1-Chloro-2,4-Dinitrobenzene

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H373 **: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.5% (1 of 191) of reports.

H301+H331 (75.4%): Toxic if swallowed or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H301 (84.8%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H302 (13.6%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H310 (90.6%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315 (92.7%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (90.1%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (92.1%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H331 (84.8%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H373 (84.8%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400 (93.2%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410 (99%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 191 reports by companies from 22 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 191 reports by companies.

There are 21 notifications provided by 190 of 191 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

P203, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P321, P330, P332+P317, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer immediately for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

To fight fire use /carbon dioxide/, dry chemical.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Vacuum with specialist equipment or carefully sweep into sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

... BECAUSE 1-CHLORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE IS EXTREMELY ALLERGENIC, IT SHOULD BE ONLY USED IN CLOSED /AIR CONDITIONED/ SYSTEMS THAT AFFORD NO HUMAN CONTACT.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases, strong reducing agents, food and feedstuffs and ammonia. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

PROTECT AGAINST PHYSICAL DAMAGE, KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT AND SOURCES OF IGNITION OR ACUTE FIRE HAZARD AREAS. STORAGE AREA SHOULD BE EQUIPPED WITH AN AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM IF WITHIN A BUILDING.

1.0 [mg/m3]

21 [mg/m3]

130 [mg/m3]

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is severely irritating to the skin and eyes. The substance may cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. Exposure to high concentrations could cause death.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. The substance may have effects on the blood. This may result in a decrease in haemoglobin and a decrease of blood cells.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024)

NO open flames. NO contact with incompatible substances. See Chemical Dangers. Do NOT expose to friction or shock.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! AVOID ALL CONTACT! FIRST AID: USE PERSONAL PROTECTION.

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene appears as pale yellow needles, almond odor.

Yellow solid with an almond odor; [HSDB] Crystalline powder; [MSDSonline]

PALE YELLOW CRYSTALS WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Yellow crystals

Pale yellow needles

Almond odor

315 °C @760 [mm Hg]

52-54 °C

MELTING POINT: 43 °C /BETA FORM, UNSTABLE/

MP: 27 °C /GAMMA FORM, UNSTABLE/

382 °F (NFPA, 2010)

382 °F (194 °C)

Soluble in ether, benzene, and carbon disulfide; sparingly soluble in cold, freely soluble in hot alcohol

In water, 9.24 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water at 15 °C: very poor

13.8 [ug/mL] (The mean of the results at pH 7.4)

Density (at 20 °C): 1.7 g/cm³

1.68 @25 °C

6.98 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 7.0

0.000085 [mmHg]

8.5X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure at 20 °C: negligible

log Kow = 2.17

2.17 (estimated)

Index of refraction: 1.5857 at 60 °C/D

Can exist in three forms: one stable and two labile; the stable alpha-form crystallizes in yellow rhombic crystals from diethyl ether; MP alpha-form is 53.4 °C, beta-form 43 °C, and 27 °C

DENSITY OR SP GR : 1.6867 @ 16 °C /BETA FORM/; MELTING POINT: 53 °C /ALPHA FORM, STABLE/

YELLOW RHOMBIC CRYSTALS /ALPHA FORM/

YELLOW RHOMBIC CRYSTALS FROM ETHER, NEEDLES FROM ALCOHOL /BETA FORM/

Chemical shift

Crystal structure

Diamagnetic susceptibility

Formula unit

Lineshape

Magnetic susceptibility

Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Optical coefficient

Quadrupole coupling

Refractive index

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Aryl Halides

Explosive

Strong Oxidizing Agent

Self-reactive [Halpern, Chem. and Eng. News, 29:2666(1951)]. The mixture of this ompound with hydrazine hydrate caused a violent reaction.

Explosive reaction with ammonia at 170 °C/40 bar.

Reacts violently with hydrazine sulfate or hydrazine hydrate.

In absence of diluent, the reaction is ... violent to shatter the flask.

The substance can be absorbed into the body through the skin and by ingestion.

Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Dizziness. Headache. Laboured breathing. Nausea. Vomiting. Blurred vision.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal pain. Further see Inhalation.

