Ethyl Methacrylate

H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P272, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 1196) of reports.

H225 (> 99.9%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]

H315 (> 99.9%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (> 99.9%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319 (99.8%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (> 99.9%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1196 reports by companies from 24 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 1196 reports by companies.

There are 23 notifications provided by 1195 of 1196 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P272, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P317, P319, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious); polymerization hazard]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use powder, AFFF, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or alcohol foam extinguishers. Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbond dioxide. Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame, consider evacuation of 1/3 mile radius.

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame, consider evacuation of 1/3 mile radius.

Vapors are heavier than air and can travel back to a source of ignition and flash back.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious); polymerization hazard]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Remove all ignition sources. Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit and filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Ventilation. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Establish forced ventilation to keep levels below explosive limit. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep ethyl methacrylate out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the build-up of explosive concentrations. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U118, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner that results in no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose of, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance procedures to confirm the efficacy of the cleaning procedures should be implemented prior to the decontaminated protective clothing being returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing (including shoes/socks) should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

... Inhalation & skin contact should be avoided. /Methacrylates/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Ethyl methacrylate (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious); polymerization hazard]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. Cool. Keep in the dark. Store only if stabilized.

Before entering confined space where this chemical may be present, check to make sure that an explosive concentration does not exist. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from oxidizers (such as perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chlorates, and nitrates). Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where ethyl methacrylate is handled, used, or stored. Metal containers involving the transfer of 5 gallons or more of ethyl methacrylate should be grounded and bonded. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only nonsparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of ethyl methacrylate.

Storage temp: below 38 °C (100 °F).

Acrylic resin ... /monomers, such as ethyl methacrylate/ polymerize readily in the presence of light, heat, or catalysts such as benzoyl peroxide; they must be stored ... with inhibitors present to avoid spontaneous & explosive polymerization.

The effectiveness of phenolic inhibitors, eg, monomethyl ether of hydroquinone & hydroquinone, depends on the presence of oxygen. Monomers inhibited with these materials must be stored in air rather than in an inert atmosphere. Contamination must be avoided; eg, moisture may cause rust-initiated polymerization. Temperatures during storage must be kept low to minimize formation of peroxides & other oxidation products. ... In general, the methacrylate monomers should not be stored for longer than 1 year. ... The methacrylic esters may be stored in mild steel (low carbon), stainless steel, or aluminum. /Methacrylate monomers/

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

20 [ppm]

61 [ppm]

370 [ppm]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

Lachrymation. The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization.

Impervious gloves; splash goggles; self-contained breathing apparatus if exposed to vapors; coveralls (USCG, 1999)

Suitable protective clothing and self-contained respiratory protective apparatus should be available ... /Acrylic acid deriv/

Breakthrough times of ethyl methacrylate through chlorinated polyethylene are less (usually significantly less) than one hour reported by (normally) two or more testers. /Ethyl methacrylate/

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. NO contact with strong oxidizing agents. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling.

AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use ventilation. Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective clothing. Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

Ethyl methacrylate appears as a colorless moderately toxic liquid with an acrid odor. Flash point of 70 °F. Boiling point 278 °F. Vapors irritate the eyes and respiratory system. Less dense than water. Not soluble in water. Used to make polymers and other chemicals.

Colorless liquid with an acrid odor; [HSDB]

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

A colorless moderately toxic liquid with an acrid odor.

Colorless, liquid

Acrid odor

243 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

119 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-103 °F (NTP, 1992)

60 °F (NTP, 1992)

68 °F (20 °C) (Open cup)

20 °C o.c.

5 to 10 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)

Slightly soluble in chloroform; miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether

Insoluble in water

In water, 5.4X10+3 mg/L at 25 °C

Solubility in water: poor

0.9151 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.9135 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.91

0.911 @25 °C

3.94 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

20.59 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 3.9

14 mmHg at 36 °F ; 26.2 mmHg at 73 °F; 67.0 mmHg at 118 °F (NTP, 1992)

21.0 [mmHg]

20.59 mm Hg at 20 °C

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 2

14 mmHg at 36 °F, 26.2 mmHg at 73 °F, 67 mmHg at 118 °F

20.59 [mm Hg] @20 °C

log Kow = 1.94

740 °F (USCG, 1999)

When heated to decomposition, it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

0.92 mPa (cP)

-7.040 cal/g (-294X10+5 J/kg; 12.670 Btu/lb)

96 cal/g (4.0X10+5 J/kg; 170 Btu/lb)

Heat can cause a violent polymerization reaction with rapid release of energy.

