Ethyl Lactate

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P317, P319, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 2851) of reports.

H226 (> 99.9%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H318 (99.3%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (99.3%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2851 reports by companies from 42 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 2851 reports by companies.

There are 41 notifications provided by 2850 of 2851 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P264+P265, P280, P305+P351+P338, and P337+P317 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264+P265, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

INHALATION: remove victim to fresh air.

EYES and SKIN: flush well with water.

INGESTION: induce vomiting; get medical attention. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adquate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vopors can accumulate in low areas.

Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.

Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushign and place in container for disposal according to local regulation...

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of the workday.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Storage clas (TRGS 510): flammable liquids.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Keep well closed.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

3.6 [mg/m3]

40 [mg/m3]

240 [mg/m3]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Unless specifically excluded, residues resulting from the use of the following substance as either an inert or an active ingredient in a pesticide chemical formulation, including antimicrobial pesticide chemicals, is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance under FFDCA section 408, if such use is in accordance with good agricultural or manufacturing practices. Lactic acid, ethyl ester is included on this list.

Goggles or face shield; rubber gloves. (USCG, 1999)

Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166 (EU).

Handle with gloves.

Complete suit protecting against chemicals. Falame retardant antistatic protective clothign. The type of protective eqipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standars such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Ethyl lactate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a mild odor. Flash point 115 °F. Denser than water and soluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.

CBI; Liquid

Colorless liquid with characteristic odor; [Sullivan, p. 450]

colourless liquid with a light ethereal, buttery odour

A clear colorless liquid with a mild odor.

Colorless liquid

Buttery odor

Fruity butterscotch

Sweet, fruity, creamy and pineapple like taste

Milk cream taste

309 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

154.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

154 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-26.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

115 °F (USCG, 1999)

115 °F (46 °C) (Closed Cup)

Miscible with water

Miscible with alcohol, ketones, esters, hydrocarbons, oil

Miscible with gasoline

Miscible with ether

1000 mg/mL at 20 °C

miscible with water; soluble in organic solvents, oils

miscible (in ethanol)

1.03 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.0328 g.cu cm at 20 °C

1.029-1.037

1.042 @25 °C

4.07 (Air = 1)

3.75 [mmHg]

Vapor pressure: 1.7 mm Hg at 20 °C

3.75 mm Hg at 25 °C

3.75 [mm Hg] @25 °C

Specific optical rotation: -10 deg at 14 °C/D

752 °F (USCG, 1999)

752 °F (400 °C)

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

-11,600 Btu/lb = -6,500 cal/g = -270X10+5 J/kg

49.4 kJ/mol at 25 °C; 46.4 kJ/mol at 154.5 °C

29.20 dynes/cm = 0.0292 N/m at 20 °C

Odor Threshold Low: 0.2 [ppm]

Flammable. Soluble in water.

Alcohols and Polyols

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

ETHYL LACTATE is an ester. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides.

Based on the available information included in this report, the CIR Expert Panel concludes that Glycolic and Lactic Acid, their common salts and their simple esters, are safe for use in cosmetic products at concentrations less than or equal to 10%, at final formulation pH greater than or equal to 3.5, when formulated to avoid increasing sun sensitivity or when directions for use include the daily use of sun protection. These ingredients are safe for use in salon products at concentrations less than or equal to 30%, at final formulation pH greater than or equal to 3.0, in products designed for brief, discontinuous use followed by thorough rinsing from the skin, when applied by trained professionals, and when application is accompanied by directions for the daily use of sun protection...Ethyl Lactate...

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Ethyl lactate is a colorless liquid with a buttery or fruity odor and a sweet, fruity taste. It is used as a solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, many cellulose ethers, resins. It is also the active ingredient in many antiacne preparations; and used in the preparation of lacquers, paints, enamels, varnishes, stencil sheets, safety glass, flavoring, and cosmetic formulations (0.2%). HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Etyl lactate was not a skin irritant or skin sensitizer in humans, when tested at 8% in petroleum. In a separate human study, ethyl lactate applied to the skin significantly reduced skin pH, the number of bacteria recoverable from skin, and the hydrolysis of sebum to free fatty-acid by bacterial lipases. ANIMAL STUDIES: Ethyl lactate is irritating to the rabbit eye and guinea pig skin (intradermal injections). It is a central nervous system depressant and lethal to animals in high concentrations, causing respiratory paralysis. One out of 8 rats died when fed a diet containing 5% ethyl lactate. No evidence of teratogenicity or maternal toxicity was observed in the testing of other lactate esters. Ethyl lactate was applied percutaneously on the back of groups of pregnant rats on days 6 to 15 of gestation. Applied doses were 0, 517, 1551, or 3619 mg/kg bw. Slight erythema and desquamation was observed in treated animals at the application site. No other clinical signs or necropsy observations were noted. No effects were observed on the development. Ethyl lactate was negative for mutagenicity in the Ames test using strains TA 98, 100, 1535, 1537, and 1538.

