Isobutyl isobutyrate

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.2% (5 of 2036) of reports.

H226 (99.7%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H412 (14.9%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 2036 reports by companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 5 of 2036 reports by companies.

There are 15 notifications provided by 2031 of 2036 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Get medical attention.

INHALATION: Remove to fresh air. If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

EYES: Flush with water for at least 15 min., lifting lids occasionally.

SKIN: Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash with soap and water. (USCG, 1999)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: Water.

Fire Extinguishing Agents: Dry chemical, alcohol foam, or carbon dioxide. (USCG, 1999)

EXTINGUIHING METHOD: "ALCOHOL" FOAM

If material /is/ on fire or involved in /a/ fire do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemial or carbon dioxide.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

If material /is/ not on fire and not involved in /a/ fire keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious)]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

3.8 [ppm]

42 [ppm]

250 [ppm]

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Full impervious protective clothing, including boots and gloves. Where splashing is possible wear full face shield or chemical safety goggles. Use approved respirator to protect against vapors. (USCG, 1999)

Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots, and goggles. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.

Isobutyl isobutyrate appears as a colorless liquid with a pleasant fruity odor. Moderately toxic by inhalation. Insoluble in water and floats on water, but soluble in alcohol and ethers. It is used as a flavoring and in the manufacture of insecticides.

Colorless liquid with a fruity odor; [Merck Index]

colourless to pale yellow liquid/pineapple odour

A colorless liquid with a pleasant fruity odor.

COLORLESS LIQUID

FRUITY ODOR

ODOR AND TASTE REMINISCENT OF PINEAPPLE

299.7 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

148.6 °C

148.60 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

144-151 °C

299.7 °F

147.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-113.3 °F (USCG, 1999)

-80.66 °C

-113.3 °F

99 °F (USCG, 1999)

101 °F (38 °C) (CLOSED CUP)

0.5 G PER 100 ML WATER

SOL IN ALC ETHER AND ACETONE

SOL IN MOST ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Water solubility of 1000 mg/l at 20 °C.

1 mg/mL at 20 °C

soluble in organic solvents; insoluble in water

(in ethanol)

0.853 to 0.857 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999)

0.8750 @ 0 °C/4 °C

DENSITY OF SATURATED AIR: 1.05 (AIR= 1)

0.850-0.857

0.853-0.857

0.85 @ 20°C

4.97 (AIR= 1)

4.33 [mmHg]

4.33 mm Hg at 25 °C.

4.33 [mm Hg] @25 °C

810 °F (432 °C)

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.3999 @ 20 °C/D

1.396-1.402

10 MM HG @ 38 °C

Boiling point

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

Highly Flammable

ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE, reacts with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing with alkali metals and hydrides.

It may react with oxidizing material.

Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome

LC50 (rat) = 5,000 ppm/6h

ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE IS CONSIDERED TO BE PRACTICALLY NONTOXIC ORALLY AND IS CLASSIFIED AS BEING ONLY SLIGHTLY TOXIC INTRAPERITONEALLY.

WHEN INJECTED INTO ABDOMINAL CAVITY, IT KILLED RATS @ 6300 MG/KG & MICE @ 1600 MG/KG.

AN INHALATION EXPOSURE OF 5000 PPM IN 6 HR WAS LETHAL TO TWO OUT OF THREE RATS. SYMPTOMS INCL PROSTRATION AND COMPLETE ... /CNS DEPRESSION/.

