Benzoyl chloride

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H312: Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P363, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H302 (97.1%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (20.1%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H312 (77.1%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]

H314 (100%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]

H317 (97.1%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]

H318 (29.8%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330 (20.1%): Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H331 (29.4%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H332 (47.6%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 523 reports by companies from 15 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H318: Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]

H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P210, P260, P261, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P318, P319, P320, P321, P330, P333+P317, P361+P364, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

P210, P260, P262, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P308+P316, P316, P317, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H402: Harmful to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

P210, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P363, P370+P378, P403, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention . Wear protective gloves when administering first aid.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Rest. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

General First Aid:

· Call 911 or emergency medical service.

· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.

· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.

· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

· If victim is not breathing:

-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.

-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).

-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.

· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.

· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.

· Keep victim calm and warm.

· Keep victim under observation.

· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.

· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.

Specific First Aid:

· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

· Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.

In Canada, an Emergency Response Assistance Plan (ERAP) may be required for this product. Please consult the shipping paper and/or the "ERAP" section.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

When material is not involved in fire, do not use water on material itself.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with large quantities of water, while knocking down vapors with water fog. If insufficient water supply, responders should withdraw.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not get water inside containers. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Use alcohol-resistant foam, powder, carbon dioxide. NO water. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Water hydrolyzes material liberating acidic gas which in contact with metal surfaces can generate flammable and/or explosive hydrogen gas. Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for Benzoyl chloride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· Keep unauthorized personnel away.

· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.

· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.

· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

· Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container.

· Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

Small Spill

· Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

· Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.

· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Immediate precautionary measure

· Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

· For highlighted materials: see Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

· For non-highlighted materials: increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

· If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3).

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.

For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Benzoyl chloride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: This combustible material may be burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Benzoyl chloride (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]:

Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.

SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2024)

See Chemical Dangers. Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. Dry. Well closed.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Store under inert gas. Moisture sensitive. Storage class (TRGS 510): Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from alkalies, oxidizing materials, alcohol, and water.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.

· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

0.30 [ppm]

5.0 [ppm]

20 [ppm]

10 mg/m³

0.5 [ppm]

Ceiling limit: 0.5 ppm

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

(ceiling value): 0.5 ppm as STEL.

0.5 ppm [1992]

skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 1

· When material is not involved in fire, do not use water on material itself.

Small Fire

· Dry chemical or CO2.

· If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

Large Fire

· Flood fire area with large quantities of water, while knocking down vapors with water fog. If insufficient water supply, responders should withdraw.

Fire Involving Tanks, Rail Tank Cars or Highway Tanks

· Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

· Do not get water inside containers.

· Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

· ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames.

ERPG-1: 0.3 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 1 = mild transient health effects or objectionable odor [AIHA]

ERPG-2: 5 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 2 = impaired ability to take protective action [AIHA]

ERPG-3: 20 ppm - one hour exposure limit: 3 = life threatening health effects [AIHA]

Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (WEEL): 8-hr Time-weighted Average (TWA) 5 ppm (ceiling, skin, DSEN). Last Revised: 2008.

Emergency Response Planning Guidlines (ERPGs) for benzoyl chloride:[Table#1157]

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly.

Lachrymation. The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of the vapour or aerosol may cause lung oedema.

Full protective clothing, including full-face respirator for acid gases and organic vapors (yellow GMC canister), close-fitting goggles, nonslip rubber gloves, plastic apron, face shield. (USCG, 1999)

Eye/face protection: Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for Benzoyl chloride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NO open flames. NO contact with incompatible substances. See Chemical Dangers. NO contact with hot surfaces. Above 72 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS! STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Avoid inhalation of dust and mist. Use closed system or ventilation.

Benzoyl chloride appears as a colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Flash point 162 °F. Lachrymator, irritating to skin and eyes. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Density 10.2 lb / gal. Used in medicine and in the manufacture of other chemicals.

CBI; Liquid

Colorless, fuming liquid with a pungent odor; [HSDB] Colorless to slightly brown liquid; [CHRIS]

FUMING COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

A colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor.