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

LD50 Rat ip 280 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit skin 130 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 780 mg/kg

THE CONJUGATION OF 1-CHLORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE WITH GLUTATHIONE BY ... GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES A, B, AND C IS INHIBITED TO VARYING DEGREES BY ... SEVERAL STEROID SULFATE CONJUGATES, PARTICULARLY BY ESTRADIOL-3,17-DISULFATE AND ESTRADIOL-3-SULFATE.

SKIN SENSITIVITY OF 1-CHLORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE; 4-CHLORO-3,5-DINITROPHENYL METHYL SULFONE & N,N-DIPROPYL-4-(METHYLSULFONYL)-2,6-DINITROANILINE IN GUINEA PIGS & THEIR CROSS-REACTIONS WITH OTHER NITROBENZENE DERIVATIVES DETERMINED. 4-CHLORO-3,5-DINITROPHENYL METHYL SULFONE & 1-CHLORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE CROSS-REACTED WITH DNFB.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary. Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Contact sensitization by ingredients in personal products is an important clinical problem. It is not clear how sensitization is induced by the generally low concentrations at which they occur but it might be the result of repeated exposure. To compare the strength of contact sensitization induced by a single exposure to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (60 ug cm(-2)) or three repeated exposures to a subsensitizing dose (10 ug cm(-2)). Two groups (n = 10) of healthy adult volunteers were randomized to receive either a single patch of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene 60 ug cm(-2) or three once-weekly applications to the same site of 10 ug cm(-2) 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene. Four weeks after the last application, sensitization was quantified by measurement of responses (skinfold thickness) to a graded series of four challenge doses. All the volunteers were sensitized and the strength of the responses was virtually identical between the groups. The same degree of sensitization was induced by three exposures to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene 10 ug cm(-2) as by one exposure to 60 ug cm(-2) of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene. Thus repeated exposure to low doses of contact sensitizers may increase the sensitizing potency.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Chronic poisoning ... cause gradual onset of symptoms of retrobulbar neuritis, with blurring of vision, central scotoma, esp for green, and constriction of visual fields ... optic neuritis may gradually become evident, in exceptional instances leading to optic atrophy ... pupillary reaction in accommodation /is impaired/ ... .

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Typically the retrobulbar neuritis /resulting from chronic poisoning/ has been assoc with peripheral neuritis manifest as paresthesias and pains in the legs and burning of the feet.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Dermal exposure can result in contact urticaria and yellow discoloration of the skin, as well as violent dermatitis.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1-CHLORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The cmpd is irritating to the skin of rabbits & highly irritating to their eyes.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ ... Respiratory allergy was tested in Th2-prone Brown Norway (BN) rats by dermal sensitization with the contact allergen dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB; 1%, day 0; 0.5%, day 7) and a head/nose-only inhalation challenge of 27mg/cu m of DNCB (15 min, day 21), using a protocol that successfully identified chemical respiratory allergens. Skin allergy to DNCB was examined in BN rats and Th1-prone Wistar rats in a local lymph node assay followed by a topical patch challenge of 0.1% DNCB. Sensitization of BN rats via the skin induced DNCB-specific IgG in serum, but not in all animals, and an increased number of CD4+ cells in the lung parenchyma. Subsequent inhalation challenge with DNCB did not provoke apneas or allergic inflammation (signs of respiratory allergy) in the BN rats. However, microarray analysis of mRNA isolated from the lung revealed upregulation of the genes for Ccl2 (MCP-1), Ccl4 (MIP-1beta), Ccl7 and Ccl17. Skin challenge induced considerably less skin irritation and allergic dermatitis in the BN rat than in the Wistar rat. In conclusion, the Th2-prone BN rat appeared less sensitive to DNCB than the Wistar rat; nevertheless, DNCB induced allergic inflammation in the skin of BN rats but even a relatively high challenge concentration did not induce allergy in the respiratory tract, although genes associated with allergy were upregulated in lung tissue.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Previously, the contact allergen dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was identified as a sensitizer by inhalation in BALB/c mice; in addition, DNCB induced a lymphocytic infiltrate in the larynx of dermally sensitized Th1-prone Wistar rats upon a single inhalation challenge. In the present study, repeated inhalation exposures to DNCB were investigated using the same protocol as the single-challenge study: female Wistar rats were dermally sensitized with DNCB and subsequently challenged by inhalation exposure to 7 or 15 mg/cu m3 DNCB twice a week for 4 weeks. Allergy-related apnoeic breathing was not observed. DNCB-specific IgG antibodies were found in the serum and--predominantly lymphocytic--inflammations were found in the nasal tissues and larynx. Similar effects were observed in animals repeatedly exposed by inhalation without previous dermal contact, indicating sensitization by inhalation. The inflammation may be the upper respiratory tract analogue of hypersensitivity pneumonitis/allergic alveolitis. Possible progression of the airway inflammation upon long-term exposure should be investigated to support or dismiss discrimination between contact and respiratory allergens in relation to respiratory allergy.