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

LD50 Rabbits dermal >5000 mg/kg

LD50 Rat oral 2000 mg/kg

LC50 Rat Inhalation >5400 mg/cu m 4 hr

LD50 Mouse sc 2500 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for ETHYL LACTATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Esters and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Esters and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Esters and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Irritation: Tested at 8% in petrolatum, ethyl lactate produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on human subjects. Sensitization: A maximization test was carried out on 25 volunteers. The material was tested at a concn of 8% in petrolatum and produced no sensitization reactions.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Ethyl lactate applied to human skin significantly reduced skin pH, the number of bacteria recoverable from skin, & the hydrolysis of sebum to free fatty acid by bacterial lipases.

/CASE REPORTS/ Allergic contact dermatitis has been documented in a single individual using an antiacne soap containing 10% ethyl lactate as the active ingredient. Due to the absence of reports of human poisoning or intoxication, ethyl lactate appears to be relatively safe at usual exposure levels.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ...Subacute inhalation studies have been conducted at concentration up to 600 mg/cu m or higher on four lactate esters (ethyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, and 2-ethylhexyl-l-lactate). Degenerative and regenerative changes in the nasal cavity were noted in all studies. The NOAEL in ethyl, n-butyl, and isobutyl-l-lactate vapor studies was 200 mg/cu m. For aerosol exposure, 2-ethylhexyl-l-lactate, the most toxic of the lactates, minimal damage to the nasal epithelium was noted at 75 mg/cu m with vapor being slightly less toxic than the aerosol. Lactates do not appear to cause systemic toxicity, except at very high concentrations (1800 mg/cu m or higher). These systemic effects may be secondary to severe irritation seen at high doses. Sensory irritation tests suggest that a vapor exposure limit of 75 mg/cu m ( approximately 15 ppm) should prevent irritation in humans and therefore an occupational exposure level for vapor of 75 mg/cu m is recommended. However, aerosol exposure should be kept as low as possible. The low vapor pressure of the higher molecular weight esters would tend to keep vapor exposure low and the odor of lactate esters serves as a warning of exposure. These lactate esters are readily biodegradable, suggesting little concern from an environmental point of view. /Lactate esters/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ No irritation was reported when ethyl lactate was applied under occlusive gauze pads, 2 sq cm, to the shaved abdominal skin of rabbits.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... Intradermal injection of 0.1 mL ethyl lactate into the shaved abdominal skin of guinea pigs produced severe irritation.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Effects of some lactate esters on rats exposed 28 days, 5 days/week, 6 hours/day /was tested/. Ethyl /lactate/ vapor exposure of 2500 mg/cu m (500 ppm) significantly decreased body weight gain, significantly decreased absolute liver weight, significantly decreased food consumption, significantly increased blood glucose, /resulted in/ degenerative changes of nasal olfactory epithlium, and /resulted in/ hyperplasia of goblet cells. Ethyl /lactate/ vapor exposure of 600 mg/ cu m (120 ppm) /resulted in/ degenerative changes of nasal olfactory epithelium, and hyperplasia of goblet cells.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ETHYL LACTATE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 8.0; Concentration: 560000 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 560000-763000 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, decreased mobility /97% purity/

LC50; Species: Danio rerio (Zebra Danio); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 320000 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 305000-417000 ug/L) /97% purity/

Ethyl lactate's production and use as a solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, many cellulose ethers, and resins; in lacquers, paints, enamels, varnishes, stencil sheets, safety glass and flavoring may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Ethyl lactate is found in fruits and vegetables. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.75 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates ethyl lactate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl lactate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.1 days. Ethyl lactate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, ethyl lactate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. Ethyl lactate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Using the Closed Bottle screening test, ethyl lactate exhibited 22 and 75% theoretical BOD in 5 and 28 days, respectively, suggesting that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil and water. If released into water, ethyl lactate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is expected in water based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 72 and 7 days at pH 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to ethyl lactate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl lactate is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to ethyl lactate via ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing ethyl lactate. (SRC)

Ethyl lactate is found in apples, apricots, grapes, pineapples, raspberries, plums, blackberries, cabbage, citrus fruits and peas(1,2).