Transparent, colorless liquid

Colorless, fuming liquid

Colorless to slightly yellow liquid

Penetrating odor

Fuming pungent

Pungent, aromatic

387 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)

BP: 197.2 °C at 760 mm Hg

197.2 °C

197 °C @760 [mm Hg]

30.2 °F (NTP, 1992)

162 °F (NTP, 1992)

72 °C (162 °F) - closed cup

162 °F (72 °C)(open cup)

68 °C (closed cup)

72 °C c.c.

Decomposes (NTP, 1992)

Decomposed by water, alcohol

Miscible with ethyl ether; soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide

Miscible with ether, benzene, carbon disulfide, oils

Soluble in ether and carbon disulfide

Solubility in water: reaction

1.211 at 77 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

1.2070 at 25 °C/4 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 1.21

1.22 @ 15°C

4.88 (NTP, 1992) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

4.88 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.88

0.4 mmHg at 68 °F ; 1 mmHg at 89.8 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.7 [mmHg]

VP: 1 mm Hg at 32.1 °C

0.700 mm Hg at 25 °C, extrapolated

Vapor pressure, Pa at 20 °C: 50

0.4 mmHg

Fumes in air. Decomposes exothermically and rapidly in water to form insoluble benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid (HCl) [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. This is not supported by Argonne experiments which have not observed any gas generation upon mixing with water.

Experimental work at Argonne National Laboratory has determined that there is no HCl formation; the substance was quite unreactive in water. This does not prevent HCl formation by a catalytic mechanism, but under normal conditions benzoyl chloride is quite unreactive. (Argonne Report ANL/DIS-00-1, October 2000).

Acyl Halides, Sulfonyl Halides, and Chloroformates

Water-Reactive

Air-Reactive

BENZOYL CHLORIDE reacts violently with protic solvents such as alcohols, with amines and amides (for example dimethylformamide [Bretherick 1979 p. 6] ) and with inorganic bases. Causes the violent decomposition of dimethyl sulfoxide [Chem. Eng. News 35(9): 87 1957]. May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291]. Friedel-Crafts acylation of naphthalene using benzoyl chloride, catalyzed by AlCl3, must be conducted above the melting point of the mixture, or the reaction may be violent [Clar, E. et al., Tetrahedron, 1974, 30, 3296].

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, alcohols.

Will react with water or steam to produce heat and toxic and corrosive fumes.

Violent or explosive reaction with dimethyl sulfoxide, and aluminum chloride + naphthalene.

Incompatible with dimethyl sulfoxide, (sodium azide + potassium hydroxide), water, steam, and oxidizers.

For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for Benzoyl chloride (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Benzoyl chloride is a transparent, colorless liquid, or slightly brown liquid with a penetrating odor. It is used for for acylation (introduction of benzoyl group into alcohols, phenols, and amines). It is also used in the manufacture of benzoyl peroxide and of dye intermediates, and in organic analysis for making benzoyl derivates for identification purposes. HUMAN STUDIES: Benzoyl chloride has a corrosive effects on the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes by inhalation. It can cause cough, labored breathing, nausea, and sore throat after inhalation. Redness and irritant pain on contact with the eye and skin. Burning sensation, nausea and vomiting upon ingestion. Three cases of lung cancer have been reported among workers engaged in production of benzoyl chloride. ANIMAL STUDIES: Benzoyl chloride was found to be corrosive to rabbit eyes. In male rats exposed to benzoyl chloride by inhalation signs of intoxication included inactivity, piloerection, unkempt fur, and difficulties in breathing up to 19 days post exposure in all rats. Rats that died during the test showed dark red colored lungs always with emphysema, some rats showed lung edema. Rats that survived showed no pathologic findings up to 0.708 mg/L. At higher concentrations lungs showed emphysema and were mottled, some showed enlarged adrenals. Benzoyl chloride was found to induce tumors in mice following inhalation exposure. Benzoyl chloride was positive in the bacterial gene mutation assay, preincubation method in Escherichia coli WP2uvrA/pKM101 with and without activation at concentrations up to 1000 ug/plate. Benzoyl chloride was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains His g46, His c3076, His d3052, TA1535, TA1536, TA1537, TA98 or TA100, nor in Escherichia coli strains Wp2 and Wp2 uvra- with or without metabolic activation. Benzoyl chloride was weakly mutagenic to Salmonella strain TA98 in the absence of metabolic activation. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: In a 96 hr lethality study with the Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) no toxicity was found at 7.5 mg/L and all the fish died at 10 mg/L. Benzoyl chloride reacted with water to give benzoic acid and hydrogen chloride, causing a decrease in pH to 5.2 in freshwater and 7.2 in salt water. However, the biological oxygen demand of the benzoic acid was a far more serious effect. In the saltwater test of grass shrimp this was believed to be the major cause of mortality since dissolved oxygen levels plunged below 1 mg/L in direct correspondence to initial benzoyl chloride concentration.