THE DERMAL LD50 VALUE FOR THE RABBIT WAS ABOVE 10 CU CM/KG BUT SUCH A QUANTITY INTERFERED SOMEWHAT WITH THE NORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEST ANIMAL.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-METHYLPROPYL ISOBUTYRATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2-Methylpropyl isobutyrate occurs naturally in fruits such as strawberries, cantaloupes and muskmelons. It is released directly to the atmosphere by evaporation through its use as a solvent in lacquers, thinners and other coating compositions. If released to the atmosphere, it will degrade by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (estimated half-life of 3.4 days). If released to soil or water, 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate is expected to degrade via biodegradation. Aqueous hydrolysis will be important only in very alkaline environmental media (pH > 8.5). 2-Methylpropyl isobutyrate may leach readily in soils based upon an estimated Koc of 98; however, the importance of leaching will be lessened if rapid biodegradation occurs. Evaporation from solid surfaces will be an important physical transport mechanism to air. The general population is exposed to 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate through oral consumption since it occurs naturally in some fruits. Inhalation exposure will occur from its use as a solvent. (SRC)

REPORTED FOUND IN THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF HOPS AND IN VITIS VINIFERA.

OF THE 22 CONSTITUENTS ISOLATED FROM ERIOCEPHALUS PUNCTULATUS OIL 50% WERE ESTERS. 2-METHYLBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE & ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE WERE THE MOST PREVALENT COMPOUNDS, COMPRISING 10.2% & 6.5% OF OIL, RESPECTIVELY.

FIFTEEN CMPD WERE CHARACTERIZED IN THE VOLATILE FRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF ERIOCEPHALAE PUNCTULACTUS, AMONG THEM 7 ESTER & 7 NONSAPONIFIABLE CMPD.

2-Methylpropyl isobutyrate as been identified as a volatile constituent of strawberries, cantaloupes, and muskmelons(1-3). It has also been identified in the essential of Heracleum persicum and Chamaemelum nobile plants(4-5).

2-Methylpropyl isobutyrate's use as a solvent in lacquers, thinners and other coating compositions(1-2) can result in release directly to the atmosphere through evaporation(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: By analogy to other aliphatic esters(1,2), biodegradation is expected to be an important degradation process for 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate in soil(SRC). Based upon an estimated Koc of 98, 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate is expected to leach readily in soil(3,SRC). If rapid biodegradation occurs, the importance of leaching will be lessened. 2-Methylpropyl isobutyrate's vapor pressure of 4.33 mm Hg at 25 °C(4) suggests that the compound will evaporate from solid surfaces(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: By analogy to other aliphatic esters(1-2), biodegradation is expected to be an important degradation process for 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate in water. Volatilization from water may be an important transport process. The volatilization half-lives from a model environmental river (1 meter deep) and model pond have been estimated to be 4.8 hrs and 3 days, respectively(3-4,SRC). Aquatic bioconcentration and adsorption to sediment are not expected to be important(SRC). Aqueous hydrolysis will be important only in very alkaline (pH > 8.5) environmental waters(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon a vapor pressure of 4.33 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate is expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere(2,SRC). It will degrade in the ambient atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of about 3.4 days(3,SRC).

Data specific to the biodegradation of 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate were not located; however, similar aliphatic esters have been shown to biodegrade readily(1-2); therefore, 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate is expected to biodegrade readily(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been experimentally determined to be 4.73X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3.4 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). The aqueous hydrolysis rate constant has been estimated to be 0.02383 L/mole-sec at 25 °C(2) which corresponds to aqueous hydrolysis half-lives of 9.22 yrs, 336 days and 33.6 days at pH 7, 8 and 9, respectively(2,SRC).

Based upon a water solubility of 1000 mg/L at 20 °C(1), the BCF for 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate can be estimated to be 12.2 from a recommended linear regression-derived equation(2,SRC). This estimated BCF indicates that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not important(SRC).

Based upon a water solubility of 1000 mg/L at 20 °C(1), the Koc for 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate can be estimated to be 98 from a linear regression-derived equation(2,SRC). This Koc estimation indicates high soil mobility(3).

