3-Nitroaniline

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311: Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331: Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H373 **: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H301+H311+H331 (97.9%): Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]

H301 (99.1%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

H311 (100%): Toxic in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]

H331 (99.3%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]

H373 (100%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H412 (100%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Aggregated GHS information provided per 560 reports by companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website.

H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]

H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

H370: Causes damage to organs [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]

H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]

H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

P203, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P308+P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]

P203, P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P317, P308+P316, P318, P319, P330, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position.

In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position. Powder, water spray, foam, carbon dioxide.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use water foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. /Nitroanilines/

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Nitroanilines/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL: Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024)

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder.

1. Ventilate area of spill. 2. For small quantities, sweep onto paper or other suitable material, place in an appropriate container & burn in a safe place (such as a fume hood). Large quantities may be reclaimed; however, if this is not practical, dissolve in a flammable solvent (such as alcohol) & atomize in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. /Nitroaniline/

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

AVOID BREATHING DUST; AVOID CONTACT WITH SKIN, EYES, CLOTHING.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 3-NITROANILINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should keep this material in a tightly-closed container under an inert atmosphere, and store it at refrigerated temperatures. You should protect this compound from exposure to light. STORE AWAY FROM SOURCES OF IGNITION. (NTP, 1992)

Separated from strong acids, strong oxidants, combustible substances, reducing agents and food and feedstuffs. Dry.

Protect against physical damage to containers and prevent from moisture contacts.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Methemoglobin in blood = 1.5% of hemoglobin during or at end of shift. [ACGIH]

1.6 [mg/m3]

18 [mg/m3]

110 [mg/m3]

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance may cause effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin. Medical observation is indicated. The effects may be delayed.

The substance may have effects on the blood. This may result in the formation of methaemoglobin.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Wear butyl rubber gloves, protective working clothes, self-contained breathing apparatus, protective shoes.

Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face-shields (eight-inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with solid 4-nitroaniline or liquids containing 4-nitroaniline. Employees should be provided with and required to use dust and splash-proof safety goggles where there is any possibility of liquid 4-nitroaniline or solids containing 4-nitroaniline contacting the eyes. /4-Niroaniline/

The following types of respirators should be selected under the prescribed concentrations: 30 mg/cu m: 1) Any supplied-air respirator 2) Any self-contained breathing apparatus. 75 mg/cu m: Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode. 150 mg/cu m: 1) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece 2) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece. 300 mg/cu m: Any supplied-air respirator with a half-mask and operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. Emergency or planned entry in unknown concentration or immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) conditions: 1) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece and operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode 2)Any supplied-air respirator with a full face piece and operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.

NO open flames. NO contact with combustible substances. Closed system, dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent deposition of dust.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.

M-nitroaniline appears as yellow needles or yellow powder. (NTP, 1992)

Yellow needle-like crystals; burning, sweet odor; [CHEMINFO]

YELLOW CRYSTALS.

Yellow crystals from water

YELLOW RHOMBIC NEEDLES

Burning sweet odor

581 to 585 °F at 760 mmHg (decomposes) (NTP, 1992)

306 °C, decomposes

306.4 °C @760 [mm Hg]

237 °F (NTP, 1992)

Heat of fusion at melting point = 23.6 kJ/mol

less than 1 mg/mL at 72.5 °F (NTP, 1992)

Slightly soluble in benzene; soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone; very soluble in methanol

Soluble in chloroform

1 g/20 mL alcohol; 1 g/18 mL ether; 1 g/11.5 mL methanol

In water, 1,200 mg/L at 24 °C

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 0.089

16.7 [ug/mL] (The mean of the results at pH 7.4)

0.9011 at 77 °F (NTP, 1992) - Less dense than water; will float

0.9011 at 25 °C/4 °C

1.4 g/cm³

0.9011 @25 °C

1 mmHg at 246.7 °F ; 760 mmHg at 582.3 °F (NTP, 1992)

0.0000956 [mmHg]

9.56X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C

Vapor pressure, Pa at 25 °C: 0.005

0.0000362 [mm Hg] @25 °C

log Kow = 1.37

Henry's Law constant = 7.91X10-9 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

When heated to decomp it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.