Evaluation: There is limited evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of ... benzoyl chloride. ... There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of benzoyl chloride. Overall evaluation: Combined exposures to alpha-chlorinated toluenes and benzoyl chloride are probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). /alpha-Chlorinated toluenes & benzoyl chloride/

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Burning sensation. Cough. Shortness of breath. Sore throat. Laboured breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.

Redness. Skin burns. Burning sensation. Pain. Blisters.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Shock or collapse. Further see Inhalation.

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

Lacrimator (Lachrymator) - A substance that irritates the eyes and induces the flow of tears.

Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.

IARC Carcinogen - Class 2: International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies chemicals as probable (2a), or possible (2b) human carcinogens.

ACGIH Carcinogen - Not Classifiable.

LC50 (rat) = 1,870 mg/m3/2hr

LD50 Rat oral 2460 mg/kg

LD50 Rabbit dermal 790 mg/kg

LC50 Rat inhalation 1870 mg/cu m 2 hr

LC50 Rat (male Wistar) inhalation about 1.45 mg/L/4 hr; (female Wistar) >1.98 mg/L/4 hr

Immediate first aid: Ensure adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Irritating materials/

Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Encourage patient to take deep breaths. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Irritating materials/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory distress. Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Irritating materials/

Immediate first aid: Ensure adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for Benzoyl chloride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Corrosive effects on the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes by inhalation.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/... Workers /engaged in production of benzoyl chloride/ suffered from chronic pharyngitis, chronic sinusitis, hyposmia or anosmia, and skin troubles classed as parachroma and warts. Because ... /benzyl chloride/ goes through several intermediates before ... final product, exactly what substance(s) contributes ... has yet to be determined.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Cough, labored breathing, nausea, and sore throat after inhalation. Redness and irritant pain on contact with the eye and skin. Burning sensation, nausea and vomiting upon ingestion. /from table/

/CASE REPORTS/ 3 cases of cancer of lung have been reported among ... workers engaged in production of benzoyl chloride. ... Case of malignant, maxillary lymphoma occurred at another plant ... because ... it goes through several intermediates before its final product, exactly what substance(s) contributes ... has yet to be determined.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Benzoyl chloride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The liquid is caustic to mucous membranes, skin, and is potentially seriously injurious to the eye.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ 0.1 mL/animal was placed into the conjunctival sac of right eye of each of 5 rabbits; left eye served as untreated control. Eyes were rinsed after 5 min. Post exposure observation times: 1, 24, 48, 72 hours, 7, 14, and 21 days. Evaluation was done with sodium fluorescein. Benzoyl chloride was found to be corrosive to rabbit eyes.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Male Wistar rats were exposed to benzoyl chloride by inhalation. 10 males/group exposed to 0.190, 0.504, 0.708, 1.453, 1.980 mg benzoyl chloride/L air, nose-only, for 4 hours at room temperature. Post exposure observation time: 21 days. Necropsy was performed on rats that died during exposure, during observation period and on rats that survived. Mortality: no rats died up to 0.708 mg/L; 1.453 mg/L: 5/10 rats died within 1 to 19 days, 1.980 mg/L: 6/10 rats died within 4 hr to 2 days. Signs of intoxication were: inactivity, piloerection, unkempt fur, and difficulties in breathing up to 19 days post exposure in all rats. Rats that died during the test showed dark red colored lungs always with emphysema, some rats showed lung edema. Rats that survived showed no pathologic findings up to 0.708 mg/L. At higher concentrations lungs /showed/ emphysema and /were/ mottled, some showed enlarged adrenals.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ The hair was clipped from the backs of 2 male and 2 female New Zealand white rabbits; the skin of 1 male and 1 female was abraded. The test compound was applied only once to the back of each animal at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. The area was wrapped with gauze and plastic wrap. 24 hours later, the bandages were removed and the backs washed with tepid water. The rabbits were observed for toxicity and mortality for a period of 14 days. None of the rabbits died during treatment and during the observation period. 3/4 rabbits exhibited normal body weight gains. All rabbits exhibited fissuring on the site of application.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Benzoyl chloride (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of November 16, 2017: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