Ethyl lactate's production and use as a solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, many cellulose ethers, and resins; in lacquers, paints, enamels, varnishes, stencil sheets, safety glass and flavoring(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl lactate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl lactate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 3.75 mm Hg(3), and an assigned value for water solubility of 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(4). Ethyl lactate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Ethyl lactate exhibited 22% and 75% theoretical BOD in 5 and 28 days, respectively, using a Closed Bottle screening test(5), suggesting biodegradation may be an important fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl lactate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 3.75 mm Hg(4), and an assigned value for water solubility of 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(5). Hydrolysis is expected in water based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 72 and 7 days at pH 7 and 8, respectively(2). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -0.18(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Ethyl lactate exhibited 22% and 75% theoretical BOD in 5 and 28 days, respectively, using a Closed Bottle screening test(7), suggesting biodegradation may be an important fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl lactate, which has a vapor pressure of 3.75 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl lactate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.1 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 23 °C(3). Ethyl lactate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Ethyl lactate was classified as readily biodegradable(1). Ethyl lactate was found to exhibit 22% of its theoretical BOD after 5 days and 75% of its theoretical BOD after 28 days using the Closed Bottle screening test when applied at a mean concentration of 1.88 mg/L(2). When applied at a mean concentration of 4.0 mg/L ethyl lactate was found to be 36% of its theoretical BOD after 5 days and 85% of its theoretical BOD after 28 days(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyl lactate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 3.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 23 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4.1 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 1.1 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 72 and 7.2 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Ethyl lactate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for ethyl lactate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -0.18(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of ethyl lactate can be estimated to be 1(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethyl lactate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for ethyl lactate is estimated as 5.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 3.75 mm Hg(1), and an assigned value for water solubility of 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethyl lactate is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from moist soil and water surfaces(3). The potential for volatilization of ethyl lactate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

DRINKING WATER: Ethyl lactate was detected not quantified in drinking water from Ottumwa, Iowa sampled on September 10, 1976(1).

Ethyl lactate was identified as a volatile component in soy sauce and Sukiyaki(1). Ethyl lactate was identified as a flavor component of Pine Sprout Tea(2). Ethyl lactate was identified as a volatile component of three commercial fermented soybean curds at concentrations of 9744.4, 5084.5 and 2755.7 ug/kg(3). Ethyl lactate is reported in apple, apricot, grape, pineapple, raspberry, plum, blackberry, cabbage, beer, cognac, rum, whiskey, sherry, grape wines, fruit brandies, vinegar, rye and wheat bread, butter, and soy sauce(4). Ethyl lactate is also reported in citrus fruits, peas, sauerkraut, bread preferment, cider, cocoa and Bantu beer(5). Ethyl lactate concentrations increased steadily with fermentation age in Gueuze beer(6). Ethyl lactate was produced in wines made from Early Richmond cherries fermented with six yeast varieties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(7). Ethyl lactate was detected in the fruit juice of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims G. Glavicarpa degner)(8).

Ethyl lactate has been detected, not quantified in pineapple fruit (Ananas comosus; Bromeliaceae)(1).

Ethyl lactate is listed as an ingredient found in a contact cleaner and a pet shampoo(1).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 4 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the manufacturing, processing, or use of ethyl lactate in the United States may be as low as <10 workers up to the range of 1000-9999 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 7298 workers (1962 of these are female) were potentially exposed to ethyl lactate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to ethyl lactate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl lactate is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to ethyl lactate via ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing ethyl lactate(SRC).