Based upon a water solubility of 1000 mg/L(1) and a vapor pressure of 4.33 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), the Henry's Law constant for 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate can be estimated to be 8.22X10-4 atm cu m/mole; a Henry's Law constant of this magnitude indicates that volatilization from environmental waters is important, but may not be rapid(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec) can be estimated to be about 4.8 hours(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model environmental pond (2 meters deep) can be estimated to be about 3 days(4,SRC). 2-Methylpropyl isobutyrate has a relatively high vapor pressure(2) which suggests that evaporation from dry surfaces will occur(SRC).

SURFACE WATER: 2-Methylpropyl isobutyrate has been detected in the aquatic ecosystem of the Western Basin of Lake Superior(1); concs, sampling dates, and sample types (water, whole water or sediment) were not reported(SRC).

2-Methylpropyl isobutyrate has been identified as a volatile constituent of strawberries, cantaloupes and muskmelons(1-3).

2-Methylpropyl isobutyrate has been identified as a volatile constituent of strawberries, cantaloupes and muskmelons(1-3). It has also been identified in the essential oils of Heracleum persicum and Chamaemelum nobile plants(4,5).

2-Methylpropyl isobutyrate has been identified as a volatile constituent of strawberries, cantaloupes and muskmelons(1-3); therefore, the general population will be exposed through ingestion of fruits and other foods which contain 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate as a natural constituent. Inhalation exposure will occur from its use as a solvent in lacquers, thinners and other coating compositions. Occupational exposure can occur through inhalation of vapor and dermal contact(SRC).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 47,530 workers are potentially exposed to 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate in the USA(1). NIOSH (NOHS Survey 1972-1974) has statistically estimated that 39,410 workers are potentially exposed to 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate in the USA(2). Mean air levels of 0.1-0.4 ppm 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate were detected inside three US factories involved in spray painting and spray glueing operations(3); the highest sample conc, highest TWA and avg TWA were 5.2, 5.0, and 1.7 ppm, respectively(3).

2-Methylpropyl isobutyrate occurs naturally in fruits such as strawberries, cantaloupes and muskmelons. It is released directly to the atmosphere by evaporation through its use as a solvent in lacquers, thinners and other coating compositions. If released to the atmosphere, it will degrade by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (estimated half-life of 3.4 days). If released to soil or water, 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate is expected to degrade via biodegradation. Aqueous hydrolysis will be important only in very alkaline environmental media (pH > 8.5). 2-Methylpropyl isobutyrate may leach readily in soils based upon an estimated Koc of 98; however, the importance of leaching will be lessened if rapid biodegradation occurs. Evaporation from solid surfaces will be an important physical transport mechanism to air. The general population is exposed to 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate through oral consumption since it occurs naturally in some fruits. Inhalation exposure will occur from its use as a solvent. (SRC)

REPORTED FOUND IN THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF HOPS AND IN VITIS VINIFERA.

OF THE 22 CONSTITUENTS ISOLATED FROM ERIOCEPHALUS PUNCTULATUS OIL 50% WERE ESTERS. 2-METHYLBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE & ISOBUTYL ISOBUTYRATE WERE THE MOST PREVALENT COMPOUNDS, COMPRISING 10.2% & 6.5% OF OIL, RESPECTIVELY.

FIFTEEN CMPD WERE CHARACTERIZED IN THE VOLATILE FRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF ERIOCEPHALAE PUNCTULACTUS, AMONG THEM 7 ESTER & 7 NONSAPONIFIABLE CMPD.

2-Methylpropyl isobutyrate as been identified as a volatile constituent of strawberries, cantaloupes, and muskmelons(1-3). It has also been identified in the essential of Heracleum persicum and Chamaemelum nobile plants(4-5).