Benzoyl chloride was examined for mutagenic activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D4, and in Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, and TA100 both with and without the addition of Aroclor induced rat liver S9 metabolic activation. The test article was not mutagenic when administered at concentrations ranging from 0.0001 to 1 ul/plate in the presence or absence of activation. Toxicity was observed in all strains at doses of 1.0 ul/plate.

The absorption and excretion of (14)C-benzoyl chloride (BC) was studied in groups of male and female Holtzman albino rats (1-3/group) exposed by gavage to single doses of BC. Five groups of females were exposed to average concentrations ranging from 11.8-12.6 mg/kg and sacrificed 8 (1 group), 24 (3 groups) or 48 hr (1 group) after dosing, respectively. One group of males were exposed to an average concentration of 8.8 mg/kg and sacrificed 48 hr after dosing. BC was rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and efficiently eliminated in the urine (90%) and feces (2%) in 48 hr. Radioactivity in the blood (as BC equivalents) peaked at 4 ppm by 4 hr after dosing and then rapidly decreased to 0.02 ppm by 24 hr. The elimination half-life of (14)C in the blood was 1.5 hr. Total radiocarbon residue in tissues was approximately 1.5% of the dose after 72 hr with fat, liver, and kidneys containing the highest residue levels. The pharmacokinetics of BC appeared to follow a one-compartment open model system. BC was rapidly distributed in the body and the rate of elimination in the urine is proportional to the concentration of BC in the blood. At 8 hr, about 0.8% of the administered (14)C was present in the tissues. The radiocarbon elimination half-lives in the tissues ranged from 2.9-16.0 hr (brain, 16.0 hr, ovary, 10.1 hr).

Persons involved in the manufacture of benzoyl chloride have an increased risk of developing cancer primarily because of their exposure to benzotrichloride (a major intermediate in the manufacture of benzoyl chloride) which was shown to be an animal carcinogen.

LC50; Species: Palaemonetes pugio (grass shrimp); Conditions: static, synthetic salt water of the following quality was used: 25 +/- 1 g/L salinity, 30,000-40,000 microsiemens/cm conductivity, pH 8.3-8.7, temperature= 22 +/- 1 °C; Concentration: 180 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 139.0-233.0 mg/L)

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) length 3.2-4.2 cm; Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.2-7.9, hardness 40-48 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 30-35 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 42600 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 35400-57400 ug/L)

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) length 3.2-4.2 cm; Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.2-7.9, hardness 40-48 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 30-35 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 34700 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 28500-45300 ug/L)

LC50; Species: Palaemonetes pugio (grass shrimp); Conditions: static, synthetic salt water of the following quality was used: 25 +/- 1 g/L salinity, 30,000-40,000 microsiemens/cm conductivity, pH 8.3-8.7, temperature= 22 +/- 1 °C; Concentration: 180 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 139.0-233.0 mg/L)

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) length 3.2-4.2 cm; Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.2-7.9, hardness 40-48 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 30-35 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 42600 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 35400-57400 ug/L)

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) length 3.2-4.2 cm; Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.2-7.9, hardness 40-48 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 30-35 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 34700 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 28500-45300 ug/L)

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) length 3.2-4.2 cm; Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.2-7.9, hardness 40-48 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 30-35 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 34700 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 28500-45300 ug/L)