Acrylic resin ... /monomers, such as ethyl methacrylate/ polymerize readily in the presence of light, heat, or catalysts such as benzoyl peroxide; they must ... /contain/ inhibitors ... to avoid spontaneous & explosive polymerization.

Index of refraction: 1.4147 at 20 °C/D

Conversion factors (wt/vol): 4.66 mg/cu m is equivalent to 1 ppm

Highly flammable. A very dangerous fire and explosion hazard. Not soluble in water.

Acrylates and Acrylic Acids

Polymerizable Compounds

Highly Flammable

Polymerizable

May polymerize if heated for prolonged periods or accidentally contaminated. If polymerization takes place inside a container, the container may violently rupture. Can react with oxidizing materials. When heated to decomposition it emits irritating fumes and acrid smoke [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1576].

Forms explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with strong acids, amines, ozidizers. Corrodes some metals.

Based on the available data on the formulation of nail products containing Ethyl Methacrylate, the CIR Expert Panel concludes that this ingredient is safe as used when application is accompanied by directions to avoid skin contact because of the sensitizing potential of Ethyl Methacrylate.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

Ethyl methacrylate

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)

Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour.

Sore throat. Cough.

Redness. Pain.

Watering of the eyes. Redness. Pain.

Vomiting. Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Nausea.

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

Asthma - Reversible bronchoconstriction (narrowing of bronchioles) initiated by the inhalation of irritating or allergenic agents.

Ethyl Methacrylate

3 x 10^-1 mg/m^3

3 mg/m^3

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

PPRTV Current

HEAST Archive

LC50 (rat) = 8,300 ppm/4h

The estimated human fatal dose may be about 5.4 g/kg.

LD50 Rabbit dermal >9.1 g/kg

LD50 Rat oral 14,800 mg/kg

LC50 Rat inhalation 8300 ppm/4 hr

LC50 Rat inhalation 11,605 ppm (55 mg/L)/4 hr (OECD 403)

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for Ethyl methacrylate (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Esters and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Provide a low-stimulus environment. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Treat frostbite by rapid rewarming ... . /Esters and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Esters and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... In 542 dermatitis patients given covered patch tests with 1% EMA or 1% nBMA in petrolatum, one individual responded to EMA and another to both EMA and nBMA ... No reactions were seen in 22 contact dermatitis patients given 24-hr covered patch tests with esters within the category at a concentration of 1% in petrolatum ... The contact dermatitis of many of the tested individuals was attributed to (meth)acrylate exposure ... The prevalence of positive clinical challenge responses /was reported/ in dental clinicians that had been referred with dermatitis and suspected of having allergy to (meth)acrylates as 1.2% (51/4221) for MMA, 0.7% (16/2323) for EMA and 0.3% (1/347) for BMA ... The prevalence in a similar, pre-selected clinical cohort /was reported/ as 0.8% (9/1161) for MMA and 0.3% (2/625) for EMA ... The prevalence of positive clinical challenge tests in patients referred with dermatitis with previous contact with (meth)acrylates was reported as 4.8% (17/352) for MMA, 4.4% (11/246) for EMA and 0.6% (2/331) for BMA ... Cross-reactivity with common acrylates (i.e. between methacrylates and acrylates) has not been observed ... and methacrylic acid, the common hydrolysis product for these methacrylate esters, is not a contact allergen ... /Short chain alkyl-methacrylate esters/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Ethyl Methacrylate was tested on 542 dermatitis patients using either the A1-Test (Imeco Agency, Sweden) or the Finn Chamber method. Each subject was exposed for 48 hours to 1% Ethyl Methacrylate in petrolatum, and scoring was conducted at 48 and 96 hours. Only one subject developed signs of irritation. Four subjects who were sensitive to methyl methacrylate were also tested with Ethyl Methacrylate. No cross-reactions were observed ...