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water Flea); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 8.0; Concentration: 560000 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 560000-763000 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, decreased mobility /97% purity/

LC50; Species: Danio rerio (Zebra Danio); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 320000 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 305000-417000 ug/L) /97% purity/

Ethyl lactate's production and use as a solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, many cellulose ethers, and resins; in lacquers, paints, enamels, varnishes, stencil sheets, safety glass and flavoring may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Ethyl lactate is found in fruits and vegetables. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.75 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates ethyl lactate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl lactate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.1 days. Ethyl lactate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, ethyl lactate is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. Ethyl lactate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Using the Closed Bottle screening test, ethyl lactate exhibited 22 and 75% theoretical BOD in 5 and 28 days, respectively, suggesting that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil and water. If released into water, ethyl lactate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is expected in water based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 72 and 7 days at pH 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to ethyl lactate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl lactate is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to ethyl lactate via ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing ethyl lactate. (SRC)

Ethyl lactate is found in apples, apricots, grapes, pineapples, raspberries, plums, blackberries, cabbage, citrus fruits and peas(1,2).

Ethyl lactate's production and use as a solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, many cellulose ethers, and resins; in lacquers, paints, enamels, varnishes, stencil sheets, safety glass and flavoring(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl lactate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl lactate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 3.75 mm Hg(3), and an assigned value for water solubility of 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(4). Ethyl lactate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Ethyl lactate exhibited 22% and 75% theoretical BOD in 5 and 28 days, respectively, using a Closed Bottle screening test(5), suggesting biodegradation may be an important fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl lactate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 3.75 mm Hg(4), and an assigned value for water solubility of 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(5). Hydrolysis is expected in water based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 72 and 7 days at pH 7 and 8, respectively(2). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -0.18(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Ethyl lactate exhibited 22% and 75% theoretical BOD in 5 and 28 days, respectively, using a Closed Bottle screening test(7), suggesting biodegradation may be an important fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl lactate, which has a vapor pressure of 3.75 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl lactate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.1 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 23 °C(3). Ethyl lactate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: Ethyl lactate was classified as readily biodegradable(1). Ethyl lactate was found to exhibit 22% of its theoretical BOD after 5 days and 75% of its theoretical BOD after 28 days using the Closed Bottle screening test when applied at a mean concentration of 1.88 mg/L(2). When applied at a mean concentration of 4.0 mg/L ethyl lactate was found to be 36% of its theoretical BOD after 5 days and 85% of its theoretical BOD after 28 days(2).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyl lactate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 3.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 23 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4.1 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 1.1 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 72 and 7.2 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Ethyl lactate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for ethyl lactate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -0.18(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of ethyl lactate can be estimated to be 1(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethyl lactate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for ethyl lactate is estimated as 5.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 3.75 mm Hg(1), and an assigned value for water solubility of 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethyl lactate is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from moist soil and water surfaces(3). The potential for volatilization of ethyl lactate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

DRINKING WATER: Ethyl lactate was detected not quantified in drinking water from Ottumwa, Iowa sampled on September 10, 1976(1).

Ethyl lactate was identified as a volatile component in soy sauce and Sukiyaki(1). Ethyl lactate was identified as a flavor component of Pine Sprout Tea(2). Ethyl lactate was identified as a volatile component of three commercial fermented soybean curds at concentrations of 9744.4, 5084.5 and 2755.7 ug/kg(3). Ethyl lactate is reported in apple, apricot, grape, pineapple, raspberry, plum, blackberry, cabbage, beer, cognac, rum, whiskey, sherry, grape wines, fruit brandies, vinegar, rye and wheat bread, butter, and soy sauce(4). Ethyl lactate is also reported in citrus fruits, peas, sauerkraut, bread preferment, cider, cocoa and Bantu beer(5). Ethyl lactate concentrations increased steadily with fermentation age in Gueuze beer(6). Ethyl lactate was produced in wines made from Early Richmond cherries fermented with six yeast varieties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(7). Ethyl lactate was detected in the fruit juice of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims G. Glavicarpa degner)(8).

Ethyl lactate has been detected, not quantified in pineapple fruit (Ananas comosus; Bromeliaceae)(1).

Ethyl lactate is listed as an ingredient found in a contact cleaner and a pet shampoo(1).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 4 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the manufacturing, processing, or use of ethyl lactate in the United States may be as low as <10 workers up to the range of 1000-9999 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 7298 workers (1962 of these are female) were potentially exposed to ethyl lactate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to ethyl lactate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl lactate is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to ethyl lactate via ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing ethyl lactate(SRC).

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

/GUIDE 129 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 129 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 129 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 129 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ETHYL LACTATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1192; Ethyl lactate

IMO 3; Ethyl lactate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Ethyl lactate is included on the dangerous goods list.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Ethyl lactate is included on the dangerous goods list.

Flammable Liquid