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The minnows /(Pimephales promelas)/ were raised from controlled breeding stocks at the EPA Newton Fish Toxicology Station, Cincinnati, OH and were observed for a minimum of 14 days prior to testing. The fish were acclimated for 2 days in 100% test dlution water at 22 °C. Bioassay containers were filled with 12 liters of dilution water. Test substance was added in the form of a stock solution in deionized water. Five fish were placed in each of two duplicate aquaria (10 fish/concentration). At 24 hr intervals, fish were observed for survival, and water tested for dissolved oxygen and temperature. At the end of the 96 hr exposure period, pH and test substance concentration was measured by electron capture gas chromatography (benzene: 15% ether extraction). With concentration versus mortality results, 96 hr LC50 and 95% confidence limits were calculated by Probit, Moving average, or Binomial test (depending on the number of partial kills observed). Benzoyl chloride reacted with water to give benzoic acid and HCl, causing a decrease in pH to 5.2 in freshwater and 7.2 in salt water. However, the biological oxygen demand of the benzoic acid was a far more serious effect. ... /The LC50 was calculated at 34.1 mg/L;/ 95% confidence interval = 28.5-45.3 mg/L. Reconstituted soft water of the following quality was used: 40-48 mg/L hardness as CaC03; 30-35 mg/L alkalinity as CaC03; 120-160 uS/cm conductivity; pH 7.2 - 7.9; temperature = 22 +/- 1 °C.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In a 96 hr lethality study with the Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) no toxicity was found at 7.5 mg/L (LC0) and all the fish died at 10 mg/L. The geometric mean of the two values is 8.7 mg/L. Test conditions: ventillated test medium , static system, 10 animals/vessel. The test substance was weighed directly into the dillution water.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The grass shrimp /(Palaeomonetes pugio)/ were collected from wild poulations in an estuary near Galveston Bay, Texas and were observed for a minimum of 10 days prior to testing. Bioassay containers were filled with 12 liters of dilution water. Test substance was added in the form of a stock solution in deionized water. Five grass shrimp were placed in each of two duplicate aquaria (10 fish/concentration). At 24 hr intervals, grass shrimp were observed for survival, and water tested for dissolved oxygen and temperature. At the end of the 96 hr exposure period, pH and test substance concentration was measured by electron capture gas chromatography (benzene:15% ether extraction). With concentration versus mortality results, 96 hr LC50 and 95% confidence limits were calculated by Probit, Moving average, or Binomial test (depending on the number of partial kills observed). Benzoyl chloride reacted with water to give benzoic acid and HCl, causing a decrease in pH to 5.2 in freshwater and 7.2 in salt water. However, the biological oxygen demand of the benzoic acid was a far more serious effect. In the saltwater test of grass shrimp this was believed to be the major cause of mortality since dissolved oxygen levels plunged below 1 mg/L in direct correspondence to initial benzoyl chloride concentration.

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

Benzoyl chloride's production and use as a reagent in the production of dyes, resins, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, benzoyl peroxide, polymerization catalysts, benzophenone, stabilizers, and as a reagent in organic analyses may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.7 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates benzoyl chloride will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase benzoyl chloride will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 9 days. Benzoyl chloride adsorbs light above 290 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. Hydrolysis is expected to be the most important environmental fate process for benzoyl chloride based on a hydrolysis rate constant of 4.2X10-2 sec-1 at 25 °C which corresponds to a half-life of 16 seconds. Absorption to soil and sediments, volatilization, biodegradation, leaching, and bioconcentration are not expected to occur in moist soil or water. However, benzoyl chloride has a vapor pressure of 0.7 mm Hg and exists as a liquid under environmental conditions: therefore, benzoyl chloride may volatilize from dry soil. In the absence of water, benzoyl chloride could form a variety of esters upon reaction with common soil constituents. Occupational exposure to benzoyl chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where benzoyl chloride is produced or used. The general population is not likely to be exposed to benzoyl chloride. (SRC)

Benzoyl chloride's production and use as a reagent in the production of dyes, benzoyl peroxide and as a reagent in organic analyses(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Data concerning the hydrolysis of benzoyl chloride in soil are not available. However, the rate constant for the hydrolysis of benzoyl chloride in water is 4.2X10-2 sec-1 at 25 °C, corresponding to a hydrolysis half-life of 16 sec(1). The hydrolysis half-life is so short that the predominant terrestrial fate of benzoyl chloride is expected to be hydrolysis(SRC). In the absence of water, however, benzoyl chloride could form a variety of esters upon reaction with common soil constituents(SRC). Benzoyl chloride is not expected to adsorb to soils, biodegrade, photolyze, volatilize, or leach(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: The hydrolysis rate constant for benzoyl chloride in water is 4.2X10-2 sec-1 at 25 °C, which corresponds to a half-life of 16 seconds(1). The products of the hydrolysis reaction are benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid(2). The rapid rate of hydrolysis suggests that hydrolysis is the major aquatic fate process for benzoyl chloride. Volatilization, photolysis, photooxidation, bioconcentration, biodegradation, and adsorption to sediments are not expected to be important processes in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), benzoyl chloride, which has a vapor pressure of 0.700 mm Hg at 25 deg(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase benzoyl chloride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 9 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Benzoyl chloride exhibits an absorption maximum of 282.9 nm (Epsilon = 1752) and also absorption at 293.0 nm (Epsilon = 1108) in methyl cyclohexane(4). Benzoyl chloride in the vapor phase absorbs light from 225-292 nm, but only qualitative estimates of the absorption intensities (weak-strong) were given(4). This suggests that benzoyl chloride may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).(SRC).