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Acrylates ... have the potential to cause respiratory symptoms, most commonly asthma.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Ethyl methacrylate (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Groups of 10 rats (strain and sex unknown) were administered Ethyl Methacrylate via stomach tube at doses ranging from 12.70 to 18.14 g/kg. The LD50 was between 12.70 and 14.51 g/kg. Two to 4 minutes following administration, the rats had an increased rate of respiration with lacrimation. After 15 to 40 minutes, they had motor weakness and their respiration decreased and breathing was irregular and labored. The frequency of defecation and urination were increased, blood was present in the urine, and reflex activity disappeared. The animals died in coma 1 to 1.5 hours following dosing. At necropsy, lesions were found primarily in the respiratory system. The lungs, trachea, and bronchi were markedly congested and edematous. The lungs were also spotted with areas of hemorrhage and emphysema. The thymus was swollen and congested. In the heart, the ventricles were well contracted and the auricles were dilated and filled with dark clotted blood. Blood was found in the dilated abdominal vessels. The greatly distended urinary bladder often contained bloody fluid, and the mucosa had areas of hemorrhage, necrosis, and detachment. Congestion of the intestine and acute inflammation of the mucosa were also evident ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Six of 10 rats (sex and strain ununknown) died 8 to 18 hours following a single subcutaneous injection of 25 cc Ethyl Methacrylate. The animals had clinical signs of toxicity similar to that seen in the acute oral studies. A sudden increase in respiration was followed by reduced and labored respiration, the urine contained blood, and motor control and reflex activity were severely diminished. Lesions found at necropsy were the same as those found in the rats of the acute oral studies. The researchers noted that the LD50 dosage was greater for the subcutaneous study than for the oral study, suggesting that subcutaneous absorption was less rapid ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The LC50/24 for 10 /male/ Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to Ethyl Methacrylate in their air for 4 hours was 8300 ppm. During exposure, the behavior of the rats reflected irritation of the eyes, nose, and respiratory tract. The rats squinted, huddled, and had labored respiration. The investigators noted that death was predictable by the blanching of the pinnae and paws. Animals that survived the first 24 hours also survived the 14-day observation period. At necropsy, no gross abnormalities were found ...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Groups of two rats, one guinea pig, and one rabbit (strain and sex of test animals unknown) were exposed to 12.4, 15.0, and 17.7 mg/L Ethyl Methacrylate for 8 hours. Doses of 15.0 and 17.7 mg/L killed the rats within 3 to 4 hours, but did not kill either the rabbits or guinea pigs. None of the animals exposed to 12.4 mg/L Ethyl Methacrylate died. At necropsy, the lungs, trachea, and bronchi of the rats were markedly congested and edematous, and the lungs had areas of hemorrhage and emphysema. Pathological changes were also found in the thymus, heart, and abdomen. These changes were similar to those observed in the acute oral studies ...

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Ethyl methacrylate (38 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50; Species: Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout); Conditions: flow-through; Concentration: 100 mg/L for 96 hr

EC50; Species: Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifer, age <2 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C, pH 7.5; Concentration: 250 mg/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 0-620 mg/L); Effect: decreased reproduction (progeny count/ numbers) /99.1% purity/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (water flea); Conditions: flow-through; Concentration: >66 mg/L for 48 hr; Effect: Immobilization

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (algae); Conditions: static, closed vessel; Concentration: >110 mg/L for 72 hr; Effect: growth rate

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (algae); Conditions: static, closed vessel; Concentration: 72 mg/L for 72 hr; Effect: growth rate

1.80e+03

7.60e+03

3.10e+02

1.30e+03

6.30e+02

2.00e+00

1.50e-01

3.00e-01

Volatile

1.10e+03

5.40e+03

2.30e+04

9.40e+02

3.90e+03

1.90e+03

Ethyl methacrylate's production and use in acrylic polymers used to build automotive, aerospace, and furniture components, and in the manufacture of paint and coatings; in ethyl methacrylate polymers used in making dentures, contact lenses, and artificial fingernails; and as a chemical intermediate may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 20.6 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates ethyl methacrylate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl methacrylate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone; the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 19 hours and 1 day, respectively. Ethyl methacrylate does not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm (wavelength max = 242 nm) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, ethyl methacrylate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 17. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.7X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Ethyl methacrylate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Utilizing the Closed Bottle test, 69% of the theoretical carbon dioxide evolution and 79% of the theoretical BOD were reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process. If released into water, ethyl methacrylate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 hours and 5 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 9 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important process based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 68 and 6.8 years at pHs 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to ethyl methacrylate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl methacrylate is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to ethyl methacrylate via inhalation or dermal contact with furniture surface coatings or artificial fingernail products containing ethyl methacrylate. (SRC)