108 kJ/mol

Positive

Agilent XCT

Electrospray ionization

formic acid (5.3nM)

MeCN (80%)

DOI:10.1007/s13361-016-1563-1

pKa = 2.466 at 25 °C

Forms water-soluble salts with mineral acids

13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum

Insoluble in water.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Amines, Aromatic

Thermal stability of this compound is reduced by various impurities. This compound may be sensitive to prolonged exposure to light. This compound may react explosively with ethylene oxide at 266 °F. It is incompatible with acids (nitric, sulfuric), acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, chloroformates and strong oxidizing agents. (NTP, 1992). Unstable when heated.

Possibly explosive reaction with ethylene oxide at 130 °C.

FORMS WATER-SOL SALTS WITH MINERAL ACIDS.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

Blue lips, fingernails and skin. Headache. Dizziness. Nausea. Confusion. Convulsions. Laboured breathing. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.

Further see Inhalation.

Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.

Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as primary toxic effect.

3-Nitroaniline

PDF Document

Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

PPRTV Archive

PPRTV Current

LD50 Rat oral, SD strain (M), 540 mg/kg

LD50 RAT ORAL 900 MG/KG.

LD50 Mouse oral, CF-1 (M), 310 mg/kg

LD50 Mouse oral 308 mg/kg

For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 3-NITROANILINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

INHALATION: Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration if indicated. Refer for medical attention. SKIN: Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention. EYES: First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then take to a doctor.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aniline and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aniline and related compounds/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. DIRECT PHYSICIAN ORDER ONLY ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aniline and related compounds/

Routine checking of lips, tongue, and nail beds of exposed personnel for signs of cyanosis. /Protect/ from exposure those individuals with anemia, cardiovascular, or pulmonary diseases.

Consider the points of attack (blood, heart, lungs and liver) in preplacement and periodic physical examinations. /4-Nitroaniline/

Routine checking of lips, tongue and nail beds of exposed personnel for signs of cyanosis. /Protect/ from exposure those individuals with anemia, cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute exposure can cause methemoglobinemia, cyanosis. Chronic exposure may cause liver damage

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: 1. Lips, tongue, and mucous membranes navy blue to black; skin slate gray, all without signs of cardiac or pulmonary insufficiency. 2. Severe headache, nausea, sometimes vomiting, dryness of throat. 3. Central nervous symptoms: confusion, ataxia, vertigo, tinnitus, weakness, disorientation, lethargy, drowsiness, and finally, coma. Convulsions may occur but appear to be uncommon. 4. Cardiac effects: heart blocks, arrhythmias, and shock. 5. Death, although uncommon, is usually due to cardiovascular collapse and not resp paralysis. 6. Urinary signs and symptoms may incl painful micturition, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, and renal insufficiency (usually mild). 7. A late acute hemolytic episode should be anticipated at 6 to 8 days after ingestion. /Aniline/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ... Powerful methemoglobin former with attendant hemolytic effect..

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ On prolonged and excessive exposures it may ... cause liver damage. ... Its vapors are highly toxic as well.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ m-Nitroaniline in test application of 10-20 mg of powder to an unanesthetized rabbit's eye caused no evident discomfort and no injury.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ When m-nitroaniline was admin orally to rats the LD50 was 0.9 g/kg. When admin at 1/2 the LD50, it caused significant incr in methemoglobin & sulfhemoglobin levels in blood...