/GENOTOXICITY/ In the Salmonella/microsome test, 1-chlor-2,4-dinitrobenzene was mutagenic for TA100, TA1538, and TA98 /strains/... .

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1-CHLORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EC50; Species: Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Green Algae) Exponential Growth Phase, 2 X10+8 cells/L; Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C, pH 6.6; Concentration: 800 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 400-1500 ug/L); Effect: growth, general />99% purity formulation/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) adult; Conditions: freshwater, static, 19.0-20.0 °C, pH 7.0-7.6, hardness 250 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 660 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 640-670 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, immobilization /formulation/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) adult; Conditions: freshwater, static, 19.0-20.0 °C, pH 7.0-7.6, hardness 250 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 490 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 480-510 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, immobilization /formulation/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age <24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 8.2, hardness 250 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen >6.5 mg/L; Concentration: 800 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 600-1800 ug/L) />99% purity formulation/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 1-CHLORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ This study evaluated the activity and expression of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) detoxification isoenzymes in juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during acclimation from freshwater (2 per thousand) to estuarine (15 per thousand) salinity conditions. In white sturgeon, GST activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) increased significantly (P = 0.005; n = 5) with elevated salinity, but not for the Chinook salmon (P = 0.174; n = 10). ... In conclusion, overall GST activity in white sturgeon, but not Chinook salmon, is stimulated by elevated water salinity, thus electrophilic chemicals such as pesticides may be more effectively detoxified by sturgeon as they undergo seaward migration.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Disturbances in antioxidant defenses decrease cellular protection against oxidative stress and jeopardize cellular homeostasis. To knock down the antioxidant defenses of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, animals were pre-treated with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and further challenged with pro-oxidant menadione (MEN). CDNB pre-treatment (10uM for 18 hr) was able to consume cellular thiols in gills, decreasing GSH (53%) and decrease protein thiols (25%). CDNB pre-treatment also disrupted glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase activity in the gills, but likewise strongly induced glutathione S-transferase activity (270% increase). Surprisingly, hemocyte viability was greatly affected 24 hr after CDNB removal, indicating a possible vulnerability of the oyster immune system to electrophilic attack. New in vivo approaches were established, allowing the identification of higher rates of GSH-CDNB conjugate export to the seawater and enabling the measurement of the organic peroxide consumption rate. CDNB-induced impairment in antioxidant defenses decreased the peroxide removal rate from seawater. After showing that CDNB decreased gill antioxidant defenses and increased DNA damage in hemocytes, oysters were further challenged with 1 mM MEN over 24 hr. MEN treatment did not affect thiol homeostasis in gills, while CDNB pre-treated animals recovered GSH and PSH to the control level after 24 hr of depuration. Interestingly, MEN intensified GSH and PSH loss and mortality in CDNB-pre-treated animals, showing a clear synergistic effect. The superoxide-generating one-electron reduction of MEN was predominant in gills and may have contributed to MEN toxicity. These results support the idea that antioxidant-depleted animals are more susceptible to oxidative attack, which can compromise survival. Data also corroborate the idea that gills are an important detoxifying organ, able to dispose of organic peroxides, induce phase II enzymes, and efficiently export GSH-CDNB conjugates.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene's production and use in the manufacture of intermediates for dyes and pesticides and as a reagent for the determination of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and other pyridines may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 8.5X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 750 days. 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene absorbs light greater than 290 nm and is susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight. Particulate-phase 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene may be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to have low mobility based upon a measured Koc of 501 and an estimated Koc of 575. Strong adsorption to clay surfaces may lower the mobility of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in soils rich in clay content. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to occur slowly based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.45X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was not biodegraded in the Japanese MITI screening test using an activated sludge inoculum. Biodegradation data on similar dinitrobenzenes suggest that 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene will be biodegraded slowly in water and soil. If released into water, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the measured and estimated Koc values. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to occur slowly based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 21 and 160 days, respectively. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important fate process for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene since this compound lacks functional groups that undergo hydrolysis under environmental conditions. Photodegradation is expected to occur in surface water; an average photolysis half-life of 32 hours in surface water exposed to sunlight has been reported for this class of compounds. A BCF range of <4.2 to <44 measured in carp suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is produced or used. (SRC)