Benzoyl chloride is expected to hydrolyze on contact with moisture based on a hydrolysis rate constant of 4.2X10-2 sec-1 at 25 °C in water which corresponds to a half-life of 16 seconds(1). Therefore, due to the rapid rate of hydrolysis, biodegradation is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of benzoyl chloride with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 9 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Benzoyl chloride is expected to hydrolyze on contact with moisture based on a hydrolysis rate constant of 4.2X10-2 sec-1 at 25 °C in water which corresponds to a half-life of 16 seconds(2). The hydrolysis products are benzoic acid and hydrochloric acid(3). Benzoyl chloride exhibits an absorption maximum of 282.9 nm (Epsilon = 1752) with absorption also at 293.0 nm (Epsilon = 1108) in methyl cyclohexane(4). Benzoyl chloride in the vapor phase absorbs light from 225-292 nm, but only qualitative estimates of the absorption intensities (weak-strong) were given(4). This suggests that benzoyl chloride may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Benzoyl chloride is expected to hydrolyze on contact with moisture based on a hydrolysis rate constant of 4.2X10-2 sec-1 at 25 °C in water which corresponds to a half-life of 16 seconds(1). Therefore, due to the rapid rate of hydrolysis, bioconcentration is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC).

Benzoyl chloride is expected to hydrolyze on contact with moisture based on a hydrolysis rate constant of 4.2X10-2 sec-1 at 25 °C in water which corresponds to a half-life of 16 seconds(1). Therefore, due to the rapid rate of hydrolysis, absorption is not expected to be an important environmental fate process in moist soil(SRC).

Benzoyl chloride is expected to hydrolyze on contact with moisture based on a hydrolysis rate constant of 4.2X10-2 sec-1 at 25 °C in water which corresponds to a half-life of 16 seconds(1). Therefore, due to the rapid rate of hydrolysis, volatilization is not expected to be an important environmental fate process in water or moist soil(SRC). Benzoyl chloride has a vapor pressure of 0.7 mm Hg(2) and exists as a liquid under environmental conditions: therefore, benzoyl chloride may volatilize from dry soil(SRC).

Benzoyl chloride has been detected in limestone weathering crust from the cathedral of Sevilla, in southwestern Spain. The cathedral neighborhood is characterized by dense traffic, areas of car parks and dense narrow streets typical of historic districts of Andalusian cities(1).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 5 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of benzoyl chloride in the United States may be as low as 10 workers to less than 10,000 but unknown or unreasonably ascertainable as to how many workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 6,871 workers (2826 of these are female) are potentially exposed to benzoyl chloride in the US(1). Occupational exposure to benzoyl chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where benzoyl chloride is produced or used(SRC). The general population is not expected to be exposed to benzoyl chloride(SRC)

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: This combustible material may be burned in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

/GUIDE 137 SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: EXCEPT FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (UN1715), THAT IS FLAMMABLE, some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Flammable/toxic gases may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

/GUIDE 137 SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Health: CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

/GUIDE 137 SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream. Ventilate enclosed areas.

/GUIDE 137 SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Benzoyl chloride (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1736; Benzoyl chloride

IMO 8; Benzoyl chloride

49 317 25; Benzoyl chloride

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Benzoyl chloride is included on the dangerous goods list.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Benzoyl chloride is included on the dangerous goods list.

Corrosive

Airtight. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: C; R: 34; S: (1/2)-26-45

UN Hazard Class: 8; UN Pack Group: II