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Doses of: 0, 15, 50, 170 mg/kg/day /of 3-nitrobenzenamine/ were given in gavage /to Rats/ for 28 days. Cyanosis was observed in the dose groups of 170 mg/kg/day. Increases of liver, kidney and spleen weights in a dose related fashion were observed. Hemolytic anemia was observed in a dose-related fashion in both sexes. Inhibition of the body weight gain was observed in the highest dose groups for both sexes. On the histological examination there was an evidence of lipofuscin deposition mainly occurring in the proximal renal tubules in the male animals of the highest dose group. Hemosiderin deposition in the spleen and swelling of hepatocytes were observed on histological examination in all dose groups. Erythroid hyperplasia was observed on histological examination in all treated groups. LOAEL dose at which no toxic effects were observed was established as 15 mg/kg/day under the test conditions. EDLC estimated dose of low concern was calculated as 0.003 mg/kg/day. There were some effects on reproductive organs observed in the males of the highest dose group in the form of testicular atrophy. Histologically this dose group showed reduction of spermatogenesis with multinucleated giant cell formation.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ Doses of: 0, 5, 15, 50 mg/kg/day /3-nitrobenzenamine, purity 99.9%,/ of maternal exposure from fertilization through day 3 of post-natal life /in Crj:CD(SD) rats/ were tested for the effects of teratogenicity. Considerable loss of offspring from dams in the high-dose and mid-dose groups was observed. All pups of 2 dams from the high-dose group and one from the mid-dose group died in connection with difficult labor. ... The mating performance and fertility were not affected by the test compound. Signs of difficulty in labor and postnatal loss of offspring were observed in mid- and high-dose female groups. No remarkable histopathological change in the ovaries was observed in any of the non-pregnant females and in females which showed total litter loss after the parturition. The testicular and epididymal weights were comparable among all four groups. No compound related histopathological changes in these organs were found in any of the males. Reproduction parameters (i.e., duration of gestation, number of corpora lutea, implantations and resorptions, litter size, and sex distribution) were comparable among all four groups including the control. Survival and body weights as well as the morphological development of pups were comparable among all groups.

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 3-NITROANILINE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50 Oryzias ladipes (Orange-red killfish) 158 mg/L/24 hr, 71 mg/L/48 hr, 69 mg/L/72 hr, 67 mg/L/96 hr; semi-static.

LC50 Oryzias ladipes (Orange-red killfish) 96 mg/L/48 hours; static.

EC50; Species: Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Green algae, 2x10+6 cell/mL); Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.4; Concentration: 58000 ug/L for 72 hr; Effect: population growth inhibition />98% purity/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, 24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 18-20 °C, pH 8.0-8.3, dissolved oxygen 8.1-9.7 mg/L; Concentration: 6770 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 3990-11000 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, immobilization />98% purity/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 3-NITROANILINE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The LC50 (96 hr) values and the bioconcentration factors (BCF) for nine anilines (aniline; 2-, 3-, 4-chloroaniline; 2-, 3-, 4-nitroaniline; 2,4- and 3,4-dichloroaniline) in the zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) were determined. Biotransformation products of anilines in the zebrafish were analyzed by HPLC. The aim of the investigations was to find relationships between accumulation/elimination/metabolism and toxicity on the one hand and between chemical structure and biotransformation on the other. ... A good correlation of log BCF and of log Pow with log LC50 /was found/. This concurs with the assumption that the internal dose determines the toxicological effect. All anilines investigated, with the exception of 2- and 4-nitroaniline, were transformed into the corresponding acetanilides. The toxicity of the compounds was not altered by biotransformation. ...

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

3-Nitroaniline's production and use as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes and pigments may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 9.56X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 3-nitroaniline will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 3-nitroaniline will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 41 hours. Particulate-phase 3-nitroaniline will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. 3-Nitroaniline does absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 3-nitroaniline is expected to have very high to high mobility based upon Koc values of 44 and 87. However, anilines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group, suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 7.9X10-9 atm-cu m/mole. A number of screening studies using soil, activated sludge and sewage have found 3-nitroaniline to be generally resistant to biodegradation. If released into water, 3-nitroaniline is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc values. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. In the water column, 3-nitroaniline may be susceptible to significant degradation in sunlight via reaction with photochemically produced oxidants such as hydroxyl and alkoxy radicals. BCF values of <10 suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 3-nitroaniline may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 3-nitroaniline is produced or used. (SRC)

LC50 Oryzias ladipes (Orange-red killfish) 158 mg/L/24 hr, 71 mg/L/48 hr, 69 mg/L/72 hr, 67 mg/L/96 hr; semi-static.