2-Methylpropyl isobutyrate's use as a solvent in lacquers, thinners and other coating compositions(1-2) can result in release directly to the atmosphere through evaporation(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: By analogy to other aliphatic esters(1,2), biodegradation is expected to be an important degradation process for 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate in soil(SRC). Based upon an estimated Koc of 98, 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate is expected to leach readily in soil(3,SRC). If rapid biodegradation occurs, the importance of leaching will be lessened. 2-Methylpropyl isobutyrate's vapor pressure of 4.33 mm Hg at 25 °C(4) suggests that the compound will evaporate from solid surfaces(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: By analogy to other aliphatic esters(1-2), biodegradation is expected to be an important degradation process for 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate in water. Volatilization from water may be an important transport process. The volatilization half-lives from a model environmental river (1 meter deep) and model pond have been estimated to be 4.8 hrs and 3 days, respectively(3-4,SRC). Aquatic bioconcentration and adsorption to sediment are not expected to be important(SRC). Aqueous hydrolysis will be important only in very alkaline (pH > 8.5) environmental waters(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based upon a vapor pressure of 4.33 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate is expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere(2,SRC). It will degrade in the ambient atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of about 3.4 days(3,SRC).

Data specific to the biodegradation of 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate were not located; however, similar aliphatic esters have been shown to biodegrade readily(1-2); therefore, 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate is expected to biodegrade readily(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been experimentally determined to be 4.73X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3.4 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). The aqueous hydrolysis rate constant has been estimated to be 0.02383 L/mole-sec at 25 °C(2) which corresponds to aqueous hydrolysis half-lives of 9.22 yrs, 336 days and 33.6 days at pH 7, 8 and 9, respectively(2,SRC).

Based upon a water solubility of 1000 mg/L at 20 °C(1), the BCF for 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate can be estimated to be 12.2 from a recommended linear regression-derived equation(2,SRC). This estimated BCF indicates that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is not important(SRC).

Based upon a water solubility of 1000 mg/L at 20 °C(1), the Koc for 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate can be estimated to be 98 from a linear regression-derived equation(2,SRC). This Koc estimation indicates high soil mobility(3).

Based upon a water solubility of 1000 mg/L(1) and a vapor pressure of 4.33 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), the Henry's Law constant for 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate can be estimated to be 8.22X10-4 atm cu m/mole; a Henry's Law constant of this magnitude indicates that volatilization from environmental waters is important, but may not be rapid(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec) can be estimated to be about 4.8 hours(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model environmental pond (2 meters deep) can be estimated to be about 3 days(4,SRC). 2-Methylpropyl isobutyrate has a relatively high vapor pressure(2) which suggests that evaporation from dry surfaces will occur(SRC).

SURFACE WATER: 2-Methylpropyl isobutyrate has been detected in the aquatic ecosystem of the Western Basin of Lake Superior(1); concs, sampling dates, and sample types (water, whole water or sediment) were not reported(SRC).

2-Methylpropyl isobutyrate has been identified as a volatile constituent of strawberries, cantaloupes and muskmelons(1-3).

2-Methylpropyl isobutyrate has been identified as a volatile constituent of strawberries, cantaloupes and muskmelons(1-3). It has also been identified in the essential oils of Heracleum persicum and Chamaemelum nobile plants(4,5).

2-Methylpropyl isobutyrate has been identified as a volatile constituent of strawberries, cantaloupes and muskmelons(1-3); therefore, the general population will be exposed through ingestion of fruits and other foods which contain 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate as a natural constituent. Inhalation exposure will occur from its use as a solvent in lacquers, thinners and other coating compositions. Occupational exposure can occur through inhalation of vapor and dermal contact(SRC).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 47,530 workers are potentially exposed to 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate in the USA(1). NIOSH (NOHS Survey 1972-1974) has statistically estimated that 39,410 workers are potentially exposed to 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate in the USA(2). Mean air levels of 0.1-0.4 ppm 2-methylpropyl isobutyrate were detected inside three US factories involved in spray painting and spray glueing operations(3); the highest sample conc, highest TWA and avg TWA were 5.2, 5.0, and 1.7 ppm, respectively(3).

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

/GUIDE 130: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2-METHYLPROPYL ISOBUTYRATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 2528; Isobutyl Isobutyrate

IMO 3.3; Isobutyl Isobutyrate

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid