isobutyl methacrylate

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P272, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (1 of 1406) of reports.

H226 (> 99.9%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

H315 (> 99.9%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (98.6%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H319 (79.1%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H335 (99.9%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

H400 (77.4%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 1406 reports by companies from 44 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1 of 1406 reports by companies.

There are 43 notifications provided by 1405 of 1406 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

P261, P272, P280, P302+P352, P321, P333+P317, P362+P364, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P321, P332+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P272, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· Wash skin with soap and water.

· In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious); polymerization hazard]:

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024)

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Isobutyl methacrylate, stabilized/

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Isobutyl methacrylate, stabilized/

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

· All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

· A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

Large Spill

· Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.

· Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious); polymerization hazard]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

· Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Options for the disposal of waste or spilled material: large quantities can be returned to the manufacturer for recycle. Small quantities may be incinerated under controlled conditions in incinerators suitable for methacrylates. Combustion products include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water. The product must be disposed of as special waste in accordance with regulations for special waste.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner that results in no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose of, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance procedures to confirm the efficacy of the cleaning procedures should be implemented prior to the decontaminated protective clothing being returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing (including shoes/socks) should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

... Hazard is the generation of considerable exothermic heat in some of the reactions, so that high pressures & temp may develop. This danger ... should be borne in mind when designing plant. Awareness of the dangers and of good engineering design are essential to safety. Employees should be instructed about the necessity of cleansing the skin if it is contaminated by materials which are irritants or skin-absorbed. With careful design, however, and complete enclosure of those processes where toxic chemicals or intermediates occur, dangerous exposures can be avoided. /Acrylic acid & derivatives/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. /Isobutyl methacrylate, stabilized/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the meterial. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amt of water or soap and water ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Isobutyl methacrylate, stabilized/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 130 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible / Noxious); polymerization hazard]:

ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2024)

Temp during storage must be kept low to minimize formation of peroxides and other oxidation products. ... Storage temp below 30 °C are recommended for i-Butylmethacrylate. The methacrylate monomer should not be stored for longer than one year. Isobutyl methacrylate is sensitive to UV light and should, therefore, be stored in the dark. The methacrylic ester may be stored in mild steel, stainless steel, or aluminum.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

CAUTION: The majority of these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

Large Fire

· Water spray, fog or regular foam. If regular foam is ineffective or unavailable, use alcohol-resistant foam.

· Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

· For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)

Suitable protective clothing and self-contained respiratory protective apparatus should be available for use of those who may have to rescue persons overcome by fumes. /Acrylic acid and derivatives/

Isobutyl methacrylate is a colorless liquid with a flash point of 120 °F. When heated to high temperatures it may release acrid smoke and fumes. If it is subjected to heat for prolonged periods or becomes contaminated, it is subject to polymerization. If the polymerization takes place inside a container, the container may violently rupture. The vapors are heavier than air. It may be irritating to skin and eyes and produce a narcotic effect. It is used in making acrylic resins.

CBI; Liquid

Liquid; Has 25 ppm hydroquinone monomethyl ether as inhibitor; [Hawley] Colorless liquid; Insoluble in water; Sensitive to heat, air, and light; [CAMEO] Colorless liquid; Partially soluble in water (2 g/L at 20 deg C); [MSDSonline]

311 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

Freezing pt: -61 °C

120 °F (NTP, 1992)

35 °C (closed cup)

49 °C (Tag open cup)

Insoluble (<1mg/ml) (NTP, 1992)

Miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether

Insoluble in water

In water, 1300 mg/L at 25 °C

0.8858 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.8858 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Bulk density: 0.882 g/mL at 25 °C/25 °C

3.63 [mmHg]

3.63 mm Hg at 25 °C

log Kow = 2.66

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Exposure to heat, light, peroxide activators, catalysts or storage without air contact may result in exothermic polymerization. If the permissible storage period or storage temperature is noticeably exceeded, exothermic polymerization may occur.

0.016 - 0.069 ppm

Index of refraction: 1.4199 at 20 °C/D

Index of refraction: 1.4170 at 25 °C

Dielectric constant

Optical coefficient

Refractive index

Flammable agents - 2nd degree

Reactive agents - 2nd degree

Cosmetic ingredients (Isobutyl Methacrylate) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

EU Flavoring substances

FCS -> FDA Cumulative Estimated Daily Intake (CEDI)

FCS -> FDA Inventory of Food Contact Substances Listed in 21 CFR

Plastics & Rubber -> (Meth)acrylates

Flammable. This compound is sensitive to heat, air and light.

Acrylates and Acrylic Acids

Polymerizable Compounds

Highly Flammable

Polymerizable

ISOBUTYL METHACRYLATE is an acrlate ester. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides. This compound polymerizes readily. (NTP, 1992)

Based on the available data, the CIR Expert Panel concluded that...Isobutyl Methacrylate is safe as used in nail enhancement products when skin contact is avoided. Products containing these ingredients should be accompanied with directions to avoid skin contact, because of the sensitizing potential of Methacrylates.

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.

LCLo (rat) = 200,000 mg/m3/4h

LD50 Rat oral 9590 mg/kg

LD50 Rat ip 981 - 1568 mg/kg bw

LD50 Mouse oral 11,990 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse ip 1340 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for Isobutyl Methacrylate (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Esters and related compounds/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Provide a low-stimulus environment. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Treat frostbite by rapid rewarming ... . /Esters and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Esters and related compounds/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Biologically, methacrylates resemble acrylates, except for lower reactivity and thus decreased toxicity. This is probably due to steric hindrance by its methyl group and in turn decreased rates of membrane transport and systemic translocation. /Methacrylic esters/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Recent inhalation studies, in rats (strain and sex unknown), using specialist histopathology techniques to study the nasal tissues have shown that EMA produces lesions in the olfactory region of the nasal cavity following exposure at 200 ppm for 6 hrs, but that alkyl-methacrylate esters larger than EMA do not elicit a toxic response at this dose level, mainly because their physicochemical characteristics prevent significant local uptake of the vapors ... /Short chain alkyl-methacrylate esters/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Isobutyl methacrylate causes moderate skin and eye irritation in rabbits (strain unknown). Inhalation of 3600 ppm for 6 hr caused no mortality in rats. /From table/

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Methacrylic acid administered iv increased respiratory rate, decreased heart rate, and produced electrocardiogram changes in anesthetized dogs (breed unknown). Methacrylic acid, methyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, and hydroxyethyl methacrylates produced a biphasic response, an abrupt fall in blood pressure followed by a secondary rise. 2-Ethylhexyl, isodecyl, lauryl, and tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylates produced only a hypotensive effect. Dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate produced only a hypertensive effect.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ ... Six types of methacrylate esters /were administered/ to pregnant rats (strain unknown) on days 5, 10, and 15 of gestation in doses up to one-third the acute intraperitoneal LD50. The maximum doses used were 0.44, 0.40, 0.78, 0.46, and 0.82 mL/kg for the methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, isodecyl methacrylate respectively. Hemangiomas were increased at the highest doses as were resorptions. The fetal wt was reduced by treatment. Acrylic acid was injected in volumes of up to 0.0075 mL/kg and this was associated with resorptions and hemangiomas. Fetal mortality and an incidence of up to 16% malformations were reported ...

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Isobutyl Methacrylate (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50; Species: Leuciscus idus (ide, freshwater fish); Concentration: 92 mg/L/48 hr; Conditions: static, temp 20 +/- 1 °C, pH 7.0 +/- 0.2, dissolved oxygen >= 4 mg/L, hardness 14 deg dH, purity 88.89 %

LC50; Species: Oncorynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout); Conditions: flow-through, OECD 203; Concentration: 20 mg/L/96 hr

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (water flea); Conditions: flow-through, OECD 202; Concentration: > 29 mg/L/48 hr; Endpoint: immobilization

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (algae); Conditions: static, closed vessel, OECD 201; Concentration: 44 mg/L/72 hr; Endpoint: growth rate

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (algae); Conditions: static, closed vessel, OECD 201; Concentration: 16 mg/L/72 hr; Endpoint: growth rate

Isobutyl methacrylate's production and use as a monomer for acrylic resins and in hydrogel contact lenses may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.63 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates isobutyl methacrylate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase isobutyl methacrylate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone; the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 17 hours and 1 day, respectively. Isobutyl methacrylate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, isobutyl methacrylate is expected to have low to slight mobility based upon Koc values of 1480-3920. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Isobutyl methacrylate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, isobutyl methacrylate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc values. Data are conflicting using standardized biodegradation tests. Utilizing the modified Japanese MITI test, isobutyl methacrylate reached 33% of its theoretical BOD after 28 days while in the OECD 301D Method (Closed Bottle Test) isobutyl methacrylate was found to biodegrade 74% in 28 days. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5.5 hours and 5.3 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 15-37 days if adsorption is considered. An estimated BCF of 27 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important process based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 130 and 13 years at pHs 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to isobutyl methacrylate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where isobutyl methacrylate is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to isobutyl methacrylate via inhalation or dermal contact with acrylic resins, or exposure to other consumer products containing isobutyl methacrylate. (SRC)

Isobutyl methacrylate's production and use as a monomer for acrylic resins(1) and in hydrogel contact lenses(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 1480-3920(2) indicate that isobutyl methacrylate is expected to have low to slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of isobutyl methacrylate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 3.63 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 1300 mg/L(4). Isobutyl methacrylate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Data are conflicting using standardized biodegradation tests. Utilizing the modified Japanese MITI test, isobutyl methacrylate reached 33% of its theoretical BOD after 28 days(11), while in the OECD 301D Method (Closed Bottle Test) isobutyl methacrylate was found to biodegrade 74% in 28 days(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 1480-3920(2) indicate that isobutyl methacrylate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 3.63 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1300 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5.5 hours and 5.3 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 15-37 days if adsorption is considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 27(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.66(8) and a regression-derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important process(SRC) based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 130 and 13 years at pHs 7 and 8, respectively(10). Data are conflicting using standardized biodegradation tests. Utilizing the modified Japanese MITI test, isobutyl methacrylate reached 33% of its theoretical BOD after 28 days(11). In the OECD 301D Method (Closed Bottle Test) isobutyl methacrylate was found to biodegrade 74% in 28 days using a sewage inoculum(2).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), isobutyl methacrylate, which has a vapor pressure of 3.63 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase isobutyl methacrylate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 17 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Vapor-phase isobutyl methacrylate is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1 day(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.1X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Isobutyl methacrylate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: In the modified Japanese MITI test, isobutyl methacrylate reached 33% of its Theoretical BOD after 28 days(1).

AEROBIC: Isobutyl methacrylate was found to biodegrade 74% in 28 days using a sewage inoculum in the OECD 301D Method (Closed Bottle Test), classifying it as readily biodegradable(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of isobutyl methacrylate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 17 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of isobutyl methacrylate with ozone has been estimated as 1.1X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1 day at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 1.8X10-3 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(3); this corresponds to half-lives of 130 and 13 years at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(3). Isobutyl methacrylate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 26 was calculated in fish for isobutyl methacrylate(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.66(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of isobutyl methacrylate has been reported as 1480-3920(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these Koc values suggest that isobutyl methacrylate is expected to have low to slight mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for isobutyl methacrylate is estimated as 5.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 3.63 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1300 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that isobutyl methacrylate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5.5 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5.3 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 15-37 days if adsorption is considered(4). Isobutyl methacrylate's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of isobutyl methacrylate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use for isobutyl methacrylate is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 9967 workers (1776 of these were female) were potentially exposed to isobutyl methacrylate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to isobutyl methacrylate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where isobutyl methacrylate is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to isobutyl methacrylate via inhalation or dermal contact with acrylic resins, or exposure to other consumer products containing isobutyl methacrylate(SRC).

LC50; Species: Leuciscus idus (ide, freshwater fish); Concentration: 92 mg/L/48 hr; Conditions: static, temp 20 +/- 1 °C, pH 7.0 +/- 0.2, dissolved oxygen >= 4 mg/L, hardness 14 deg dH, purity 88.89 %

LC50; Species: Oncorynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout); Conditions: flow-through, OECD 203; Concentration: 20 mg/L/96 hr

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (water flea); Conditions: flow-through, OECD 202; Concentration: > 29 mg/L/48 hr; Endpoint: immobilization

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (algae); Conditions: static, closed vessel, OECD 201; Concentration: 44 mg/L/72 hr; Endpoint: growth rate

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (algae); Conditions: static, closed vessel, OECD 201; Concentration: 16 mg/L/72 hr; Endpoint: growth rate

Isobutyl methacrylate's production and use as a monomer for acrylic resins and in hydrogel contact lenses may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 3.63 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates isobutyl methacrylate will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase isobutyl methacrylate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone; the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 17 hours and 1 day, respectively. Isobutyl methacrylate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, isobutyl methacrylate is expected to have low to slight mobility based upon Koc values of 1480-3920. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. Isobutyl methacrylate may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, isobutyl methacrylate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc values. Data are conflicting using standardized biodegradation tests. Utilizing the modified Japanese MITI test, isobutyl methacrylate reached 33% of its theoretical BOD after 28 days while in the OECD 301D Method (Closed Bottle Test) isobutyl methacrylate was found to biodegrade 74% in 28 days. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5.5 hours and 5.3 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 15-37 days if adsorption is considered. An estimated BCF of 27 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important process based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 130 and 13 years at pHs 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to isobutyl methacrylate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where isobutyl methacrylate is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to isobutyl methacrylate via inhalation or dermal contact with acrylic resins, or exposure to other consumer products containing isobutyl methacrylate. (SRC)

Isobutyl methacrylate's production and use as a monomer for acrylic resins(1) and in hydrogel contact lenses(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 1480-3920(2) indicate that isobutyl methacrylate is expected to have low to slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of isobutyl methacrylate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 3.63 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 1300 mg/L(4). Isobutyl methacrylate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Data are conflicting using standardized biodegradation tests. Utilizing the modified Japanese MITI test, isobutyl methacrylate reached 33% of its theoretical BOD after 28 days(11), while in the OECD 301D Method (Closed Bottle Test) isobutyl methacrylate was found to biodegrade 74% in 28 days(2).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 1480-3920(2) indicate that isobutyl methacrylate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 3.63 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 1300 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5.5 hours and 5.3 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 15-37 days if adsorption is considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 27(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.66(8) and a regression-derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important process(SRC) based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 130 and 13 years at pHs 7 and 8, respectively(10). Data are conflicting using standardized biodegradation tests. Utilizing the modified Japanese MITI test, isobutyl methacrylate reached 33% of its theoretical BOD after 28 days(11). In the OECD 301D Method (Closed Bottle Test) isobutyl methacrylate was found to biodegrade 74% in 28 days using a sewage inoculum(2).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), isobutyl methacrylate, which has a vapor pressure of 3.63 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase isobutyl methacrylate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 17 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Vapor-phase isobutyl methacrylate is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1 day(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.1X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Isobutyl methacrylate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: In the modified Japanese MITI test, isobutyl methacrylate reached 33% of its Theoretical BOD after 28 days(1).

AEROBIC: Isobutyl methacrylate was found to biodegrade 74% in 28 days using a sewage inoculum in the OECD 301D Method (Closed Bottle Test), classifying it as readily biodegradable(1).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of isobutyl methacrylate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 17 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of isobutyl methacrylate with ozone has been estimated as 1.1X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1 day at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 1.8X10-3 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(3); this corresponds to half-lives of 130 and 13 years at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(3). Isobutyl methacrylate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 26 was calculated in fish for isobutyl methacrylate(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.66(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of isobutyl methacrylate has been reported as 1480-3920(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these Koc values suggest that isobutyl methacrylate is expected to have low to slight mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for isobutyl methacrylate is estimated as 5.2X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 3.63 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1300 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that isobutyl methacrylate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5.5 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 5.3 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 15-37 days if adsorption is considered(4). Isobutyl methacrylate's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of isobutyl methacrylate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use for isobutyl methacrylate is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 9967 workers (1776 of these were female) were potentially exposed to isobutyl methacrylate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to isobutyl methacrylate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where isobutyl methacrylate is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to isobutyl methacrylate via inhalation or dermal contact with acrylic resins, or exposure to other consumer products containing isobutyl methacrylate(SRC).

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Options for the disposal of waste or spilled material: large quantities can be returned to the manufacturer for recycle. Small quantities may be incinerated under controlled conditions in incinerators suitable for methacrylates. Combustion products include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water. The product must be disposed of as special waste in accordance with regulations for special waste.

/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Isobutyl methacrylate; Isobutyl methacrylate, stabilized/

/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Isobutyl methacrylate; Isobutyl methacrylate, stabilized/

/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Isobutyl methacrylate; Isobutyl methacrylate, stabilized/

/GUIDE 130P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Isobutyl methacrylate; Isobutyl methacrylate, stabilized/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Isobutyl Methacrylate (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2283 130P

UN 2283; Isobutyl methacrylate, stabilized[United Nations; Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Model Regulations. Vol. I, 16th Revised Edition (2009). Available from, as of March 22, 2010: http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/unrec/rev16/16files_e.html]

Hazard Class or Division: 3; Isobutyl methacrylate, stabilized[United Nations; Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Model Regulations. Vol. I, 16th Revised Edition (2009). Available from, as of March 22, 2010: http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/unrec/rev16/16files_e.html]

49 131 37; Isobutylmethacrylate (combustible liquid, nos)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Flammable Liquid