Ethyl methacrylate's production and use in acrylic polymers used to build automotive, aerospace, and furniture components, and in the manufacture of paint and coatings; in ethyl methacrylate polymers used in making dentures, contact lenses, and artificial fingernails(1); and as a chemical intermediate(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 17(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl methacrylate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl methacrylate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.7X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 20.6 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 5,400 mg/L(4). Ethyl methacrylate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Ethyl methacrylate has reported biodegradation rates of 69% and 79% in 28 days utilizing the Closed Bottle test(5,6) indicating that it is readily biodegradable in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 17(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl methacrylate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.7X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 20.6 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 5,400 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 hours and 5 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 9(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.94(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important process(SRC) based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 68 and 6.8 years at pHs 7 and 8, respectively(9). Ethyl methacrylate has reported biodegradation rates of 69% and 79% in 28 days utilizing the Closed Bottle test(10,11) indicating that it is readily biodegradable in water(SRC).

AEROBIC: In a Closed Bottle test, ethyl methacrylate released 69% of theoretical carbon dioxide evolution after 28 days(1). Ethyl methacrylate has been listed as being "well biodegradable" in the Japanese MITI test which utilizes 100 ppm test compound incubated at 25 °C for 2 weeks in activated sludge at 30 ppm(2). Ethyl methacrylate was found to biodegrade 79% in 28 days using the OECD 301D method, classifying it as readily biodegradable(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyl methacrylate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 19 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyl methacrylate with ozone has been estimated as 1.1X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1 day at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 3.2X10-3 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(3); this corresponds to half-lives of 68 and 6.8 years at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(3). Ethyl methacrylate does not absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm (wavelength max = 242 nm(4)) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 9 was calculated in fish for ethyl methacrylate(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.94(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of ethyl methacrylate can be estimated to be 17(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethyl acrylate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for ethyl methacrylate is estimated as 5.7X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 20.6 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 5,400 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethyl methacrylate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). Ethyl methacrylate's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of ethyl methacrylate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

GROUNDWATER: Ethyl methacrylate was not detected (detection limit 0.278 ug/L) in 78 wells (15 agricultural, 30 new urban, 20 old urban, 13 undeveloped) from Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in NJ(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use for ethyl methacrylate is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 4,644 workers (1,584 of these were female) were potentially exposed to ethyl methacrylate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to ethyl methacrylate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl methacrylate is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to ethyl methacrylate via inhalation or dermal contact with furniture surface coatings or artificial fingernail products containing ethyl methacrylate(SRC).

Nail sculpturing is the major exposure to ethyl methacrylate for both workers and the general population(1). In 1993 there were 190,000 licenced technicians, in 2003 there were 372,000(1). Ethyl acrylate was detected in 52 of 70 atmospheric samples taken in 22 salons near 32 technicians with concns of 0.09-3.22 ppm, samples were taken March to July 2005 in Norway(1). The mean time weighted average concentration exposure of 17 female fingernail sculptors to ethyl methacrylate was determined to be 4.5 ppm(2). Ethyl methacrylate vapors were detected in the personal air space of nail sculptors in Springdale, OH at a maximum concentration of 7 ppm, well below the NIOSH recommended exposure limit criteria of 100 ppm for the structurally similar methyl methacrylate(3).

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U118, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.

/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Ethyl methacrylate; Ethyl methacrylate, stabilized/

/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Ethyl methacrylate; Ethyl methacrylate, stabilized/

/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Ethyl methacrylate; Ethyl methacrylate, stabilized/

/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Ethyl methacrylate; Ethyl methacrylate, stabilized/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Ethyl methacrylate (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2277 130P

UN 2277; Ethyl methacrylate, stabilized[United Nations; Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Model Regulations. Vol. I, 16th Revised Edition (2009). Available from, as of March 22, 2010: http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/unrec/rev16/16files_e.html]

Hazard Class or Division: 3; Ethyl methacrylate, stabilized[United Nations; Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Model Regulations. Vol. I, 16th Revised Edition (2009). Available from, as of March 22, 2010: http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/unrec/rev16/16files_e.html]

49 072 32; Ethyl methacrylate (flammable liquid, not otherwise specified)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid

Symbol: F, Xi; R: 11-36/37/38-43; S: (2)-9-16-29-33; Note: D

UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Pack Group: II