LC50 Oryzias ladipes (Orange-red killfish) 96 mg/L/48 hours; static.

EC50; Species: Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Green algae, 2x10+6 cell/mL); Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.4; Concentration: 58000 ug/L for 72 hr; Effect: population growth inhibition />98% purity/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, 24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 18-20 °C, pH 8.0-8.3, dissolved oxygen 8.1-9.7 mg/L; Concentration: 6770 ug/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 3990-11000 ug/L); Effect: intoxication, immobilization />98% purity/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 3-NITROANILINE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The LC50 (96 hr) values and the bioconcentration factors (BCF) for nine anilines (aniline; 2-, 3-, 4-chloroaniline; 2-, 3-, 4-nitroaniline; 2,4- and 3,4-dichloroaniline) in the zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) were determined. Biotransformation products of anilines in the zebrafish were analyzed by HPLC. The aim of the investigations was to find relationships between accumulation/elimination/metabolism and toxicity on the one hand and between chemical structure and biotransformation on the other. ... A good correlation of log BCF and of log Pow with log LC50 /was found/. This concurs with the assumption that the internal dose determines the toxicological effect. All anilines investigated, with the exception of 2- and 4-nitroaniline, were transformed into the corresponding acetanilides. The toxicity of the compounds was not altered by biotransformation. ...

The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.

3-Nitroaniline's production and use as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes and pigments may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 9.56X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 3-nitroaniline will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase 3-nitroaniline will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 41 hours. Particulate-phase 3-nitroaniline will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. 3-Nitroaniline does absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 3-nitroaniline is expected to have very high to high mobility based upon Koc values of 44 and 87. However, anilines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group, suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 7.9X10-9 atm-cu m/mole. A number of screening studies using soil, activated sludge and sewage have found 3-nitroaniline to be generally resistant to biodegradation. If released into water, 3-nitroaniline is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the Koc values. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. In the water column, 3-nitroaniline may be susceptible to significant degradation in sunlight via reaction with photochemically produced oxidants such as hydroxyl and alkoxy radicals. BCF values of <10 suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 3-nitroaniline may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 3-nitroaniline is produced or used. (SRC)

3-Nitroaniline's production and use as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes and pigments(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 44(2) and 87(3), indicate that 3-nitroaniline is expected to have very high to high mobility in soil(SRC). However, anilines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(7,8), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC). Volatilization of 3-nitroaniline from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 7.9X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(4). 3-Nitroaniline is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9.56X10-5 mm Hg(5). 3-Nitroaniline was determined to be non-biodegradable using the Japanese MITI protocol(6), indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 44(2) and 87(3) indicate that 3-nitroaniline is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 7.9X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(5). According to a classification scheme(6), BCFs of <10(7,8), suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 3-Nitroaniline is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Aromatic amines react relatively rapidly in natural water with photochemically produced oxidants such as hydroxyl radicals and alkoxy radicals(9); half-lives of aniline are on the order of 30 hr of sunlight for hydroxyl radicals and 19 hr of sunlight for alkoxy radicals(9); reactions with 3-nitroaniline are likely to be somewhat slower due to the presence of the nitro function(SRC). 3-Nitroaniline was determined to be non-biodegradable using the Japanese MITI protocol(8), indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 3-nitroaniline, which has a vapor pressure of 9.56X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 3-nitroaniline is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 41 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.4X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 3-nitroaniline may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). 3-Nitroaniline does absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

