TOXIC HEPATITIS. /DINITROPHENOL/

SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 8. OCCASIONAL HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS AFTER REPEATED EXPOSURES (OR IN CHRONIC POISONING) INCLUDE AGRANULOCYTIC ANGINA, SKIN RASHES, PERIPHERAL NEURITIS, & LATE CATARACT FORMATION. /DINITROPHENOL/

OTHER COMPD WHICH HAVE BEEN FOUND TO PRODUCE ACUTE TRANSIENT TYPE OF CATARACT IN DUCKLINGS OR CHICKENS ARE 2,4-DINITRO-6-AMINOPHENOL ... .

5-53 MG/KG OF PICRAMIC ACID INTRAVENOUSLY INCREASED BILE FLOW MODERATELY WITHOUT AFFECTING TEMPERATURE OF DOGS. FOR THIS TYPE OF EFFECT ON BILE SECRETION, IT IS NECESSARY TO HAVE NITRO GROUPS IN POSITIONS 2 & 4 OF BENZENE RING & FREE OR POTENTIAL HYDROXYL GROUP.

PICRAMIC ACID (1 MUG/PLATE) INDUCED BOTH BASE PAIR SUBSTITUTION & FRAME SHIFT-TYPE MUTATIONS IN HISTIDINE-REQUIRING STRAINS OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM WITHOUT ACTIVATION BY RAT LIVER PREPARATION.

PICRAMIC ACID WAS MUTAGENIC IN SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM TA98 STRAIN IN THE PRESENCE OF S9 MIXTURE.

Juvenile rainbow trout (S. gairdneri) and American oyster spat (C. virginica) were exposed to sublethal concentrations of picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) and picramic acid (2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenol) for 42 days. No significant inhibition of growth was observed for rainbow trout exposed to 0.45 and 0.05 mg/l picric acid or 0.23 and 0.02 mg/l picramic acid; trout exposed to both compounds developed petechial hemorrhages along the abdomen with > 80% possessing lesions by the end of 42 days. American oysters exposed to 0.45 and 0.05 mg/l picric acid, and 0.24 and 0.02 mg/l picramic acid showed significant inhibition of shell deposition during the 42 days of exposure. Discoloration of the nacre layer of the shell and body mass was observed in oysters exposed to both compounds by the end of the 42 days. Concentrations < 0.001 of the 96 hr LC50 for rainbow trout and 144 hr LC50 of oysters continuously exposed to picric or picramic acids cause sublethal effects. The consequences of the hemorrhages to rainbow trout were not clear; the inhibition of growth in American oysters could have had a significant impact on an oyster fishery because of delays in reaching marketable size.

6.30e+00

8.20e+01

2.00e+00

5.00e+02

1.30e-03

1.00e-04

Volatile

1.90e+01

2.50e+02

6.00e+00

4,6-Dinitro-2-aminophenol's production and use in the manufacture of dyes and its use as a reagent for albumin may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 4.2X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 23 days. Particulate-phase 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition. Nitrophenols absorb light at wavelengths greater than 290 nm, suggesting that photodegradation may be an important fate process although the kinetics of this reaction are unknown. If released to soil, 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc value of 75. Although no dissociation constant was located for this chemical, structurally similar compounds have pKa values in the range of 3-5, indicating that this compound will exist primarily as an anion in moist soils and water surfaces. Volatilization of 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process since the anion will not volatilize and the neutral species has an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-12 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C. 4,6-Dinitro-2-aminophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water column based upon the Koc value. Volatilization of 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon the estimated Henry's Law constant and since this compound should exist primarily as an anion in water. A BCF value of 42 in trout suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Occupational exposure to 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is produced or used. (SRC)

4,6-Dinitro-2-aminophenol's production and use in the manufacture of dyes and as a reagent for albumin(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 75(SRC) from a log Kow of 0.93(2) and a regression derived equation(3) indicates that 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Although no dissociation constant value was located for this chemical, structurally similar compounds have pKa values in the range of 3-5(4), indicating that this compound will exist primarily as an anion in moist soils(SRC). Volatilization of 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) since the anion will not volatilize and the neutral species has an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-12 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(5). 4,6-Dinitro-2-aminophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its estimated vapor pressure of 4.2X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC) determined from a fragment constant method(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 75(SRC) from a log Kow of 0.93(2) and a regression derived equation(3) indicates that 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Although no dissociation constant value was located for this chemical, structurally similar compounds have pKa values in the range of 3-5(4), indicating that this compound will exist primarily as an anion in water surfaces(SRC). Volatilization of 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) since the anion will not volatilize and the neutral species has an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-12 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(5). According to a classification scheme(6), a BCF value of 42 reported in rainbow trout(7) suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 4.2X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 23 days(SRC) from its estimated rate constant of 7.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Particulate-phase 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Nitrophenols exhibit strong absorption of UV light at wavelengths greater than 290 nm(4), suggesting that 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol has the potential to undergo direct photolysis in the environment(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 7.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 23 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 4,6-Dinitro-2-aminophenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). Nitrophenols exhibit strong absorption of UV light at wavelengths greater than 290 nm(3), suggesting that 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol has the potential to undergo direct photolysis in the environment(SRC). Although no dissociation constant value was located for this chemical, structurally similar compounds have pKa values in the range of 3-5(4), indicating that this compound will exist primarily as an anion in the environment(SRC).

A BCF value of 42 was reported for 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol in rainbow trout(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate.

The Koc of 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is estimated as approximately 75(SRC), from its log Kow of 0.93(1) and a regression derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is expected to have high mobility in soil.

6.30e+00

8.20e+01

2.00e+00

5.00e+02

1.30e-03

1.00e-04

Volatile

1.90e+01

2.50e+02

6.00e+00

4,6-Dinitro-2-aminophenol's production and use in the manufacture of dyes and its use as a reagent for albumin may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 4.2X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 23 days. Particulate-phase 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition. Nitrophenols absorb light at wavelengths greater than 290 nm, suggesting that photodegradation may be an important fate process although the kinetics of this reaction are unknown. If released to soil, 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc value of 75. Although no dissociation constant was located for this chemical, structurally similar compounds have pKa values in the range of 3-5, indicating that this compound will exist primarily as an anion in moist soils and water surfaces. Volatilization of 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process since the anion will not volatilize and the neutral species has an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-12 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C. 4,6-Dinitro-2-aminophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water column based upon the Koc value. Volatilization of 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon the estimated Henry's Law constant and since this compound should exist primarily as an anion in water. A BCF value of 42 in trout suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Occupational exposure to 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is produced or used. (SRC)

4,6-Dinitro-2-aminophenol's production and use in the manufacture of dyes and as a reagent for albumin(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 75(SRC) from a log Kow of 0.93(2) and a regression derived equation(3) indicates that 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Although no dissociation constant value was located for this chemical, structurally similar compounds have pKa values in the range of 3-5(4), indicating that this compound will exist primarily as an anion in moist soils(SRC). Volatilization of 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) since the anion will not volatilize and the neutral species has an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-12 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(5). 4,6-Dinitro-2-aminophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its estimated vapor pressure of 4.2X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC) determined from a fragment constant method(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 75(SRC) from a log Kow of 0.93(2) and a regression derived equation(3) indicates that 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Although no dissociation constant value was located for this chemical, structurally similar compounds have pKa values in the range of 3-5(4), indicating that this compound will exist primarily as an anion in water surfaces(SRC). Volatilization of 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) since the anion will not volatilize and the neutral species has an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-12 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(5). According to a classification scheme(6), a BCF value of 42 reported in rainbow trout(7) suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 4.2X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 23 days(SRC) from its estimated rate constant of 7.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Particulate-phase 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Nitrophenols exhibit strong absorption of UV light at wavelengths greater than 290 nm(4), suggesting that 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol has the potential to undergo direct photolysis in the environment(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 7.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 23 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 4,6-Dinitro-2-aminophenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). Nitrophenols exhibit strong absorption of UV light at wavelengths greater than 290 nm(3), suggesting that 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol has the potential to undergo direct photolysis in the environment(SRC). Although no dissociation constant value was located for this chemical, structurally similar compounds have pKa values in the range of 3-5(4), indicating that this compound will exist primarily as an anion in the environment(SRC).

A BCF value of 42 was reported for 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol in rainbow trout(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate.

The Koc of 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is estimated as approximately 75(SRC), from its log Kow of 0.93(1) and a regression derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is estimated as 9.8X10-12 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is not expected to volatilize from moist soil or water surfaces(2). 4,6-Dinitro-2-aminophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its estimated vapor pressure of 4.2X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC) determined from a fragment constant method(3). Although no dissociation constant was located for this chemical, structurally similar compounds have pKa values in the range of 3-5(4), indicating that this compound will exist primarily as an anion in moist soils and water surfaces(SRC).

IT IS AN ORGANIC CONTAMINANT FOUND IN DRINKING WATER WITH NO AVAILABLE INFORMATION ON CHRONIC TOXICITY. /FROM TABLE/

4,6-Dinitro-2-aminophenol was identified, not quantified, in drinking water in the US(1).

Occupational exposure to 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 4,6-dinitro-2-aminophenol is produced or used. (SRC)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Flammable Solid