1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene's production and use in the manufacture of intermediates for dyes and pesticides(1) and as a reagent for the determination of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and other pyridines(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a measured Koc of 501 in a river sediment(2) and an estimated Koc value of 575(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(3), indicates that 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Adsorption to clay can decrease mobility(4). Volatilization of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene from moist soil surfaces is expected to occur slowly(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.45X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from its vapor pressure of 8.5X10-5 mm Hg(5) and water solubility of 9.24 mg/L(6). 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure. A 0% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(7) suggests that biodegradation is slow in the absence of acclimation(SRC). Biodegradation data on structurally similar dinitrobenzenes(8,9) suggest that 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene will be biodegraded slowly in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a measured Koc of 501 in a river sediment(2) and an estimated Koc value of 575(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(3), indicates that 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.45X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from its vapor pressure of 8.5X10-5 mm Hg(5) and water solubility of 9.24 mg/L at 25 °C(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 21 and 160 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), a BCF range of <4.2 to <44 measured in carp(8) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 0% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(8) suggests that biodegradation is slow in the absence of acclimation(SRC). Biodegradation data on structurally similar dinitrobenzenes(9,10) suggest that 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene will be biodegraded slowly in water(SRC). Photodegradation is expected to occur in surface water exposed to sunlight(SRC) since 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene absorbs light strongly above 290 nm(11,12); an average photolysis half-life of 32 hours in surface water exposed to sunlight has been reported for this class of compounds(12). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important fate process for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene since this compound lacks functional groups that undergo hydrolysis under environmental conditions(4).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, which has a vapor pressure of 8.5X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 750 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.14X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene absorbs light strongly above 290 nm(4) which suggests that 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is susceptible to direct photolysis in the environment(SRC).

AEROBIC: 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is reported as non-biodegradable in water based on an aqueous screening biodegradation test using 100 ppm as an initial concn, activated sludge inoculum and a 2 week incubation period(1). 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0 percent of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test suggesting the compound is not readily biodegradable(2). Structurally similar compounds have been shown to undergo biodegradation slowly in the environment(3,4). The half-life of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in a dry silt loam soil was greater than 50 days(3) suggesting biodegradation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene also occurs slowly in the environment(SRC).

EC50; Species: Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Green Algae) Exponential Growth Phase, 2 X10+8 cells/L; Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C, pH 6.6; Concentration: 800 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 400-1500 ug/L); Effect: growth, general />99% purity formulation/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) adult; Conditions: freshwater, static, 19.0-20.0 °C, pH 7.0-7.6, hardness 250 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 660 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 640-670 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, immobilization /formulation/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) adult; Conditions: freshwater, static, 19.0-20.0 °C, pH 7.0-7.6, hardness 250 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 490 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 480-510 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, immobilization /formulation/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea) age <24 hr; Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 8.2, hardness 250 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen >6.5 mg/L; Concentration: 800 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 600-1800 ug/L) />99% purity formulation/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 1-CHLORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ This study evaluated the activity and expression of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) detoxification isoenzymes in juvenile white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during acclimation from freshwater (2 per thousand) to estuarine (15 per thousand) salinity conditions. In white sturgeon, GST activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) increased significantly (P = 0.005; n = 5) with elevated salinity, but not for the Chinook salmon (P = 0.174; n = 10). ... In conclusion, overall GST activity in white sturgeon, but not Chinook salmon, is stimulated by elevated water salinity, thus electrophilic chemicals such as pesticides may be more effectively detoxified by sturgeon as they undergo seaward migration.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Disturbances in antioxidant defenses decrease cellular protection against oxidative stress and jeopardize cellular homeostasis. To knock down the antioxidant defenses of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, animals were pre-treated with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and further challenged with pro-oxidant menadione (MEN). CDNB pre-treatment (10uM for 18 hr) was able to consume cellular thiols in gills, decreasing GSH (53%) and decrease protein thiols (25%). CDNB pre-treatment also disrupted glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase activity in the gills, but likewise strongly induced glutathione S-transferase activity (270% increase). Surprisingly, hemocyte viability was greatly affected 24 hr after CDNB removal, indicating a possible vulnerability of the oyster immune system to electrophilic attack. New in vivo approaches were established, allowing the identification of higher rates of GSH-CDNB conjugate export to the seawater and enabling the measurement of the organic peroxide consumption rate. CDNB-induced impairment in antioxidant defenses decreased the peroxide removal rate from seawater. After showing that CDNB decreased gill antioxidant defenses and increased DNA damage in hemocytes, oysters were further challenged with 1 mM MEN over 24 hr. MEN treatment did not affect thiol homeostasis in gills, while CDNB pre-treated animals recovered GSH and PSH to the control level after 24 hr of depuration. Interestingly, MEN intensified GSH and PSH loss and mortality in CDNB-pre-treated animals, showing a clear synergistic effect. The superoxide-generating one-electron reduction of MEN was predominant in gills and may have contributed to MEN toxicity. These results support the idea that antioxidant-depleted animals are more susceptible to oxidative attack, which can compromise survival. Data also corroborate the idea that gills are an important detoxifying organ, able to dispose of organic peroxides, induce phase II enzymes, and efficiently export GSH-CDNB conjugates.

The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment.

1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene's production and use in the manufacture of intermediates for dyes and pesticides and as a reagent for the determination of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and other pyridines may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 8.5X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 750 days. 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene absorbs light greater than 290 nm and is susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight. Particulate-phase 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene may be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to have low mobility based upon a measured Koc of 501 and an estimated Koc of 575. Strong adsorption to clay surfaces may lower the mobility of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in soils rich in clay content. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to occur slowly based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.45X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was not biodegraded in the Japanese MITI screening test using an activated sludge inoculum. Biodegradation data on similar dinitrobenzenes suggest that 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene will be biodegraded slowly in water and soil. If released into water, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the measured and estimated Koc values. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to occur slowly based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 21 and 160 days, respectively. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important fate process for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene since this compound lacks functional groups that undergo hydrolysis under environmental conditions. Photodegradation is expected to occur in surface water; an average photolysis half-life of 32 hours in surface water exposed to sunlight has been reported for this class of compounds. A BCF range of <4.2 to <44 measured in carp suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Occupational exposure to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is produced or used. (SRC)

1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene's production and use in the manufacture of intermediates for dyes and pesticides(1) and as a reagent for the determination of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and other pyridines(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a measured Koc of 501 in a river sediment(2) and an estimated Koc value of 575(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(3), indicates that 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Adsorption to clay can decrease mobility(4). Volatilization of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene from moist soil surfaces is expected to occur slowly(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.45X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from its vapor pressure of 8.5X10-5 mm Hg(5) and water solubility of 9.24 mg/L(6). 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure. A 0% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(7) suggests that biodegradation is slow in the absence of acclimation(SRC). Biodegradation data on structurally similar dinitrobenzenes(8,9) suggest that 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene will be biodegraded slowly in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a measured Koc of 501 in a river sediment(2) and an estimated Koc value of 575(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(3), indicates that 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.45X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from its vapor pressure of 8.5X10-5 mm Hg(5) and water solubility of 9.24 mg/L at 25 °C(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 21 and 160 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), a BCF range of <4.2 to <44 measured in carp(8) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 0% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(8) suggests that biodegradation is slow in the absence of acclimation(SRC). Biodegradation data on structurally similar dinitrobenzenes(9,10) suggest that 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene will be biodegraded slowly in water(SRC). Photodegradation is expected to occur in surface water exposed to sunlight(SRC) since 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene absorbs light strongly above 290 nm(11,12); an average photolysis half-life of 32 hours in surface water exposed to sunlight has been reported for this class of compounds(12). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important fate process for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene since this compound lacks functional groups that undergo hydrolysis under environmental conditions(4).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, which has a vapor pressure of 8.5X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 750 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.14X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene absorbs light strongly above 290 nm(4) which suggests that 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is susceptible to direct photolysis in the environment(SRC).

AEROBIC: 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is reported as non-biodegradable in water based on an aqueous screening biodegradation test using 100 ppm as an initial concn, activated sludge inoculum and a 2 week incubation period(1). 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, present at 100 mg/L, reached 0 percent of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test suggesting the compound is not readily biodegradable(2). Structurally similar compounds have been shown to undergo biodegradation slowly in the environment(3,4). The half-life of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in a dry silt loam soil was greater than 50 days(3) suggesting biodegradation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene also occurs slowly in the environment(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.14X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 750 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene absorbs UV light strongly above 290 nm(2) which suggests that 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is susceptible to direct photolysis in the environment(SRC). In aqueous solution, dinitrobenzenes have quantum yields generally greater than 0.001 at 313 nm(3) indicating that direct photolysis will occur in sunlight(SRC); an average photolysis half-life of 32 hours in surface water exposed to sunlight has been reported for this class of compounds(3). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important fate process for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene since this compound lacks functional groups that undergo hydrolysis under environmental conditions(4).

The BCF in carp (Cyprinus carpio) ranged from <4.2 to <44 at test concentrations of 1-10 ppb 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene over a 6-week exposure period(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

A Koc of 501 was measured for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene using a sediment (1.28% organic carbon content) collected from the Yangtse River in China(1). Sorption to montmorillonite clay is stronger (Koc of 6000)(2). Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(3), the Koc of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene can be estimated to be 575(SRC). According to a classification scheme(4), Koc values of 501-575 suggests that 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil. It has been shown that nitrobenzenes adsorb strongly to clay surfaces and the mobility of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to be low in soils rich in clay content(5,6).

The Henry's Law constant for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is estimated as 2.45X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) calculated from its vapor pressure of 8.5X10-5 mm Hg(1) and water solubility of 9.24 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 21 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 160 days(SRC). 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to occur slowly(SRC). 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

SURFACE WATER: 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene has been detected in the Rhine river at concentrations of <0.01 ug/L in 1978 and 1979(1). 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene concentrations of 0.005 to 0.026 ug/L were detected in water samples collected from 3 sites on Yellow River in China (at 9 other sites, levels were below detection limits)(2).

1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was identified, not quantified, in water effluent from sulfur dye production(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is 100 to 999; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 170 workers (14 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is produced or used(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Chlorodinitrobenzenes; Chlorodinitrobenzenes, liquid; Chlorodinitrobenzenes, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Chlorodinitrobenzenes; Chlorodinitrobenzenes, liquid; Chlorodinitrobenzenes, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Chlorodinitrobenzenes; Chlorodinitrobenzenes, liquid; Chlorodinitrobenzenes, solid/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Chlorodinitrobenzenes; Chlorodinitrobenzenes, liquid; Chlorodinitrobenzenes, solid/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1-CHLORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1577; Dinitrochlorobenzenes, liquid or solid

IMO 6.1; Dinitrochlorobenzenes, liquid or solid

49 214 24; Dinitrochlorobenzene

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Marine pollutant.

Symbol: T, N; R: 23/24/25-33-50/53; S: (1/2)-28-36/37-45-60-61; Note: C

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II