AEROBIC: The mono-nitroanilines were found to be markedly more resistant to biological degradation, as compared to aniline, using Warburg respirometer procedures(1). 3-Nitroaniline was determined to be non-biodegradable using the Japanese MITI protocol(2). No biodegradation of 3-nitroaniline (100 ppm) was observed in a 2-week period in the standard biodegradability test of the Japanese Ministry International Trade and Industry (MITI), a BOD test utilizing a mixed inoculum of activated sludge, sewage and surface water(3). No biodegradation of 3-nitroaniline was observed at concn of 25-30 ppm upon incubation with adapted activated sludge for 20 days(4). No degradation of 3-nitroaniline in a mineral salts solution, with a soil inoculum, occurred in 64 days(5). No biodegradation occurred over a 240 hr period in a respirometer study(6). Only limited biooxidation of 3-nitroaniline was observed in respirometric tests utilizing phenol-adapted bacteria(7). In a 60-day respirimeter test using sewage seed, no biodegradation of 3-nitroaniline (5 ppm) occured(8). However partial degradation was observed when the test solution was cross-seeded with microorganisms acclimated to 4-nitroaniline(8). Using the Zahn-Wellens test procedure, 3-nitroaniline was difficult to degrade as elimination was less than 20% over the 28 day incubation period(9). In another Zahn-Wellens test, no DOC removal occurred in 23 days of incubation(10). 3-Nitroaniline had a biodegradation rate of 0.026/h in river water giving a half-life of 27 hours, which was classified as poor degradation(11). A 5 day BOD at 20 °C in Songhua river water was 6% for 3-nitroaniline(12).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 3-nitroaniline with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.4X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 41 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 3-Nitroaniline is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Aromatic amines react relatively rapidly in natural water with photochemically produced oxidants such as hydroxyl radicals and alkoxy radicals(3); half-lives of aniline are on the order of 30 hr of sunlight for hydroxyl radicals and 19 hr of sunlight for peroxy radicals(3); reactions with 3-nitroaniline are likely to be somewhat slower due to the presence of the nitro function(SRC). 3-Nitroaniline does absorb light at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

A 6-week bioconcentration study in carp obtained BCF values of 1.1-3.0 and <10 for concentrations of 3- nitroaniline of 0.5 and 0.05 mg/L, respectively(1). An aquarium study using carp fish found 3-nitroaniline to have a low bioaccumulation potential(2). A study using zebrafish experimentally determined the BCF for 3-nitroaniline to be 8.3(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these BCF values suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Soil adsorption studies using four silt loam soils and a 2-hour adsorption period determined a mean log Kom of 1.70 which corresponds to a Koc of 87 for 3-nitroaniline(1). 3-Nitroaniline had a measured log Koc of 1.64 which corresponds to a Koc value of 44(2). According to a classification scheme(3), these Koc values suggest that 3-nitroaniline is expected to have very high to high mobility in soil(SRC). 3-Nitroaniline was found to have a Kd value of 3.5 L/kg in homoionic K+ Montmorillonite type soil(4). However, anilines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(5,6), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 3-nitroaniline is 7.9X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 3-nitroaniline is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 3-Nitroaniline is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9.56X10-5 mm Hg(3).

GROUNDWATER: For samples collected from 1981 to 1986, 3-nitroaniline was not detected in hazardous waste site groundwater samples in EPA regions 1-3, 5-6, and 8-10, and was not analyzed in regions 4 and 7(1).

SURFACE WATER: A concentration of 0.1 ppb 3-nitroaniline was identified in water taken from the Rhine River near Labith, Netherlands(1).

Raw wastewater collected from a US dye manufacturing plant on the Black River in July 1976 contained 270 ppb nitroaniline (isomers unspecified); the final treated effluent contained no detectable levels of nitroaniline(1).

Occupational exposure to 3-nitroaniline may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 3-nitroaniline is produced or used. (SRC)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Nitroanilines/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Nitroanilines/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Nitroanilines/

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Nitroanilines/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 3-NITROANILINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

UN 1661; Nitroanilines (o-, m-, p-)

IMO 6.1; Nitroanilines (o-, m-, p-)

49 215 30; Nitroaniline

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.

Symbol: T; R: 23/24/25-33-52/53; S: (1/2)-28-36/37-45-61; Note: C

UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: II